Metformin reduces the rate of small intestinal glucose absorption in type 2 diabetes

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 290-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tongzhi Wu ◽  
Cong Xie ◽  
Hang Wu ◽  
Karen L. Jones ◽  
Michael Horowitz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Glucose Absorption ◽  
Intestinal Glucose Absorption ◽  
Small Intestinal

Medical Herbs and the Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus

2021 ◽  
pp. 48-73
Author(s):  
Donovan Anthony McGrowder ◽  
Fabian G. Miller ◽  
Chukwuemeka Nwokocha ◽  
Cameil F. Wilson-Clarke ◽  
Melisa Anderson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Glucose Absorption ◽  
Medicinal Herbs ◽  
Subsequent Increase ◽  
Treatment Of Diabetes ◽  
Intestinal Glucose Absorption ◽  
Oral Hypoglycemic Drugs

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder that affects millions of persons worldwide, and if uncontrolled may cause cardiovascular disease, retinopathy, or chronic kidney disease. Effective therapeutic management of diabetes mellitus involves the use of mainly oral hypoglycemic drugs whose mechanism of action includes improved insulin secretion, reduced insulin resistance, or increased glucose uptake. There is growing exploration of medicinal herbs as potential therapeutic sources for the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus and compared with conventional oral hypoglycemic drugs they have little or no side effects. The aim of this review is to provide up-to-date information on potential medicinal herbs that have demonstrated anti-hyperglycemic activity through either increased secretion of insulin from pancreatic β-cells, reduction of insulin resistance with subsequent increase in insulin sensitivity, or inhibition of intestinal glucose absorption via decreased α-glucosidase activity.

Erythritol reduces small intestinal glucose absorption, increases muscle glucose uptake, improves glucose metabolic enzymes activities and increases expression of Glut-4 and IRS-1 in type 2 diabetic rats

2017 ◽  
Vol 57 (7) ◽  
pp. 2431-2444 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chika Ifeanyi Chukwuma ◽  
Ramgopal Mopuri ◽  
Savania Nagiah ◽  
Anil Amichund Chuturgoon ◽  
Md. Shahidul Islam
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Uptake ◽  
Metabolic Enzymes ◽  
Glucose Absorption ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Enzymes Activities ◽  
Glut 4 ◽  
Intestinal Glucose Absorption ◽  
Small Intestinal ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic

scholarly journals Type 2 Diabetes Impairs Splanchnic Uptake of Glucose but Does Not Alter Intestinal Glucose Absorption During Enteral Glucose Feeding

Diabetes ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
pp. 1351-1362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ananda Basu ◽  
Rita Basu ◽  
Pankaj Shah ◽  
Adrian Vella ◽  
C. Michael Johnson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Glucose Absorption ◽  
Glucose Feeding ◽  
Intestinal Glucose Absorption

scholarly journals Aqueous extracts of husks of Plantago ovata reduce hyperglycaemia in type 1 and type 2 diabetes by inhibition of intestinal glucose absorption

2006 ◽  
Vol 96 (01) ◽  
pp. 131 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. A. Hannan ◽  
L. Ali ◽  
J. Khaleque ◽  
M. Akhter ◽  
P. R. Flatt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Glucose Absorption ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Plantago Ovata ◽  
Intestinal Glucose Absorption

scholarly journals Berberine Decreases Intestinal GLUT2 Translocation and Reduces Intestinal Glucose Absorption in Mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 327
Author(s):  
Min Zhang ◽  
Hongyan Yang ◽  
Erwan Yang ◽  
Jia Li ◽  
Ling Dong
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Brush Border Membrane ◽  
Intestinal Epithelial Cells ◽  
Glucose Absorption ◽  
Postprandial Hyperglycemia ◽  
Intestinal Epithelial ◽  
Diabetic Mice ◽  
Intestinal Glucose Absorption

