Review for "In vitro assessment of antimicrobial efficacy of the D‐tagatose and lactobacilli based synbiotic preparations against the pathogenic Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium"

Abstract Background In the wake of emergence of antimicrobial resistance, bioactive phytochemical compounds are proving to be important therapeutic agents. The present study envisaged in silico molecular docking as well as in vitro antimicrobial efficacy screening of identified phytochemical ligands to the dispersin (aap) and outer membrane osmoporin (OmpC) domains of enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (EAEC) and non-typhoidal Salmonella spp. (NTS), respectively. Materials and methods The evaluation of drug-likeness, molecular properties, and bioactivity of the identified phytocompounds (thymol, carvacrol, and cinnamaldehyde) was carried out using Swiss ADME, while Protox-II and StopTox servers were used to identify its toxicity. The in silico molecular docking of the phytochemical ligands with the protein motifs of dispersin (PDB ID: 2jvu) and outer membrane osmoporin (PDB ID: 3uu2) were carried out using AutoDock v.4.20. Further, the antimicrobial efficacy of these compounds against multi-drug resistant EAEC and NTS strains was determined by estimating the minimum inhibitory concentrations and minimum bactericidal concentrations. Subsequently, these phytochemicals were subjected to their safety (sheep and human erythrocytic haemolysis) as well as stability (cationic salts, and pH) assays. Results All the three identified phytochemicals ligands were found to be zero violators of Lipinski’s rule of five and exhibited drug-likeness. The compounds tested were categorized as toxicity class-4 by Protox-II and were found to be non- cardiotoxic by StopTox. The docking studies employing 3D model of dispersin and ompC motifs with the identified phytochemical ligands exhibited good binding affinity. The identified phytochemical compounds were observed to be comparatively stable at different conditions (cationic salts, and pH); however, a concentration-dependent increase in the haemolytic assay was observed against sheep as well as human erythrocytes. Conclusions In silico molecular docking studies provided useful insights to understand the interaction of phytochemical ligands with protein motifs of pathogen and should be used routinely before the wet screening of any phytochemicals for their antibacterial, stability, and safety aspects.

Download Full-text

In Vitro Inhibition of the Growth of Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli 0157:H7 by Bacteria Isolated from the Cecal Contents of Adult Chickens

Journal of Food Protection ◽

10.4315/0362-028x-54.7.496 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 54 (7) ◽

pp. 496-501 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

ARTHUR HINTON ◽

GEORGE E. SPATES ◽

DONALD E. CORRIER ◽

MICHAEL E. HUME ◽

JOHN R. DELOACH ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Lactic Acid ◽

Salmonella Typhimurium ◽

Mixed Cultures ◽

Enterococcus Durans ◽

E Coli ◽

Pure Cultures ◽

In Vitro Inhibition ◽

Lactic Acids

A Veillonella species and Enterococcus durans were isolated from the cecal contents of adult broilers. Mixed cultures of Veillonella and E. durans inhibited the growth of Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli 0157:H7 on media containing 2.5% lactose (w/v). The growth of S. typhimurium or E. coli 0157:H7 was not inhibited by mixed cultures containing Veillonella and E. durans on media containing only 0.25% lactose or by pure cultures of Veillonella or E. durans on media containing either 0.25% or 2.5% lactose. The mixed cultures of Veillonella and E. durans produced significantly (P<0.05) more acetic, propionic, and lactic acids in media containing 2.5% lactose than in media containing 0.25% lactose. The inhibition of the enteropathogens was related to the production of lactic acid from lactose by the E. durans and the production of acetic and propionic acids from lactic acid by the Veillonella.

Download Full-text

Lactic Acid Bacteria (Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophillus) in Yogurt Inhibit the Growth of Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, and Shigella sp. In Vitro

Jurnal Kedokteran Brawijaya ◽

10.21776/ub.jkb.2021.031.04.2 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 31 (4) ◽

pp. 2

Author(s):

IDSAP Peramiarti

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Lactic Acid ◽

Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽

Salmonella Typhimurium ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Test Method ◽

P Value ◽

E Coli ◽

Significant Difference

Diarrhea is defecation with a frequency more often than usual (three times or more) a day (10 mL/kg/day) with a soft or liquid consistency, even in the form of water alone. Pathogenic bacteria, such as Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, and Shigella sp., play a role in many cases, to which antibiotics are prescribed as the first-line therapy. However, since antibiotic resistance cases are often found, preventive therapies are needed, such as consuming yogurt, which is produced through a fermentation process by lactic acid bacteria (LAB). This research aimed to determine the activity of lactic acid bacteria (Liactobacillus bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus) in yogurt in inhibiting the growth of the pathogenic bacteria E. coli, S. typhimurium, and Shigella sp. The research applied in vitro with the liquid dilution test method and the true experimental design research method with post-test-only and control group design. The design was used to see the inhibitory effect of yogurt LAB on the growth of E. coli, S. typhimurium, and Shigell sp. to compare the effect of several different yogurt concentrations, namely 20%, 40%, 60%, and 80%. The results of the Least Significance Different analysis showed that there was a significant difference between yogurt with a concentration of 0% and that with various concentrations in inhibiting the growth of E. coli, S. typhimurium, and Shigella sp. with a p-value of <0.05. Whereas, there was no significant difference in the various concentrations of yogurt in inhibiting the growth of the three kinds of bacteria with a p-value of > 0.05.

Download Full-text