scholarly journals Supplementary material to "Simulating the effects of temperature and precipitation change on vegetation composition in Arctic tundra ecosystems"

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. van der Kolk ◽  
M. M. P. D. Heijmans ◽  
J. van Huissteden ◽  
J. W. M. Pullens ◽  
F. Berendse
Keyword(s):  
Arctic Tundra ◽  
Precipitation Change ◽  
Vegetation Composition ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Supplementary Material ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Tundra Ecosystems

Study of temperature and precipitation change in upstream mountain area of the Hexi inland river basin since 1960s

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 522 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lan Yong-Chao ◽  
Xiao Hong-Lang ◽  
Hu Xing-Lin ◽  
Ding Hong-Wei ◽  
Zou Song-Bing ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Precipitation Change ◽  
Mountain Area ◽  
Inland River ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Inland River Basin

The morphology of experimentally produced charcoal distinguishes fuel types in the Arctic tundra

The Holocene ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (7) ◽  
pp. 1091-1096 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleanor MB Pereboom ◽  
Richard S Vachula ◽  
Yongsong Huang ◽  
James Russell
Keyword(s):  
Arctic Tundra ◽  
Global Carbon Cycle ◽  
Fire Frequency ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Fuel Type ◽  
The Past ◽  
Primary Means ◽  
Forested Ecosystems ◽  
Global Carbon ◽  
Tundra Ecosystems

Wildfires in the Arctic tundra have become increasingly frequent in recent years and have important implications for tundra ecosystems and for the global carbon cycle. Lake sediment–based records are the primary means of understanding the climatic influences on tundra fires. Sedimentary charcoal has been used to infer climate-driven changes in tundra fire frequency but thus far cannot differentiate characteristics of the vegetation burnt during fire events. In forested ecosystems, charcoal morphologies have been used to distinguish changes in fuel type consumed by wildfires of the past; however, no such approach has been developed for tundra ecosystems. We show experimentally that charcoal morphologies can be used to differentiate graminoid (mean = 6.77; standard deviation (SD) = 0.23) and shrub (mean = 2.42; SD = 1.86) biomass burnt in tundra fire records. This study is a first step needed to construct more nuanced tundra wildfire histories and to understand how wildfire will impact the region as vegetation and fire change in the future.

scholarly journals Classifying multi-model wheat yield impact response surfaces showing sensitivity to temperature and precipitation change

2018 ◽  
Vol 159 ◽  
pp. 209-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Fronzek ◽  
Nina Pirttioja ◽  
Timothy R. Carter ◽  
Marco Bindi ◽  
Holger Hoffmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Response Surfaces ◽  
Precipitation Change ◽  
Impact Response ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation

scholarly journals Sensitivities of glacier mass balance and runoff to climate perturbations in Norway

2015 ◽  
Vol 56 (70) ◽  
pp. 79-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markus Engelhardt ◽  
Thomas V. Schuler ◽  
Liss M. Andreassen
Keyword(s):  
Mass Balance ◽  
Temperature Change ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Annual Runoff ◽  
Precipitation Change ◽  
Glacier Mass Balance ◽  
Northern Norway ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Southern Norway

AbstractThis study evaluates sensitivities of glacier mass balance and runoff to both annual and monthly perturbations in air temperature and precipitation at four highly glacierized catchments: Engabreen in northern Norway and Ålfotbreen, Nigardsbreen and Storbreen, which are aligned along a west–east profile in southern Norway. The glacier mass-balance sensitivities to changes in annual air temperature range from 1.74 m w.e. K−1 for Ålfotbreen to 0.55 m w.e. K−1 for Storbreen, the most maritime and the most continental glaciers in this study, respectively. The runoff sensitivities of all catchments are 20–25% per degree temperature change and 6–18% for a 30% precipitation change. A seasonality of the sensitivities becomes apparent. With increasing continentality, the sensitivity of mass balance and runoff to temperature perturbations during summer increases, and the sensitivity of annual runoff to both temperature and precipitation perturbations is constricted towards changes during the ablation period. Comparing sensitivities in northern and southern Norway, as well as the variability across southern Norway, reveals that continentality influences sensitivities more than latitude does.

scholarly journals Specimen-based analysis of morphology and the environment in ecologically dominant grasses: the power of the herbarium

2018 ◽  
Vol 374 (1763) ◽  
pp. 20170403 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine A. McAllister ◽  
Michael R. McKain ◽  
Mao Li ◽  
Bess Bookout ◽  
Elizabeth A. Kellogg
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Automated Image Analysis ◽  
Climate Variables ◽  
Theme Issue ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Sessile Spikelet ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Image Analysis Techniques

Herbaria contain a cumulative sample of the world's flora, assembled by thousands of people over centuries. To capitalize on this resource, we conducted a specimen-based analysis of a major clade in the grass tribe Andropogoneae, including the dominant species of the world's grasslands in the genera Andropogon , Schizachyrium , Hyparrhenia and several others. We imaged 186 of the 250 named species of the clade, georeferenced the specimens and extracted climatic variables for each. Using semi- and fully automated image analysis techniques, we extracted spikelet morphological characters and correlated these with environmental variables. We generated chloroplast genome sequences to correct for phylogenetic covariance and here present a new phylogeny for 81 of the species. We confirm and extend earlier studies to show that Andropogon and Schizachyrium are not monophyletic. In addition, we find all morphological and ecological characters are homoplasious but variable among clades. For example, sessile spikelet length is positively correlated with awn length when all accessions are considered, but when separated by clade, the relationship is positive for three sub-clades and negative for three others. Climate variables showed no correlation with morphological variation in the spikelet pair; only very weak effects of temperature and precipitation were detected on macrohair density. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Biological collections for understanding biodiversity in the Anthropocene'.

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