scholarly journals SPATIAL-TEMPORAL DISTRIBUTION AND SEQUENCE DIVERSITY OF GROUP A HUMAN RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUSES IN KENYA PRECEDING THE EMERGENCE OF ON1 GENOTYPE

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
JULIA WANGUI ◽  
David Nokes ◽  
Victor Mobegi ◽  
James Otieno ◽  
Charles Agoti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Severe Pneumonia ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
Haplotype Network ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Group A ◽  
One Step ◽  
Respiratory Syncytial Viruses ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Syncytial Virus

Background: Human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) is a major cause of severe viral acute respiratory illness and contributes significantly to severe pneumonia cases in Africa. Little is known about its spatial-temporal distribution as defined by its genetic diversity. Methods: A retrospective study conducted utilizing archived nasopharyngeal specimens from patients attending outpatient clinics in hospitals located in five demographically and climatically distinct regions of Kenya; Coast, Western, Highlands, Eastern and Nairobi. The viral total RNA was extracted and tested using multiplex real time RT-PCR (reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction). A segment of the G-gene was amplified using one-step RT-PCR and sequenced by Sanger di-deoxy method. Bayesian analysis of phylogeny was utilized and subsequently median joining methods for haplotype network reconstruction. Results: Three genotypes of HRSVA were detected; GA5 (14.0%), GA2 (33.1%) and NA1 (52.9%). HRSVA prevalence varied by location from 33% to 13.2% in the Highlands and the Eastern regions respectively. The mean nucleotide diversity (Pi(π)) varied by genotype: highest of 0.018 for GA5 and lowest of 0.005 for NA1. A total of 58 haplotypes were identified (GA5 10; GA2 20; NA1 28). These haplotypes were introduced into the population locally by single haplotypes and additional subsidiary seeds amongst the GA2 and the NA1 haplotypes. Conclusions: HRSVA was found across all the regions throughout the study period and comprised three genotypes; GA5, GA2 and NA1 genotypes. The genotypes were disproportionately distributed across the regions with GA5 gradually increasing towards the Western zones and decreasing towards the Eastern zones of the country.

scholarly journals Characteristic Differences in Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction Products of Ovine, Bovine, and Human Respiratory Syncytial Viruses

1993 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 322-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard D. Oberst ◽  
Michael P. Hays ◽  
Jim F. Evermann ◽  
Clayton L. Kelling
Keyword(s):  
Reverse Transcription ◽  
Reaction Products ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Specific Primers ◽  
F Protein ◽  
Chain Reactions ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reactions ◽  
Respiratory Syncytial Viruses ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Syncytial Virus

In reverse transcription-polymerase chain reactions (RT-PCR) and DNA hybridizations using primers and an oligonucleotide probe to the fusion (F) protein mRNA of bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV), all the BRSV isolates and a goat isolate could be distinguished from prototype isolates of human respiratory syncytial viruses (HRSV) and ovine (sheep and bighorn sheep) respiratory syncytial viruses (RSV). However, RT-PCR amplifications with primers to sequences of the HRSV F protein mRNA resulted in amplified products of ≍ 243 bp if mRNA templates of subgroup A HRSV strains were present and slightly larger amplified products with subgroup B HRSV strains. No amplified products were observed in HRSV-primed RT-PCR with BRSV or goat or ovine RSV mRNA templates. Although the ovine RSV isolates were antigenically cross-reactive with the goat RSV, HRSV and BRSV isolates, they were not amplified with either HRSV- or BRSV-specific primers in RT-PCR. These results confirm previous immunological comparisons suggesting that some ovine RSV isolates should be considered as distinct respiratory syncytial viruses.

Polymerase chain reaction amplification and typing of rotavirus in environmental samples

1995 ◽  
Vol 31 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 371-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Gajardo ◽  
R. M. Pintó ◽  
A. Bosch
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Environmental Samples ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction Amplification ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Pcr Assay ◽  
Group A ◽  
Reaction Amplification ◽  
Stool Specimens ◽  
Polymerase Chain

A reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay is described that has been developed for the detection and serotyping of group A rotavirus in stool specimens and concentrated and non-concentrated sewage specimens.

scholarly journals Spontaneous Retroperitoneal Hematoma in COVID-19 Severe Pneumonia–Dual-phase Multidetector Computed Tomography (MDCT) Angiogram and Role of Radiologist

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vikash Kumar Gupta ◽  
Buthaina Mohammad Alkandari ◽  
Wasif Mohammed ◽  
Mohsen Ahmed Abdelmohsen ◽  
Mohammad Gaber Abdullah Mohammad
Keyword(s):  
Significant Risk ◽  
Severe Pneumonia ◽  
Retroperitoneal Hematoma ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Prophylactic Dose ◽  
Therapeutic Anticoagulation ◽  
Coagulation Tests ◽  
Polymerase Chain

AbstractStudies available in the literature have shown alterations in blood coagulation tests in severe cases of COVID-19 pneumonia, with a significant risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE). Since microvascular thrombosis is a well-known fact in COVID-19 disease, requiring therapeutic anticoagulation, low-molecular weight heparin (LMWH) in prophylactic dose is a part of the clinical management of hospitalized COVID-19 patients. In this scenario, we describe three cases of abdominal spontaneous retroperitoneal hematoma (SRH) in hospitalized reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)-confirmed COVID-19 patients.

scholarly journals Detection of Cherry leaf roll virus and Strawberry latent ring spot virus by one-step RT-PCR

