Middle Eastern Energy after the Iraq War: Current and Projected Trends

2003 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 126-147
Author(s):  
Anthony H. Cordesman
Keyword(s):  
Iraq War ◽  
Middle Eastern

scholarly journals Chemical Weapons in the Iran-Iraq War (1980-1988). 1. Iraq Preparing for Chemical War

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-64
Author(s):  
Supotnitskiy M.V. Kovtun V.A.
Keyword(s):  
Iraq War ◽  
Middle Eastern ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Chemical Weapons ◽  
Technical Documentation ◽  
Industrial Base ◽  
Chemical Agents ◽  
Third World Country ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Modern Chemical

The Iraqis became the first nation to use chemical weapons on the modern battlefield during the Iran-Iraq War (1980-1988). There are no general reviews and research available on this issue in Russian. It also puts the Russian researchers in an unequal position in comparison with their Western and Middle Eastern colleagues, who have such information from a wide range of sources. This lack of knowledge limits our ability to understand the secret mechanisms that trigger modern chemical wars in the Middle East. The analysis in the present study is based on different Western sources, UN and CIA materials. The article shows that Iraq – a third world country with the population of 16,3 million people in 1980-ies and relatively low educational level – could start its chemical weapons program only due to the Western aid and assistance (supplies of the precursors, technologies and technical documentation, education of specialists, diplomatic support ect). Only due to this assistance the Iraqi`s chemical weapons program could become successful. The industrial production of chemical agents and chemical munitions of various tactical purposes was established by the Iraqis in less than 10 years. By the end of the 1980-ies, the Iraqi chemists laid the foundations of the future research in the sphere of toxic chemicals. The industrial base for the production of CW have also been established. For Russia, the success of the Iraq`s chemical weapons program is a warning. It means that technically backward, but oil rich quasi-state can acquire chemical weapons in a few years with the clandestine support of the same «sponsors», and use it both for provocations and for conducting combat operations in the regions, vital for Russia`s interests.

scholarly journals Iran, Iraq, and the Legacies of War

2006 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 90-92
Author(s):  
Louise Gormley ◽  
David Armani
Keyword(s):  
Persian Gulf ◽  
Iraq War ◽  
Middle Eastern ◽  
Peace Building ◽  
Columbia University ◽  
International Affairs ◽  
White House ◽  
The Persian Gulf ◽  
The Sacrifice ◽  
Page Book

With the noble aims of conflict resolution and peace building, Lawrence G.Potter and Gary G. Sick have compiled an excellent collection of essays on“the war without winners” (p. 2). This remarkable publication, Iran, Iraq,and the Legacies of War, adds to Potter and Sick’s series of co-edited bookson Middle Eastern issues, namely, The Persian Gulf at the Millennium:Essays in Politics, Economy, Security, and Religion (Palgrave Macmillan:1997) and Security in the Persian Gulf: Origins, Obstacles, and the Searchfor Consensus (Palgrave Macmillan: 2002). Potter and Sick are two prominentscholars of international affairs at Columbia University. During theCarter presidency, Sick served as the principal White House aide for Iran onthe National Security Council. (Sick is well-known for his exposé All FallDown: America’s Tragic Encounter with Iran [Random House: 1985]).This 224-page book was written in the cautiously hopeful belief thatthe time has come for reconciliation to begin. It contains nine chapters plusPotter and Sick’s helpful introduction, which contextualizes the futile warthat shook the world. The Iran-Iraq war was one of the longest and costliestconventional wars of the twentieth century. Although the number ofcasualties is still in dispute, an estimated 400,000 were killed and perhaps700,000 were wounded on both sides (p. 2). The Economist commentedthat “this was a war that should never have been fought … neither sidegained a thing, except the saving of its own regime. And neither regime wasworth the sacrifice” (p. 2) ...

scholarly journals Ideology, Realpolitik, and US Foreign Policy

2013 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 578-581 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adeed Dawisha
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Iraq War ◽  
Middle Eastern ◽  
Bush Administration ◽  
World Politics ◽  
Us Foreign Policy ◽  
Public Intellectuals ◽  
Cambridge University ◽  
Counterfactual Theory ◽  
Distinguished Group

Explaining the Iraq War: Counterfactual Theory, Logic and Evidence. By Frank P. Harvey. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2011. 360p. $103.00 cloth, $29.99 paper.The Iraq War initiated by the Bush administration in 2003 was and perhaps continues to be an important episode in world politics, US politics, and the politics of the Middle East. The war also galvanized controversy among public intellectuals and broader publics, and generated strong opposition in many European and Middle Eastern countries. In Explaining the Iraq War, Frank P. Harvey offers an interesting analysis of the war and its causes, and does so in a way that raises broader questions about politics and about the scientific study of politics. We have thus invited a distinguished group of political scientists from a variety of subfields to review the book, both as an account of the Iraq War and as a contribution to political science more generally.—Jeffrey C. Isaac, Editor

scholarly journals The US policy toward the Islamic Republic of Iran during the Reagan administration