Postprandial hyperglycemia is an important causative factor of type 2 diabetes mellitus, and permanent localization of intestinal GLUT2 in the brush border membrane is an important reason of postprandial hyperglycemia. Berberine, a small molecule derived from Coptidis rhizome, has been found to be potent at lowering blood glucose, but how berberine lowers postprandial blood glucose is still elusive. Here, we investigated the effect of berberine on intestinal glucose transporter 2 (GLUT2) translocation and intestinal glucose absorption in type 2 diabetes mouse model. Type 2 diabetes was induced by feeding of a high-fat diet and injection of streptozotocin and diabetic mice were treated with berberine for 6 weeks. The effects of berberine on intestinal glucose transport and GLUT2 translocation were accessed in isolated intestines and intestinal epithelial cells (IEC-6), respectively. We found that berberine treatment improved glucose tolerance and systemic insulin sensitivity in diabetic mice. Furthermore, berberine decreased intestinal glucose transport and inhibited GLUT2 translocation from cytoplasm to brush border membrane in intestinal epithelial cells. Mechanistically, berberine inhibited intestinal insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1R) phosphorylation and thus reduced localization of PLC-β2 in the membrane, leading to decreased GLUT2 translocation. These results suggest that berberine reduces intestinal glucose absorption through inhibiting IGF-1R-PLC-β2-GLUT2 signal pathway.

scholarly journals Effects of intragastric administration of L-tryptophan on the glycaemic response to a nutrient drink in men with type 2 diabetes — impacts on gastric emptying, glucoregulatory hormones and glucose absorption

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryam Hajishafiee ◽  
Rachel A. Elovaris ◽  
Karen L. Jones ◽  
Leonie K. Heilbronn ◽  
Michael Horowitz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Gastric Emptying ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Glucose Absorption ◽  
Intragastric Administration ◽  
Glycaemic Response ◽  
C Peptide ◽  
Postprandial Glycaemia ◽  
Glucoregulatory Hormones

Abstract Background The rate of gastric emptying and glucoregulatory hormones are key determinants of postprandial glycaemia. Intragastric administration of L-tryptophan slows gastric emptying and reduces the glycaemic response to a nutrient drink in lean individuals and those with obesity. We investigated whether tryptophan decreases postprandial glycaemia and slows gastric emptying in type 2 diabetes (T2D). Methods Twelve men with T2D (age: 63 ± 2 years, HbA1c: 49.7 ± 2.5 mmol/mol, BMI: 30 ± 1 kg/m2) received, on three separate occasions, 3 g (‘Trp-3’) or 1.5 g (‘Trp-1.5’) tryptophan, or control (0.9% saline), intragastrically, in randomised, double-blind fashion, 30 min before a mixed-nutrient drink (500 kcal, 74 g carbohydrates), containing 3 g 3-O-methyl-D-glucose (3-OMG) to assess glucose absorption. Venous blood samples were obtained at baseline, after tryptophan, and for 2 h post-drink for measurements of plasma glucose, C-peptide, glucagon and 3-OMG. Gastric emptying of the drink was quantified using two-dimensional ultrasound. Results Tryptophan alone stimulated C-peptide (P = 0.002) and glucagon (P = 0.04), but did not affect fasting glucose. In response to the drink, Trp-3 lowered plasma glucose from t = 15–30 min and from t = 30–45 min compared with control and Trp-1.5, respectively (both P < 0.05), with no differences in peak glucose between treatments. Gastric emptying tended to be slower after Trp-3, but not Trp-1.5, than control (P = 0.06). Plasma C-peptide, glucagon and 3-OMG increased on all days, with no major differences between treatments. Conclusions In people with T2D, intragastric administration of 3 g tryptophan modestly slows gastric emptying, associated with a delayed rise, but not an overall lowering of, postprandial glucose.

scholarly journals Effects of Vildagliptin and Metformin on Blood Pressure and Heart Rate Responses to Small Intestinal Glucose in Type 2 Diabetes

Diabetes Care ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 702-705 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tongzhi Wu ◽  
Laurence G. Trahair ◽  
Tanya J. Little ◽  
Michelle J. Bound ◽  
Xiang Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Small Intestinal
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