scholarly journals Berberine Decreases Intestinal GLUT2 Translocation and Reduces Intestinal Glucose Absorption in Mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 327
Author(s):  
Min Zhang ◽  
Hongyan Yang ◽  
Erwan Yang ◽  
Jia Li ◽  
Ling Dong
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Brush Border Membrane ◽  
Intestinal Epithelial Cells ◽  
Glucose Absorption ◽  
Postprandial Hyperglycemia ◽  
Intestinal Epithelial ◽  
Diabetic Mice ◽  
Intestinal Glucose Absorption

Postprandial hyperglycemia is an important causative factor of type 2 diabetes mellitus, and permanent localization of intestinal GLUT2 in the brush border membrane is an important reason of postprandial hyperglycemia. Berberine, a small molecule derived from Coptidis rhizome, has been found to be potent at lowering blood glucose, but how berberine lowers postprandial blood glucose is still elusive. Here, we investigated the effect of berberine on intestinal glucose transporter 2 (GLUT2) translocation and intestinal glucose absorption in type 2 diabetes mouse model. Type 2 diabetes was induced by feeding of a high-fat diet and injection of streptozotocin and diabetic mice were treated with berberine for 6 weeks. The effects of berberine on intestinal glucose transport and GLUT2 translocation were accessed in isolated intestines and intestinal epithelial cells (IEC-6), respectively. We found that berberine treatment improved glucose tolerance and systemic insulin sensitivity in diabetic mice. Furthermore, berberine decreased intestinal glucose transport and inhibited GLUT2 translocation from cytoplasm to brush border membrane in intestinal epithelial cells. Mechanistically, berberine inhibited intestinal insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1R) phosphorylation and thus reduced localization of PLC-β2 in the membrane, leading to decreased GLUT2 translocation. These results suggest that berberine reduces intestinal glucose absorption through inhibiting IGF-1R-PLC-β2-GLUT2 signal pathway.

Metformin reduces the rate of small intestinal glucose absorption in type 2 diabetes

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 290-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tongzhi Wu ◽  
Cong Xie ◽  
Hang Wu ◽  
Karen L. Jones ◽  
Michael Horowitz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Glucose Absorption ◽  
Intestinal Glucose Absorption ◽  
Small Intestinal

scholarly journals ID: 1080 Adipose-derived stem cells alleviate glucose tolerance in type 2 diabetic mouse

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (S) ◽  
pp. 166
Author(s):  
Anh Nguyen Tu Bui ◽  
Cong Le Thanh Nguyen ◽  
Anh Thi Minh Nguyen ◽  
Nhat Chau Truong ◽  
Ngoc Kim Phan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Adipose Derived Stem Cells ◽  
Diabetic Mice ◽  
Human Ascs ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic

Background: Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is the most common form of diabetes and accounts for 90-95% of all existing diabetic cases. The main etiologies of T2D include insulin resistance in target tissues, insufficient secretion of insulin and subsequent decline of pancreatic β-cell function. Recently, many studies have suggested that adipose – derived stem cells (ASCs) were potential to alleviate insulin resistance and hyperglycemia and promote the islets repair. In this study, ASCs were hypothesized that they could have ameliorative effects on type 2 diabetic mice.  Methods: Type 2 diabetic mice were induced by a combination of high-fat diet and injection of STZ 100 mg/kg and NA 120 mg/kg. Thereafter, two doses of 106 human ASCs were transplanted 2 week interval into each mouse via the tail vein. The mice were monitored health condition, rate of mortaity, body weight, consumption of food and water, blood glucose level, serum insulin level and histological structure of pancreatic islets.  Results: Our results indicated that the ASC-treated mice expressed improved condition in comparision with non-treated diabetic mice. The consumption of food and water as well as the blood glucose level decreased. Simultaneously, ASC transplantation improved the impaired glucose tolerance and insulin tolerance in T2D mice. Besides, the total cholesterol have significantly decreased.  Conclusion: it is suggested that human ASCs infusion is safe and effective for type 2 diabetes mellitus in mice regarding the improved glucose metabolism and insulin resistance.

scholarly journals Beneficial Effects of Poplar Buds on Hyperglycemia, Dyslipidemia, Oxidative Stress, and Inflammation in Streptozotocin-Induced Type-2 Diabetes

