Development and Validation of Schadenfreude Scale for Adolescents

The present study is based on the development of scale to measure schadenfreude in adolescents. The objectives of the study are twofold i.e., the development of an indigenous scale to measure schadenfreude among adolescents and to establish the validity of this scale. To achieve these goals, study comprised of two phases. Item pool was generated on the basis of literature as well as content analysis of the information obtained through focus groups and it was finalized through committee approach. Factor structure of the scale was determined by conducting Exploratory Factor Analysis (N=330). In Phase-II, psychometric properties of the scale were established by conducting Confirmatory Factor Analysis on an independent sample (N=320). Descriptive statistics, alpha reliabilities and item total correlations were computed. The final scale comprised of 28 statements with six domains included Rivalry, Negative Emotions, Unfairness, Worthlessness, Comparison Bias, and Helplessness. It is a measure schadenfreude among adolescents.

Translation of Postpartum Bonding Questionnaire (PBQ) In Urdu Language

Postpartum Bonding Questionnaire (PBQ) was widely used to measure the emotional thoughts of mothers towards the infant. Postpartum Bonding Questionnaire is helpful for the assessment of mother-infant bonding problems in mothers with postpartum depression. Therefore it is necessary to translated PBQ into Urdu language to make it understandable for Pakistani mothers. In the present study, Postpartum Bonding Questionnaire (PBQ) developed by Brockington et al. (2001) and revised by Brockington, Fraser and Wilson (2006) was translated for the assessment of mother-infant bonding problems in a sample of Pakistani postpartum mothers with postpartum depression. Four hundred postpartum mothers were screened on Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) and 150 depressed mothers of age range 18 to 45 years were selected to participate in the study through purposive sampling technique. PBQ was translated into Urdu using Back-translation method of Brislin (1976). The alpha reliability coefficients for the subscales of Postpartum Bonding Questionnaire Urdu –version were ranged from .33 to .93. Findings also showed that PBQ has satisfactory internal validity. The PBQ Urdu-version would be very useful for identifying problems of the mother-infant bonding in mothers with postpartum depression. In the future researches PBQ Urdu-version would also be useful for the researchers working in the same area.

Media Representation of Muslim Women in ‘Time’ & ‘Newsweek’: A Comparative Analysis within Feministic Perspective

This research study patently aims to examine media representation of Muslim Women within Feministic perspective by analyzing its content published in ‘Time’ and ‘Newsweek’ during the selected time period of 2011 – 2013. One of the main objectives of this study is to dig out the prevailing differences within overall coverage of both news magazines regarding the Muslim women. These differences are further studied in four different dimensions i.e. categories, slants, tones and themes. Basically, this is a census study (as the collected data was limited) where content analysis has been used as research methodology. Whereas, Z-score statistical test is applied for the analysis. In results, study reveals that there are slight differences between the way both magazines present the Muslim women. Both news magazines mainly highlight ‘Progressive women’ favorably; discuss Islam negatively; and Social Status of the Muslim women has mainly been highlighted throughout the designated time interval.

Power of Social Networking Sites in Bringing Social Change on the part of Youth through Digital Activism

The study attempts to explain the role of social networking sites in bringing social change through youth. The study used cause and effect research design in order to determine how social networking sites are affecting the trend of social protests. Data was collected from different professions, occupations and educational institutions of Punjab, Pakistan, through a well-developed questionnaire. To conduct the study, a sample size of 300 respondents was chosen to get accurate findings. Convenience sampling was used where the respondents were selected according to their availability and ease from a sample size of 300 respondents was selected. The findings of the study revealed that social networking sites are playing a significant role in bringing social change in a society, especially through youth, ranging from 21 to 25 years of age. Males are showing greater support to these protests. Moreover, governments do not get much involved in issues through social media; rather they try to use traditional means of involvement. It was also concluded that people who believe that protesting through social media is non-violent, show greater support in favor of it.

Effect of Sociocultural Attitude Towards Appearance and Self-Esteem on Body Image Dissatisfaction among Working Women

The main objective of current study was to find out the effect of sociocultural attitude and self-esteem on body image dissatisfaction among working women. Within the present study survey research design was used. The sample included working women (N = 250). Sample was approached through purposive sampling. Sociocultural Attitude toward Appearance Questionnaire (Schaefer et al., 2015), Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (Rosenberg, 1965) and Body Dissatisfaction Scale (Tariq & Ijaz, 2015) were used to collect data and access information from participants. The data was collected through standardized process and analyzed through SPSS-23 version. The findings indicated that sociocultural attitude have negative effect on body image dissatisfaction. Another finding indicated that self-esteem has negative effect on body image dissatisfaction among working women.