2009 ◽  
Vol 45 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 140-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Kumari
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Roll ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Spot Virus ◽  
Cherry Leaf Roll Virus ◽  
One Step ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
The One ◽  
Ring Spot ◽  
Screen House ◽  
Xiphinema Diversicaudatum

A one-step reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) protocol was developed and used for the detection of <i>Cherry leaf roll virus</i> (CLRV) and <i>Strawberry latent ring spot virus</i> (SLRSV). The protocol was used to test infected screen house plants and also plants from orchards and vineyards where the vector (<i>Xiphinema diversicaudatum</i>) of SLRSV was detected from the soil. The one-step RT-PCR protocol is rapid and sensitive and has the potential to be used for the diagnosis of CLRV and SLRSV in routine diagnostic laboratories.

scholarly journals Semiquantitative one-step RT-PCR for simultaneous identification of human influenza and respiratory syncytial viruses

2007 ◽  
Vol 139 (1) ◽  
pp. 90-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. Sherry Chi ◽  
Fenglan Li ◽  
John S. Tam ◽  
Ruth Rappaport ◽  
Sheau-Mei Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Human Influenza ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
One Step ◽  
Respiratory Syncytial Viruses ◽  
Simultaneous Identification

scholarly journals Development of a Rapid Fluorescent Immunochromatographic Test to Detect Respiratory Syncytial Virus

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (10) ◽  
pp. 3013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trinh Thuy Tien ◽  
Hyun Park ◽  
Hien Tuong ◽  
Seung-Taek Yu ◽  
Du-Young Choi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Immunochromatographic Strip ◽  
Copy Numbers ◽  
Rsv Infection ◽  
Immunochromatographic Strip Test ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
Strip Test ◽  
Europium Nanoparticles

Human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is one of the most common viruses infecting the respiratory tracts of infants. The rapid and sensitive detection of RSV is important to minimize the incidence of infection. In this study, novel monoclonal antibodies (mAbs; B11A5 and E8A11) against RSV nucleoprotein (NP) were developed and applied to develop a rapid fluorescent immunochromatographic strip test (FICT), employing europium nanoparticles as the fluorescent material. For the FICT, the limits of detection of the antigen and virus were 1.25 µg/mL and 4.23 × 106 TCID50/mL, respectively, corresponding to 4.75 × 106 ± 5.8 ×105 (mean ± SD) RNA copy numbers per reaction mixture for RSV NP. A clinical study revealed a sensitivity of 90% (18/20) and specificity of 98.18% (108/110) for RSV detection when comparing the performance to that of reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), representing a 15% improvement in sensitivity over the SD Bioline rapid kit. This newly developed FICT could be a useful tool for the rapid diagnosis of RSV infection.

One-step reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction for the diagnosis of respiratory syncytial virus in children

2008 ◽  
Vol 148 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 115-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cesar Augusto do Nascimento ◽  
Andréa Lima Leal ◽  
Thereza Silva Souza ◽  
Cláudia Trigo Pedroso de Moraes ◽  
Priscila Comone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Reverse Transcriptase ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
One Step ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Syncytial Virus

scholarly journals An atypical case: RT-PCR-negative, sero-positive covid-19 patient

Pneumologia ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-114
Author(s):  
William Suriady ◽  
Andika Chandra Putra ◽  
Wiwien Heru Wiyono ◽  
Mohammad Fahmi Alatas ◽  
Bettia Bermawi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
False Negative ◽  
Severe Pneumonia ◽  
World Health ◽  
Diagnostic Process ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Atypical Case ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Health Organization

Abstract The novel coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), has become a public health emergency of international concern. The first confirmed COVID-19 case in Indonesia was announced on 2 March 2020, and later on, 11,192 confirmed cases were reported as of 3 May. The World Health Organization has stated that performing a real-time reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) specific for SARS-CoV-2 on specimens from the upper and the lower respiratory tracts, especially nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swabs, is the standard diagnostic procedure for COVID-19. In Indonesia, we also use other diagnostic tests, such as rapid antibody tests specific for SARS-CoV-2. Herein, we report an atypical case of COVID-19 and describe the diagnostic process, the clinical course, with progression to severe pneumonia on Week 3 of illness and the case management. We also try to highlight the possibility of false-negative RT-PCR tests.

scholarly journals Combating the Coronavirus Pandemic: Early Detection, Medical Treatment, and a Concerted Effort by the Global Community

Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zichao Luo ◽  
Melgious Jin Yan Ang ◽  
Siew Yin Chan ◽  
Zhigao Yi ◽  
Yi Yiing Goh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
Disease Diagnosis ◽  
World Health ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Sudden Loss ◽  
Difficulty Breathing ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Health Organization

The World Health Organization (WHO) has declared the outbreak of 2019 novel coronavirus, known as 2019-nCoV, a pandemic, as the coronavirus has now infected over 2.6 million people globally and caused more than 185,000 fatalities as of April 23, 2020. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) causes a respiratory illness with symptoms such as dry cough, fever, sudden loss of smell, and, in more severe cases, difficulty breathing. To date, there is no specific vaccine or treatment proven effective against this viral disease. Early and accurate diagnosis of COVID-19 is thus critical to curbing its spread and improving health outcomes. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is commonly used to detect the presence of COVID-19. Other techniques, such as recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA), loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR), and microfluidics, have allowed better disease diagnosis. Here, as part of the effort to expand screening capacity, we review advances and challenges in the rapid detection of COVID-19 by targeting nucleic acids, antigens, or antibodies. We also summarize potential treatments and vaccines against COVID-19 and discuss ongoing clinical trials of interventions to reduce viral progression.

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