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiqin Peng ◽  
Ping Wei ◽  
Qun Lu ◽  
Rui Liu ◽  
Yue Ding ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Crude Extract ◽  
Liver Homogenate ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Diabetic Mice ◽  
Model Control

The effects of propolis on blood glucose regulation and the alleviation of various complications caused by diabetes have been widely studied. The main source of propolis in the northern temperate zone is poplar buds. However, there is limited research on the antidiabetic activity of poplar buds. In order to evaluate the effect of poplar buds on type-2 diabetes, crude extract and 50% fraction of poplar buds were used to feed streptozotocin-induced type-2 diabetic mice. The results showed that 50% fraction could increase insulin sensitivity and reduce insulin resistance, as well as decrease the levels of fasting blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin, and glycosylated serum proteins in diabetic mice. Compared with the model control group, the 50% fraction-treated group showed significant decreases of malondialdehyde (MDA) and increases of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in serum and liver homogenate. Moreover, 50% fraction could significantly decrease total cholesterol (TC), alleviate abnormal lipid metabolism, and enhance antioxidant capacity in the serum. For inflammatory factors, feeding of 50% fraction could also reduce the levels of interleukin 6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factorα(TNF-α), monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1), and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in liver homogenate. Taken together, our results suggest that crude extract and 50% fraction of poplar buds, particularly the latter, can decrease blood glucose levels and insulin resistance, and 50% fraction can significantly relieve dyslipidemia, oxidative stress, and inflammation caused by type-2 diabetes.

scholarly journals Cadmium Exposure Decreases Fasting Blood Glucose Levels and Exacerbates Type-2 Diabetes in a Mouse Model

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mengyang Li ◽  
Shuai Wang ◽  
Xiuxiu Liu ◽  
Zhijie Sheng ◽  
Bingyan Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Diabetic Group ◽  
Diabetic Mice ◽  
Hepatic Enzymes ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Cd Exposure

Abstract Purpose Although the effects of cadmium (Cd) on the development of diabetes have been extensively investigated, the relationship between Cd exposure and the severity of established diabetes is unclear. Herein, we investigate the effects of long-term exposure to Cd in a streptozotocin-induced mouse model of type 2 diabetes and the underlying mechanism. Methods C57BL/6 Mice were divided into the following four groups: 1) control group; 2) Cd-exposed group; 3) diabetic group; 4) Cd-exposed diabetic group. Cd exposure was established by the administration of 155 ppm CdCl2 in drinking water. After 25 weeks of treatment, serum fasting glucose and insulin were measured. Meanwhile, the liver and pancreas specimens were sectioned and stained with Hematoxylin and eosin. Gluconeogenesis, glycolysis, lactate concentration and fibrosis in liver were evaluated. Results Clinical signs attributable to diabetes were more apparent in Cd-exposed diabetic mice. Interestingly, Cd exposure significantly decreased fasting blood glucose levels in diabetic group. We further demonstrated that the glycolysis related hepatic enzymes, pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM-2) and lactic dehydrogenase A (LDHA) were both increased, while the gluconeogenesis related hepatic enzymes, phosphoenolpyruvate-1 (PCK-1) and glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase) were both decreased in Cd exposed diabetic mice, indicating that Cd increased glycolysis and inhibited gluconeogenesis in diabetic model. Moreover, lactate accumulation was noted accompanied by the increased inflammation and fibrosis in the livers of diabetic mice following Cd exposure. Conclusions Cd exposure disturbed glucose metabolism and exacerbated diabetes, providing a biological relevance that DM patients are at greater risk when exposed to Cd.

