scholarly journals Plasmacytoid dendritic cell and functional HIV Gag p55-specific T cells before treatment interruption can inform set-point plasma HIV viral load after treatment interruption in chronically suppressed HIV-1+patients

Immunology ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 145 (3) ◽  
pp. 380-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanouil Papasavvas ◽  
Andrea Foulkes ◽  
Xiangfan Yin ◽  
Jocelin Joseph ◽  
Brian Ross ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Viral Load ◽  
Dendritic Cell ◽  
Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cell ◽  
Treatment Interruption ◽  
Hiv Viral Load ◽  
Set Point ◽  
Hiv 1

scholarly journals Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1)-Specific CD8+ TEMRA Cells in Early Infection Are Linked to Control of HIV-1 Viremia and Predict the Subsequent Viral Load Set Point

2007 ◽  
Vol 81 (11) ◽  
pp. 5759-5765 ◽  
Author(s):  
John W. Northfield ◽  
Christopher P. Loo ◽  
Jason D. Barbour ◽  
Gerald Spotts ◽  
Frederick M. Hecht ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Viral Load ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Absolute Number ◽  
T Cell Response ◽  
Effector Memory ◽  
Set Point ◽  
Effector Memory T Cells ◽  
Viral Load Set Point ◽  
Hiv 1

ABSTRACT CD8+ T cells are believed to play an important role in the control of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection. However, despite intensive efforts, it has not been possible to consistently link the overall magnitude of the CD8+ T-cell response with control of HIV-1. Here, we have investigated the association of different CD8+ memory T-cell subsets responding to HIV-1 in early infection with future control of HIV-1 viremia. Our results demonstrate that both a larger proportion and an absolute number of HIV-1-specific CD8+ CCR7− CD45RA+ effector memory T cells (TEMRA cells) were associated with a lower future viral load set point. In contrast, a larger absolute number of HIV-1-specific CD8+ CCR7− CD45RA− effector memory T cells (TEM) was not related to the viral load set point. Overall, the findings suggest that CD8+ TEMRA cells have superior antiviral activity and indicate that both qualitative and quantitative aspects of the CD8+ T-cell response need to be considered when defining the characteristics of protective immunity to HIV-1.

scholarly journals Characteristics of Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cell and CD4+ T Cell in HIV Elite Controllers

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Philippe Herbeuval ◽  
Nikaïa Smith ◽  
Jacques Thèze
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Viral Load ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Cd4 T Cells ◽  
Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cell ◽  
Cd4 T Cell ◽  
Cell Depletion ◽  
T Cell Depletion ◽  
Hiv Controllers ◽  
Hiv 1

Despite variability, the majority of HIV-1-infected individuals progress to AIDS characterized by high viral load and massive CD4+ T-cell depletion. However, there is a subset of HIV-1-positive individuals that does not progress and spontaneously maintains an undetectable viral load. This infrequent patient population is defined as HIV-1 controllers (HIV controllers), and represents less than 1% of HIV-1-infected patients. HIV-1-specific CD4+ T cells and the pool of central memory CD4+ T cells are also preserved despite immune activation due to HIV-1 infection. The majority of HIV controllers are also defined by the absence of massive CD4+ T-cell depletion, even after 10 years of infection. However, the mechanisms involved in protection against HIV-1 disease progression have not been elucidated yet. Controllers represent a heterogeneous population; we describe in this paper some common characteristics concerning innate immune response and CD4+ T cells of HIV controllers.

scholarly journals A flexible nonlinear mixed effects model for HIV viral load rebound after treatment interruption

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (15) ◽  
pp. 2051-2066 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rui Wang ◽  
Ante Bing ◽  
Cathy Wang ◽  
Yuchen Hu ◽  
Ronald J. Bosch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Load ◽  
Treatment Interruption ◽  
Mixed Effects ◽  
Mixed Effects Model ◽  
Nonlinear Mixed Effects ◽  
Hiv Viral Load ◽  
Nonlinear Mixed Effects Model ◽  
Viral Load Rebound

scholarly journals Dynamics and Correlates of CD8 T-Cell Counts in Africans with Primary Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Infection

2016 ◽  
Vol 90 (22) ◽  
pp. 10423-10430 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather A. Prentice ◽  
Hailin Lu ◽  
Matthew A. Price ◽  
Anatoli Kamali ◽  
Etienne Karita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Viral Load ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Human Leukocyte ◽  
Neutralizing Antibody ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Supporting Evidence ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Cellular And Humoral Immunity ◽  
Hiv 1