2016 ◽  
pp. 176-191
Author(s):  
Olesya Pavlyuk
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Reagan Administration ◽  
Iraq War ◽  
Middle Eastern ◽  
Peace Treaty ◽  
Gulf Region ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
The Us

The foreign policy approaches and methods of establishing bilateral relations between Washington and Tehran and the actual implementation of the US “containment” policy towards Iran are analyzed in the article. The author argues that the Middle Eastern vector of US foreign policy was formed according to the three security challenges in the region and Iranian involvement in them: the Iran-Iraq War 1980-1988, the Israeli invasion of Lebanon in 1982 and the kidnapping of American hostages in Beirut 1982. Background and progress of Iran-Iraq war were the result of striking contradictions between regional and world leaders in the Middle East. In fact, since the early 1980s. this military confrontation substantially affect the US relationship with IRI. In this context, the key point was the blatant US support of the Iraq and its government. Reagan administration continued the foreign policy of J. Carter and considered the Soviet Union as the greatest threat to the Gulf region, including through military intervention in Afghanistan and its close ties with radical countries like Libya and Syria. In the Middle East, the White House has focused its efforts on negotiations on a peace treaty between Israel and Egypt in 1978. Before the revolution in 1979, Iran was crucial to US interests in the Middle East. First, as a frontline state with an extended 2000-km border with the Soviet Union, as well as a springboard for American intelligence. In addition, Iran was one of the few Muslim countries to recognize Israel, and exported oil to it. However, the after the Islamic revolution, Iran became the periphery to US priorities in the region.

Ideology, Realpolitik, and US Foreign Policy

2013 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 584-586
Author(s):  
Bruce Gilley
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Iraq War ◽  
Middle Eastern ◽  
Bush Administration ◽  
World Politics ◽  
Us Foreign Policy ◽  
Public Intellectuals ◽  
Cambridge University ◽  
Counterfactual Theory ◽  
Distinguished Group

Explaining the Iraq War: Counterfactual Theory, Logic and Evidence. By Frank P. Harvey. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2011. 360p. $103.00 cloth, $29.99 paper.The Iraq War initiated by the Bush administration in 2003 was and perhaps continues to be an important episode in world politics, US politics, and the politics of the Middle East. The war also galvanized controversy among public intellectuals and broader publics, and generated strong opposition in many European and Middle Eastern countries. In Explaining the Iraq War, Frank P. Harvey offers an interesting analysis of the war and its causes, and does so in a way that raises broader questions about politics and about the scientific study of politics. We have thus invited a distinguished group of political scientists from a variety of subfields to review the book, both as an account of the Iraq War and as a contribution to political science more generally.—Jeffrey C. Isaac, Editor

Ideology, Realpolitik, and US Foreign Policy

2013 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 586-588
Author(s):  
Stephen M. Walt
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Iraq War ◽  
Middle Eastern ◽  
Bush Administration ◽  
World Politics ◽  
Us Foreign Policy ◽  
Public Intellectuals ◽  
Cambridge University ◽  
Counterfactual Theory ◽  
Distinguished Group

Explaining the Iraq War: Counterfactual Theory, Logic and Evidence. By Frank P. Harvey. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2011. 360p. $103.00 cloth, $29.99 paper.The Iraq War initiated by the Bush administration in 2003 was and perhaps continues to be an important episode in world politics, US politics, and the politics of the Middle East. The war also galvanized controversy among public intellectuals and broader publics, and generated strong opposition in many European and Middle Eastern countries. In Explaining the Iraq War, Frank P. Harvey offers an interesting analysis of the war and its causes, and does so in a way that raises broader questions about politics and about the scientific study of politics. We have thus invited a distinguished group of political scientists from a variety of subfields to review the book, both as an account of the Iraq War and as a contribution to political science more generally.—Jeffrey C. Isaac, Editor

Ideology, Realpolitik, and US Foreign Policy

2013 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 589-592
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Saunders
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Iraq War ◽  
Middle Eastern ◽  
Bush Administration ◽  
World Politics ◽  
Us Foreign Policy ◽  
Public Intellectuals ◽  
Cambridge University ◽  
Counterfactual Theory ◽  
Distinguished Group