Medical Herbs and the Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus

2021 ◽  
pp. 48-73
Author(s):  
Donovan Anthony McGrowder ◽  
Fabian G. Miller ◽  
Chukwuemeka Nwokocha ◽  
Cameil F. Wilson-Clarke ◽  
Melisa Anderson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Glucose Absorption ◽  
Medicinal Herbs ◽  
Subsequent Increase ◽  
Treatment Of Diabetes ◽  
Intestinal Glucose Absorption ◽  
Oral Hypoglycemic Drugs

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder that affects millions of persons worldwide, and if uncontrolled may cause cardiovascular disease, retinopathy, or chronic kidney disease. Effective therapeutic management of diabetes mellitus involves the use of mainly oral hypoglycemic drugs whose mechanism of action includes improved insulin secretion, reduced insulin resistance, or increased glucose uptake. There is growing exploration of medicinal herbs as potential therapeutic sources for the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus and compared with conventional oral hypoglycemic drugs they have little or no side effects. The aim of this review is to provide up-to-date information on potential medicinal herbs that have demonstrated anti-hyperglycemic activity through either increased secretion of insulin from pancreatic β-cells, reduction of insulin resistance with subsequent increase in insulin sensitivity, or inhibition of intestinal glucose absorption via decreased α-glucosidase activity.

scholarly journals Type 2 Diabetes Impairs Splanchnic Uptake of Glucose but Does Not Alter Intestinal Glucose Absorption During Enteral Glucose Feeding

Diabetes ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
pp. 1351-1362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ananda Basu ◽  
Rita Basu ◽  
Pankaj Shah ◽  
Adrian Vella ◽  
C. Michael Johnson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Glucose Absorption ◽  
Glucose Feeding ◽  
Intestinal Glucose Absorption

The plasma 5′-AMP acts as a potential upstream regulator of hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetic mice

2012 ◽  
Vol 302 (3) ◽  
pp. E325-E333 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Zhang ◽  
Zhongqiu Wang ◽  
Yue Zhao ◽  
Ming Zhao ◽  
Shiming Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Adenosine Monophosphate ◽  
Plasma Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Hepatic Glycogen ◽  
Diabetic Mice ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Upstream Regulator ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic

Increased plasma free fatty acid (FFA) level is a hallmark of type 2 diabetes. However, the underlying molecular basis for FFA-caused hyperglycemia remains unclear. Here we identified plasma 5′-adenosine monophosphate (pAMP) markedly elevated in the plasma of type 2 diabetic mice. High levels of FFAs induced damage in vein endothelial cells and contributed to an increase in pAMP. Administration of synthetic 5′-AMP caused hyperglycemia and impaired insulin action in lean wild-type mice. 5′-AMP elevated blood glucose in mice deficient in adenosine receptors with equal efficiency as wild-type mice. The function of pAMP was initiated by the elevation of cellular adenosine levels, directly stimulating G-6-Pase enzyme activity, attenuating insulin-dependent GLUT4 translocation in skeletal muscle, and displaying a rapid and steep increase in blood glucose and a decrease in hepatic glycogen level. It was followed by an increase in the gene expression of hepatic Foxo1 and its targeting gene Pepck and G6Pase, which was similar to diabetic phenotype in db/db mice. Our results suggest that pAMP is a potential upstream regulator of hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes.

scholarly journals GLP-1 Gene-Modified Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cell Line Improves Blood Glucose Level in Type 2 Diabetic Mice

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Ying Chang ◽  
Mingxin Dong ◽  
Yan Wang ◽  
Haotian Yu ◽  
Chengbiao Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Cell Line ◽  
Umbilical Cord ◽  
Human Umbilical Cord ◽  
Diabetic Mice ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic

Type 2 diabetes constitutes a serious threat to the health of patients, but there is currently no ideal treatment in the clinic. Glucagon-like peptide-1 and human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells have been confirmed to have antidiabetic effects, but both of them have certain defects in the process of antidiabetes, which cannot meet the need of clinical treatment. We hypothesized that human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells can be used as a vector to construct a novel cell line that expresses GLP-1 in vivo for a long time. And this cell strain results in lowering blood glucose in type 2 diabetic mice. The results showed that after 3 weeks of intramuscular injection of the new cell line, the fasting blood glucose of type 2 diabetic mice returned to the normal range, and the hypoglycemic effect was maintained within 3 weeks after putting an end to the drug. At the same time, during the administration, the mice lost weight, the food intake decreased, the half-life of GLP-1 in the body prolonged, the IR reduced, and the pancreatic function recovered. The results of this study indicate that the novel cell line can prolong the half-life of GLP-1 in vivo and effectively lower blood sugar, which is a feasible method to improve type 2 diabetes.

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