Effects of Pakistani TV Dramas on Social Behavior of Women

The basic goal of the study named “Effects of Pakistani TV Dramas on Social Behavior of Women” is to discover the cultivation effects of social issues/problems based Pakistani TV dramas on women of Bahawalpur. The researcher collects a sample of 300 women who live in Bahawalpur with different educational backgrounds by using purposive sampling. The researchers found that social issues based dramas have negative impact on women’s behavior moreover dramas are portraying the issues as exactly as they are prevailing in the society. The study describes that women get more information regarding social issues that are portrayed in the society”. It also illustrates that women believe dramas play an important role in the resolution of social issues and problem in the society.

Synchronization of Media Agendas between Social Media and Newspaper Websites: A Case Study of Within Day (AM vs PM) Inter Media Agenda Setting

Present study comprised of Ante Meridiem (AM) vs Post Meridiem (PM) intermedia agenda-setting between newspapers’ websites and twitter. Data regarding Turkish President’s visit to Pakistan has been collected from website of “The Nation” and “Twitter”. Study found significant synchronous correlation (X2Y2) between Twitter and The Nation during Post Meridian (PM) (r1= +0.472, r2= +0.841 and r3= +0.752). Reduced posting on Twitter and newspaper’ websites has been observed during AM time period. Finding depicts gradual content build-up (simultaneous basis) on Twitter and news websites during the PM time period. Finding indicates increasing integration between social media and news-websites due to synchronization. Vast majority of Twitter posts are based on clippings of newspapers stories or footages from news channels. In Pakistan tweets of politician, military representatives, and media persons are flashed as breaking news and the same is given coverage prominently on news-websites. The study has also observed consistent use of social media cells by political parties for pushing agendas on social media to get attention on other media outlets. Circular model for network journalism and simultaneous agenda setting has been proposed. Model elaborates how contents move in a circular way in network journalism environment.

Sectarian Conflict in Elite Newspapers of Pakistan: A Peace Journalism Perspective

Mass Media occupies a significant place in contemporary era of volatile changes and in a country like Pakistan, which is hovered by internal and external conflicts since its inception, it turns pivotal. The geo-strategic depth and ethno-political structure of the country has highlighted the sensitivity of media reporting and its implications on a wider scale. The ingrained private media outlets in 2000 have grown mature over the past 20 years. Yet the reporting dilemmas haunt the underdeveloped nation. The present study aims to explore the emerging sectarian unrest in the country and its coverage in elite English newspapers Dawn and The News over the years 22019, 2021 using census technique to examine the existence and frequency of war and peace frames by John Galtung, and thus finds the role of media escalatory in nature.

Effect of Social Comparison on Schadenfreude: Moderating Role of Interpersonal Jealousy among Adolescents

The study investigates the predictors of schadenfreude by studying the moderating role of interpersonal jea lousy. Firstly, the study intended to investigate the predictors of schadenfreude among adolescents university students. Secondly the study examined the moderating role of interpersonal jealousy between interpersonal jealousy and social comparison. In this regard, Social comparison leads towards schadenfreude and interpersonal jealousy were moderate their relationship at adolescent’s age. Participants comprised of 300 adolescent’s. Data was collected by administering schadenfreude Questionnaire, Batool, 2013. Interpersonal jealousy Questionnaire and social comparison Questionnaire. SPSS-20 has been used for data analysis. The study has been administered. Social comparison had positive correlation with Schadenfreude. Interpersonal jealousy had Positive correlation with Schadenfreude. Thus the Social comparison and interpersonal jealousy are positive analysts of schadenfreude.

Democratic Citizenship Education and its Practices in Social Studies’ Classrooms at Elementary School Level

The importance of democratic citizenship education in democratic states is beyond dispute. The general purpose of the study is to describe democratic citizenship education and its practices in social studies’ classrooms at elementary school level. The study is qualitative in nature and descriptive phenomenological research design is used for this study. The accessible population of the study is included all the social studies’ teachers of 83 boys’ public sector elementary schools in district Lahore. Purposive sampling is used for the selection of the sample in this study. The sample of the study is included 20 social studies’ teachers of 10 boys’ public sector elementary schools of district Lahore. Two social studies’ teachers, one from primary section (grade 1- 5) and one from elementary section (grade 6- 8) who are teaching social studies’ subjects are selected from 10 boys public sector elementary schools of district Lahore by using purposive sampling technique. Participant observation is adopted as a tool to observe classrooms of social studies teachers through a checklist of objectives. Data is analyzed by using SPSS (statistical package of social sciences) software. On the basis of results it is concluded that majority of the social studies’ teachers are emerging their competencies and need improvement regarding the development of democratic citizenship education at public sector elementary school level.