ABSTRACT In individuals with HIV-1 infection, depletion of CD4 + T cells is often accompanied by a malfunction of CD8 + T cells that are persistently activated and/or exhausted. While the dynamics and correlates of CD4 counts have been well documented, the same does not apply to CD8 counts. Here, we examined the CD8 counts in a cohort of 497 Africans with primary HIV-1 infection evaluated in monthly to quarterly follow-up visits for up to 3 years in the absence of antiretroviral therapy. Statistical models revealed that (i) CD8 counts were relatively steady in the 3- to 36-month period of infection and similar between men and women; (ii) neither geography nor heterogeneity in the HIV-1 set-point viral load could account for the roughly 10-fold range of CD8 counts in the cohort ( P > 0.25 in all tests); and (iii) factors independently associated with relatively high CD8 counts included demographics (age ≤ 40 years, adjusted P = 0.010) and several human leukocyte antigen class I (HLA-I) alleles, including HLA-A*03:01 ( P = 0.013), B*15:10 ( P = 0.007), and B*58:02 ( P < 0.001). Multiple sensitivity analyses provided supporting evidence for these novel relationships. Overall, these findings suggest that factors associated with the CD8 count have little overlap with those previously reported for other HIV-1-related outcome measures, including viral load, CD4 count, and CD4/CD8 ratio. IMPORTANCE Longitudinal data from 497 HIV-1 seroconverters allowed us to systematically evaluate the dynamics and correlates of CD8 + T-cell counts during untreated primary HIV-1 infection in eastern and southern Africans. Our findings suggest that individuals with certain HLA-I alleles, including A*03 (exclusively A*03:01), persistently maintain relatively high CD8 counts following HIV-1 infection, a finding which may offer an intriguing explanation for the recently reported, negative association of A*03 with HIV-1-specific, broadly neutralizing antibody responses. In future studies, attention to HLA-I genotyping data may benefit in-depth understanding of both cellular and humoral immunity, as well as the intrinsic balances of these types of immunity, especially in settings where there is emerging evidence of antagonism between the two arms of adaptive immunity.

scholarly journals Frequencies of circulating Th1-biased T follicular helper cells in acute HIV-1 infection correlate with the development of HIV-specific antibody responses and lower set point viral load

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omolara Baiyegunhi ◽  
Bongiwe Ndlovu ◽  
Funsho Ogunshola ◽  
Nasreen Ismail ◽  
Bruce D. Walker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Load ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Acute Infection ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Set Point ◽  
Follicular Helper ◽  
Clade C ◽  
Acute Hiv ◽  
Anti Hiv ◽  
Hiv 1

AbstractDespite decades of focused research, the field has yet to develop a prophylactic vaccine. In the RV144 vaccine trial, non-neutralizing antibody responses were identified as a correlate for prevention of HIV acquisition. However, factors that predict the development of such antibodies are not fully elucidated. We sought to define the contribution of circulating T follicular helper (cTfh) cell subsets to the development of non-neutralizing antibodies in HIV-1 clade C infection. Study participants were recruited from an acute HIV-1 clade C infection cohort. Plasma anti-gp41, -gp120, -p24 and -p17 antibodies were screened using a customized multivariate Luminex assay. Phenotypic and functional characterization of cTfh were performed using HLA class II tetramers and intracellular cytokine staining. In this study, we found that acute HIV-1 clade C infection skewed differentiation of functional cTfh subsets towards increased Tfh1 (p=0.02) and Tfh2 (p<0.0001) subsets, with a concomitant decrease in overall Tfh1-17 (that shares both Tfh1 and Tfh17 properties) (p=0.01) and Tfh17 subsets (p<0.0001) compared to HIV negative subjects. Interestingly, the frequencies of Tfh1 during acute infection (5.0-8.0 weeks post-infection) correlated negatively with set point viral load (p=0.03, r=-60) and were predictive of p24-specific plasma IgG titers at one year of infection (p=0.003, r=0.85). Taken together, our results suggest that circulating the Tfh1 subset plays an important role in the development of anti-HIV antibody responses and contributes to HIV suppression during acute HIV-1 infection. These results have implications for vaccine studies aimed at inducing long lasting anti-HIV antibody responses.ImportanceThe HIV epidemic in southern Africa accounts for almost half of the global HIV burden with HIV-1 clade C being the predominant strain. It is therefore important to define immune correlates of clade C HIV control that might have implications for vaccine design in this region. T follicular helper (Tfh) cells are critical for the development of HIV-specific antibody responses and could play a role in viral control. Here we showed that the early induction of circulating Tfh1 cells during acute infection correlated positively with the magnitude of p24-specific IgG and was associated with lower set point viral load. This study highlights a key Tfh cell subset that could limit HIV replication by enhancing antibody generation. This study underscores the importance of circulating Tfh cells in promoting non-neutralizing antibodies during HIV-1 infection.

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