Explaining the Iraq War: Counterfactual Theory, Logic and Evidence. By Frank P. Harvey. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2011. 360p. $103.00 cloth, $29.99 paper.The Iraq War initiated by the Bush administration in 2003 was and perhaps continues to be an important episode in world politics, US politics, and the politics of the Middle East. The war also galvanized controversy among public intellectuals and broader publics, and generated strong opposition in many European and Middle Eastern countries. In Explaining the Iraq War, Frank P. Harvey offers an interesting analysis of the war and its causes, and does so in a way that raises broader questions about politics and about the scientific study of politics. We have thus invited a distinguished group of political scientists from a variety of subfields to review the book, both as an account of the Iraq War and as a contribution to political science more generally.—Jeffrey C. Isaac, Editor

scholarly journals US Foreign Policy and Iconization of A Terrorist Through Hollywood Films: A Content Analysis of Afghan and Iraq War in Pre & Post 9/11 Movies (1995 To 2015)

2021 ◽  
Vol volume 05 (issue 2) ◽  
pp. 86-99
Author(s):  
Hafiz Azhar Hussain ◽  
Muhammad Majid Hamid Nasir ◽  
Muhammad Rawaha Saleem
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Content Analysis ◽  
Iraq War ◽  
Middle Eastern ◽  
Us Foreign Policy ◽  
The Other ◽  
Family Roles ◽  
Hollywood Films ◽  
The Us ◽  
Us Government

The study is about the cinematic representation of war on terror and explores the relationship between Hollywood productions and US foreign policy. It includes 14 Hollywood productions for cinema screen regarding Afghan and Iraq war during the era of 1995 to 2015. Content analysis of selected movies is done to find out how the ‘Other’ characters are presented on screen. The observation concludes that the Hollywood has hand in gloves with Washington to propagate the state agenda throughout the world. The image of enemy on cinematic screen is shaped and reshaped following the patterns which suit the US government as obvious in the case of Afghan and Iraq war. It is also found that the terrorist Middle Eastern and Afghan Muslim characters are mostly non-uniformed, covered head, armed, veiled, wearing upper/ jackets and wear in formal dresses. Moreover, they are iconized as animalistic, uncivilized, aggressor and have no family roles. On the contrary, the ‘Other’ characters which are supportive to American army are mostly presented as un-barbaric, civilized, defender and having family roles and they are mostly uniformed.

Ideology, Realpolitik, and US Foreign Policy

2013 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 581-583
Author(s):  
John Ehrenberg
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Iraq War ◽  
Middle Eastern ◽  
Bush Administration ◽  
World Politics ◽  
Us Foreign Policy ◽  
Public Intellectuals ◽  
Cambridge University ◽  
Counterfactual Theory ◽  
Distinguished Group

Explaining the Iraq War: Counterfactual Theory, Logic and Evidence. By Frank P. Harvey. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2011. 360p. $103.00 cloth, $29.99 paper.The Iraq War initiated by the Bush administration in 2003 was and perhaps continues to be an important episode in world politics, US politics, and the politics of the Middle East. The war also galvanized controversy among public intellectuals and broader publics, and generated strong opposition in many European and Middle Eastern countries. In Explaining the Iraq War, Frank P. Harvey offers an interesting analysis of the war and its causes, and does so in a way that raises broader questions about politics and about the scientific study of politics. We have thus invited a distinguished group of political scientists from a variety of subfields to review the book, both as an account of the Iraq War and as a contribution to political science more generally.—Jeffrey C. Isaac, Editor

scholarly journals Suspect Device: British Subsidised Theatre’s Response to the Iraq War, 2003-2011.

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Laurence Cotterell
Keyword(s):  
Iraq War ◽  
War On Terror ◽  
Middle Eastern ◽  
War Crimes ◽  
War Trauma ◽  
Cultural Materialism ◽  
Contemporary Theatre ◽  
Cultural Empathy ◽  
Wide Scale ◽  
Domestic Form

This thesis explores the most significant British subsidised theatre that was created in response to the Iraq War. Suspect Device: British Subsidised Theatre’s Response to the Iraq War, 2003-2011 looks to examine how British theatre’s contemporary forms became increasingly politicised and adapted to critique the material circumstances of a contentious Middle Eastern war. This work analyses the theatre of the Iraq war using Cultural Materialism and a range of postructuralist and postmarxist methodologies. Suspect Device investigates the key plays of the period in terms of their presentation of the politics of the initial invasion, as well as the ensuing issues of war trauma and the British soldier’s experience as a part of the coalition. The British domestic response to the publicised issues of new forms of prison, war crimes and the presentation of the victim is extrapolated in terms of contemporary plays. This thesis also explores selected plays for domestic youth created in response to the PREVENT strategy and how theatre became a contentious politicised instrument. The work examines how an apparent shortfall in cultural empathy for the victims of the war was understood and explained in terms of a theatre working within a climate of wide-scale commodification. Suspect Device investigates pivotal plays across a number of British locations and genres with the aim of establishing common trends and styles of form and content. It attempts to determine if the postmodern forms of contemporary theatre responded with a re-emergent sense of the material. There has been much work on theatre around the ‘War on Terror’ but, as yet, little that considers the Iraq War specifically and in terms of its response, commercialisation and domestic form.

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