scholarly journals Spatial‐temporal distribution and sequence diversity of group a human respiratory syncytial viruses in Kenya preceding the emergence of ON1 genotype

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Wangui ◽  
D. James Nokes ◽  
Victor A. Mobegi ◽  
James R. Otieno ◽  
Charles N. Agoti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Sequence Diversity ◽  
Group A ◽  
Respiratory Syncytial Viruses

scholarly journals SPATIAL-TEMPORAL DISTRIBUTION AND SEQUENCE DIVERSITY OF GROUP A HUMAN RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUSES IN KENYA PRECEDING THE EMERGENCE OF ON1 GENOTYPE

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
JULIA WANGUI ◽  
David Nokes ◽  
Victor Mobegi ◽  
James Otieno ◽  
Charles Agoti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Severe Pneumonia ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
Haplotype Network ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Group A ◽  
One Step ◽  
Respiratory Syncytial Viruses ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Syncytial Virus

Background: Human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) is a major cause of severe viral acute respiratory illness and contributes significantly to severe pneumonia cases in Africa. Little is known about its spatial-temporal distribution as defined by its genetic diversity. Methods: A retrospective study conducted utilizing archived nasopharyngeal specimens from patients attending outpatient clinics in hospitals located in five demographically and climatically distinct regions of Kenya; Coast, Western, Highlands, Eastern and Nairobi. The viral total RNA was extracted and tested using multiplex real time RT-PCR (reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction). A segment of the G-gene was amplified using one-step RT-PCR and sequenced by Sanger di-deoxy method. Bayesian analysis of phylogeny was utilized and subsequently median joining methods for haplotype network reconstruction. Results: Three genotypes of HRSVA were detected; GA5 (14.0%), GA2 (33.1%) and NA1 (52.9%). HRSVA prevalence varied by location from 33% to 13.2% in the Highlands and the Eastern regions respectively. The mean nucleotide diversity (Pi(π)) varied by genotype: highest of 0.018 for GA5 and lowest of 0.005 for NA1. A total of 58 haplotypes were identified (GA5 10; GA2 20; NA1 28). These haplotypes were introduced into the population locally by single haplotypes and additional subsidiary seeds amongst the GA2 and the NA1 haplotypes. Conclusions: HRSVA was found across all the regions throughout the study period and comprised three genotypes; GA5, GA2 and NA1 genotypes. The genotypes were disproportionately distributed across the regions with GA5 gradually increasing towards the Western zones and decreasing towards the Eastern zones of the country.

Antigenic and genetic variability of human respiratory syncytial viruses (group A) isolated in Uruguay and Argentina: 1993-2001

2003 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 305-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Frabasile ◽  
Adriana Delfraro ◽  
Luj�n Facal ◽  
Cristina Videla ◽  
M�nica Galiano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Group A ◽  
Respiratory Syncytial Viruses

Genetic variability of group A and B human respiratory syncytial viruses isolated from 3 provinces in China

2007 ◽  
Vol 152 (8) ◽  
pp. 1425-1434 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Zhang ◽  
W. Xu ◽  
K. Shen ◽  
Z. Xie ◽  
L. Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Group A ◽  
Respiratory Syncytial Viruses

scholarly journals Dynamics of atmospheric 131I in radioactive plumes in eastern Japan immediately after the Fukushima accident by analysing published data

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Haruo Tsuruta ◽  
Yuichi Moriguchi ◽  
Teruyuki Nakajima
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Fukushima Accident ◽  
Group A ◽  
Fukushima Daiichi ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Group B ◽  
Eastern Japan

Abstract The spatio-temporal distribution of atmospheric radioiodine immediately after the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant (FD1NPP) accident has not yet been clarified due to very limited observed data, compared with atmospheric radiocaesium data. Here, we first revealed that the ratios of 131I (decay-corrected to March 11, 2011) to 137Cs in radioactive plumes were divided into three groups (A, B, and C) by analysing all published data on atmospheric 131I concentrations independently measured immediately after the accident in eastern Japan. Groups A and C were found regardless of whether the measurement sites were located in eastern Fukushima or Kantou areas, while group B was observed only in the eastern Kantou area. The ratios in group A were approximately equal to 10 for the plumes on March 15, March 20, and on the morning of March 21, and those in group B were approximately 75 on March 16. Their possible sources were Unit 2 and/or Unit 3. In contrast, the ratios in group C were approximately equal to 360, much higher than those of groups A and B, and were observed from the afternoon of March 21 to March 25. These high 131I concentrations could be released after water supply to FD1NPP.

scholarly journals Genetic variability among group A and B respiratory syncytial viruses in Mozambique: identification of a new cluster of group B isolates

2001 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Roca ◽  
Mari-Paz Loscertales ◽  
Llorenç Quintó ◽  
Pilar Pérez-Breña ◽  
Neide Vaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Protein Gene ◽  
N Protein ◽  
Glycosylation Sites ◽  
Rsv Infection ◽  
Group A ◽  
Respiratory Syncytial Viruses ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
Group B ◽  
Vulnerable Adults

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the major cause of acute lower respiratory tract infection in children and vulnerable adults, but little is known regarding RSV infection in Africa. In this report, a recent RSV outbreak in Mozambique was studied and results showed that 275 of 3192 (8·6%) nasopharyngeal aspirates tested were RSV-positive by ELISA. RSV presents two antigenic groups (A and B) with a high genetic and antigenic variability between and within them. Analysis by a new RFLP assay of RT–PCR amplified N protein gene products showed a higher prevalence of group B RSV than that of group A (85% versus 15%). However, genetic variability of the G protein gene was higher among group A RSV strains. The frequency and pattern of glycosylation sites were also quite different between both groups. In addition, two different phylogenetic clusters of Mozambican viruses were found within each group, but only sequences from cluster B-I were relatively distinct from previously described isolates. The implications of such differences in the antigenic and immunogenic characteristics of each group are discussed.

scholarly journals Structural Diversity of Streptokinase and Activation of Human Plasminogen

2005 ◽  
Vol 73 (7) ◽  
pp. 4451-4453 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergio Lizano ◽  
Kenneth H. Johnston
Keyword(s):  
Structural Diversity ◽  
Sequence Diversity ◽  
Plasminogen Activation ◽  
Group A Streptococci ◽  
Polymorphic Region ◽  
Streptococcal Disease ◽  
Alternative Function ◽  
Group A ◽  
Human Plasminogen

ABSTRACT The β domain of streptokinase is required for plasminogen activation and contains a region of sequence diversity associated with infection and disease in group A streptococci. We report that mutagenesis of this polymorphic region does not alter plasminogen activation, which suggests an alternative function for this molecular motif in streptococcal disease.

A phylogenetic study of human respiratory syncytial viruses group A and B strains isolated in two cities in Japan from 1980-2002

2005 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuki Kuroiwa ◽  
Kazushige Nagai ◽  
Lisa Okita ◽  
Ikuko Yui ◽  
Tetsuo Kase ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Study ◽  
Two Cities ◽  
Group A ◽  
Respiratory Syncytial Viruses
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