Divergent shrub‐cover responses driven by climate, wildfire, and permafrost interactions in Arctic tundra ecosystems

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 652-663
Author(s):  
Yaping Chen ◽  
Feng Sheng Hu ◽  
Mark J. Lara
Keyword(s):  
Arctic Tundra ◽  
Shrub Cover ◽  
Tundra Ecosystems

The morphology of experimentally produced charcoal distinguishes fuel types in the Arctic tundra

The Holocene ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (7) ◽  
pp. 1091-1096 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleanor MB Pereboom ◽  
Richard S Vachula ◽  
Yongsong Huang ◽  
James Russell
Keyword(s):  
Arctic Tundra ◽  
Global Carbon Cycle ◽  
Fire Frequency ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Fuel Type ◽  
The Past ◽  
Primary Means ◽  
Forested Ecosystems ◽  
Global Carbon ◽  
Tundra Ecosystems

Wildfires in the Arctic tundra have become increasingly frequent in recent years and have important implications for tundra ecosystems and for the global carbon cycle. Lake sediment–based records are the primary means of understanding the climatic influences on tundra fires. Sedimentary charcoal has been used to infer climate-driven changes in tundra fire frequency but thus far cannot differentiate characteristics of the vegetation burnt during fire events. In forested ecosystems, charcoal morphologies have been used to distinguish changes in fuel type consumed by wildfires of the past; however, no such approach has been developed for tundra ecosystems. We show experimentally that charcoal morphologies can be used to differentiate graminoid (mean = 6.77; standard deviation (SD) = 0.23) and shrub (mean = 2.42; SD = 1.86) biomass burnt in tundra fire records. This study is a first step needed to construct more nuanced tundra wildfire histories and to understand how wildfire will impact the region as vegetation and fire change in the future.

Remote sensing of vegetation and land-cover change in Arctic Tundra Ecosystems

2004 ◽  
Vol 89 (3) ◽  
pp. 281-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas A Stow ◽  
Allen Hope ◽  
David McGuire ◽  
David Verbyla ◽  
John Gamon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Land Cover ◽  
Land Cover Change ◽  
Arctic Tundra ◽  
Tundra Ecosystems

Spatial and temporal variations in hectare-scale net CO2 flux, respiration and gross primary production of Arctic tundra ecosystems

2000 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. L. Vourlitis ◽  
Y. Harazono ◽  
W. C. Oechel ◽  
M. Yoshimoto ◽  
M. Mano
Keyword(s):  
Primary Production ◽  
Gross Primary Production ◽  
Co2 Flux ◽  
Arctic Tundra ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variations ◽  
Tundra Ecosystems

Recent change of Arctic tundra ecosystems from a net carbon dioxide sink to a source

Nature ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 361 (6412) ◽  
pp. 520-523 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter C. Oechel ◽  
Steven J. Hastings ◽  
George Vourlrtis ◽  
Mitchell Jenkins ◽  
George Riechers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Arctic Tundra ◽  
Recent Change ◽  
Tundra Ecosystems

scholarly journals Diversity and distribution of Tardigrada in Arctic cryoconite holes

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Zawierucha ◽  
Marta Ostrowska ◽  
Tobias R. Vonnahme ◽  
Miloslav Devetter ◽  
Adam P. Nawrot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Ice Sheets ◽  
Arctic Tundra ◽  
High Arctic ◽  
Svalbard Archipelago ◽  
The Status ◽  
Cryoconite Hole ◽  
Secondary Consumers ◽  
Arctic Glacier ◽  
Tundra Ecosystems

<p>Despite the fact that glaciers and ice sheets have been monitored for more than a century, knowledge on the glacial biota remains poor. Cryoconite holes are water-filled reservoirs on a glacier’s surface and one of the most extreme ecosystems for micro-invertebrates. Tardigrada, also known as water bears, are a common inhabitant of cryoconite holes. In this paper we present novel data on the morphology, diversity, distribution and role in food web of tardigrades on Arctic glaciers. From 33 sampled cryoconite holes of 6 glaciers on Spitsbergen, in 25 tardigrades were found and identified. Five taxa of Tardigrada (Eutardigrada) were found in the samples, they are: <em>Hypsibius dujardini</em>, <em>Hypsibius </em>sp. A, <em>Isohypsibius </em>sp. A., <em>Pilatobius</em> <em>recamieri</em>, and one species of Ramazzottiidae. <em>H. dujardini </em>and <em>P. recamieri</em> were previously known from tundra in the Svalbard archipelago. Despite the number of studies on Arctic tundra ecosystems, <em>Hypsibius</em> sp. A, one species of Ramazzottiidae and <em>Isohypsibius</em> sp. A are known only from cryoconite holes. Tardigrade found in this study do not falsify the hypothesis that glaciers and ice sheets are a viable biome (characteristic for biome organisms assemblages - tardigrades). Diagnosis of <em>Hypsibius</em> sp. A, <em>Isohypsibius</em> sp. A, and species of Ramazzottiidae with discussion on the status of taxa, is provided. To check what analytes are associated with the presence of tardigrades in High Arctic glacier chemical analyses were carried out on samples taken from the Buchan Glacier. pH values and the chemical composition of anions and cations from cryoconite hole water from the Buchan Glacier are also presented. The current study on the Spitsbergen glaciers clearly indicates that tardigrade species richness in cryoconite holes is lower than tardigrade species richness in Arctic tundra ecosystems, but consists of unique cryoconite hole species. As cryoconite tardigrades may feed on bacteria as well as algae, they are primary consumers and grazers - secondary consumers of the decomposer food chain in this extreme ecosystem. </p>

Impact of burn severity on thermokarst initiation and expansion in Arctic tundra ecosystems

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaping Chen ◽  
Mark Lara ◽  
Fengsheng Hu
Keyword(s):  
Arctic Tundra ◽  
Burn Severity ◽  
Tundra Ecosystems
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