Ordering and pricing decisions for perishable goods retailer with zero‐inventory and capital constraints

SUMMARY: The alleged perverse role of managerial incentives in accounting scandals, and the distinctive role of auditors in identifying and intervening in attempted earnings manipulation, highlight the importance of explicitly considering executive incentive plans by auditors in the auditing process. By empirically testing auditors' responses to CEO/CFO equity incentives in planning and pricing decisions using data from 2002 through 2009, we document compelling evidence that CFO equity incentives are positively associated with audit fees and CEO equity incentives are not statistically related to audit fees, suggesting that auditors perceive heightened audit risk associated with CFO equity incentives. Our further analyses reveal that the positive association between CFO equity incentives and audit fees is more pronounced in firms with weak internal controls, indicating heightened risk associated with CFO equity incentives in this setting perceived by auditors. JEL Classifications: G30, G34, M42, M52.

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Pricing Strategies of Logistics Distribution Services for Perishable Commodities

Algorithms ◽

10.3390/a11110186 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 11 (11) ◽

pp. 186

Author(s):

Tao Li ◽

Yan Chen ◽

Taoying Li

Keyword(s):

Dynamic Pricing ◽

Consumer Satisfaction ◽

Service Providers ◽

Time Constraints ◽

Optimal Pricing ◽

Pricing Strategies ◽

Pricing Model ◽

Logistics Service ◽

Distribution Services ◽

Perishable Goods

The problem of pricing distribution services is challenging due to the loss in value of product during its distribution process. Four logistics service pricing strategies are constructed in this study, including fixed pricing model, fixed pricing model with time constraints, dynamic pricing model, and dynamic pricing model with time constraints in combination with factors, such as the distribution time, customer satisfaction, optimal pricing, etc. By analyzing the relationship between optimal pricing and key parameters (such as the value of the decay index, the satisfaction of consumers, dispatch time, and the storage cost of the commodity), it is found that the larger the value of the attenuation coefficient, the easier the perishable goods become spoilage, which leads to lower distribution prices and impacts consumer satisfaction. Moreover, the analysis of the average profit of the logistics service providers in these four pricing models shows that the average profit in the dynamic pricing model with time constraints is better. Finally, a numerical experiment is given to support the findings.

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Joint Innovation Investment and Pricing Decisions in Retail Supply Chains with Customer Value

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13031309 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (3) ◽

pp. 1309

Author(s):

Jiali Qu ◽

Benyong Hu ◽

Chao Meng

Keyword(s):

Supply Chain ◽

Cooperative Game ◽

Customer Value ◽

Business Models ◽

Value Added ◽

Revenue Sharing ◽

Nash Bargaining ◽

Product Price ◽

Pricing Decisions ◽

Game Equilibrium

In the retail industry, customer value has become the key to maintaining competitive advantages. In the era of new retail, customer value is not only affected by the product price, but it is also closely related to innovations, such as value-added services and unique business models. In this paper, we study the joint innovation investment and pricing decisions in a retailer–supplier supply chain based on revenue sharing contracts and customer value. We first find that, in the non-cooperative game, equilibrium only exists in the supplier Stackelberg game. However, revenue sharing contracts cannot coordinate the supply chain in the non-cooperative game. By considering supply chain members’ bargaining power, we find that there exists a unique equilibrium for the Nash bargaining product. In addition, revenue sharing contracts can coordinate the supply chain and achieve the optimal consumer surplus. When the supply chain is coordinated, supply chain profit is allocated to the supply chain members based on their bargaining powers.

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Pricing decisions with different time sequences in a cross‐border dual‐channel supply chain

International Transactions in Operational Research ◽

10.1111/itor.12937 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Xue Chen ◽

Bo Li ◽

Simin An ◽

Yanran Li

Keyword(s):

Supply Chain ◽

Pricing Decisions ◽

Cross Border ◽

Dual Channel ◽

Dual Channel Supply Chain ◽

Time Sequences

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Coordinating Inventory and Pricing Decisions Under Total Minimum Commitment Contracts

Production and Operations Management ◽

10.1111/poms.13556 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Xiting Gong ◽

Youhua (Frank) Chen ◽

Quan Yuan

Keyword(s):

Pricing Decisions

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A system dynamics model for routing and scheduling of cross-dock and transportation in reverse logistics network of perishable goods

Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems ◽

10.3233/jifs-200610 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-17

Author(s):

Pezhman Abbasi Tavallali ◽

Mohammad Reza Feylizadeh ◽

Atefeh Amindoust

Keyword(s):

System Dynamics ◽

Reverse Logistics ◽

Logistics Network ◽

Routing And Scheduling ◽

Perishable Goods ◽

Decision Variables ◽

Proposed Model ◽

Reverse Logistics Network ◽

The Cross ◽

Space Requirements

Cross-dock is defined as the practice of unloading goods from incoming vehicles and loading them directly into outbound vehicles. Cross-docking can simplify supply chains and help them to deliver goods to the market more swiftly and efficiently by removing or minimizing warehousing costs, space requirements, and use of inventory. Regarding the lifetime of perishable goods, their routing and scheduling in the cross-dock and transportation are of great importance. This study aims to analyze the scheduling and routing of cross-dock and transportation by System Dynamics (SD) modeling to design a reverse logistics network for the perishable goods. For this purpose, the relations between the selected variables are first specified, followed by assessing and examining the proposed model. Finally, four scenarios are developed to determine the optimal values of decision variables. The results indicate the most influencing factors on reaching the optimal status is the minimum distance between the cross-dock and destination, rather than increasing the number of manufactories.

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