The basis of food selection in some estuarine fishes. Eels, Anguilla anguilla (L.), whiting, Merlangius merlangus (L.), sprat, Sprattus sprattus (L.) and stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus L.

1. Lethal limits of concentration are determined for lead, zinc and copper for the three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus L.). 2. The addition of calcium salts to solutions of lead nitrate or zinc sulphate reduces the toxicity of these salts to Gasterosteus. 50 mg. per l. of calcium (as nitrate or chloride) is sufficient to annul the toxicity of a 1 x 10-6 g. per c.c. solution of lead or a 2 x 10-6 g. per c.c. solution of zinc. 3. The reactions of the fish in the solutions with and without calcium are compared, and the respiratory symptoms are described with the aid of graphs illustrating the variation in respiration rate during the survival time. 4. It is shown that a running supply of "hard" tap water containing approximately 50 mg. per l. of calcium as calcium bicarbonate is harmless to the minnow, Phoxinus phoxinus (L.) and to the stickleback, when there is added to it the maximum amount of lead that it can hold in solution (7 x 10-7g. per c.c.). This concentration of lead in soft water is fatal to Gasterosteus in 38½ hr. 5. The same amount of calcium renders a 10 x 10-6g. per c.c. solution of lead harmless to the goldfish, Carassius auratus (L.). 6. It is concluded that, in the presence of sufficient calcium, the interaction between the lead, or zinc, and the mucus secreted by the fish does not take place. This conclusion was endorsed by experiments in vitro on the slime secreted by the eel, Anguilla anguilla (L.). 7. The application of these results to the pollution of natural waters by effluents from lead and zinc workings is briefly discussed.

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Ихтиологические исследования на НИС «Профессор Водяницкий» у побережья Крыма и в районе Филлофорного поля Зернова в осенний период (2010 г.) и некоторые новые сведения об ихтиофауне Чёрного моря

Труды Карадагской научной станции им. Т.И. Вяземского - природного заповедника РАН ◽

10.21072/eco.2021.16.04 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 38-48

Author(s):

С. А. Царин

Keyword(s):

Squalus Acanthias ◽

Sprattus Sprattus ◽

Hippocampus Hippocampus ◽

Merlangius Merlangus

После длительного периода отсутствия ихтиологических исследований на научноисследовательских судах Института биологии южных морей имени А.О. Ковалевского в Чёрном море (за исключением ихтиопланктонных съемок и прибрежных ловов на фелюге) они были проведены в 68-м рейсе НИС «Профессор Водяницкий» осенью 2010 г. Особый интерес представляют ихтиологические наблюдения в районе ботанического заказника Филлофорного поля Зернова, где аналогичные работы не проводились уже несколько десятков лет. В исследованиях были использованы удебные ловы, визуальные наблюдения и случайные поимки рыб. Впервые в этом Филлофорном поле поймана присоска пятнистая Diplecogaster bimaculata (Bonnaterre, 1788) на столь далеком расстоянии от берега, но при этом на глубине обычной для обитания вида. По современном видовому составу рыб Филлофорное поле Зернова можно охарактеризовать как относительно бедный район северо-западной части Чёрного моря. Трофическая цепь рыб представлена следующим образом: шпрот Sprattus sprattus (Linnaeus, 1758)→мерланг Merlangius merlangus (Linnaeus, 1758)→катран Squalus acanthias Linnaeus, 1758. В ихтиоцен поля Зернова входят как стайные пелагические виды – ставрида Trachurus mediterraneus (Steindachner, 1868), шпрот, так и придонные – мерланг, присоска. По сборам в этом районе уточнены максимальные размеры самцов черноморского мерланга – 18,8 см в эконом зонах бывшего СССР. В районе Батилимана отмечена самая глубоководная поимка морского конька Hippocampus hippocampus (Linnaeus, 1758) в Чёрном море.

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Spatial feeding patterns of herring (Clupea harengus L.), sprat (Sprattus sprattus L.), and the three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus L.) in the Gulf of Finland, Baltic Sea

ICES Journal of Marine Science ◽

10.1016/j.icesjms.2004.06.008 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 61 (6) ◽

pp. 966-971 ◽

Cited By ~ 42

Author(s):

Heikki Peltonen ◽

Mika Vinni ◽

Antti Lappalainen ◽

Jukka Pönni

Keyword(s):

Baltic Sea ◽

Gasterosteus Aculeatus ◽

Fish Fauna ◽

Clupea Harengus ◽

Gulf Of Finland ◽

Thermocline Depth ◽

Depth Range ◽

Calanoid Copepods ◽

Sprattus Sprattus ◽

The Gulf Of Finland

Abstract The pelagic-fish fauna in the Gulf of Finland, Baltic Sea was sampled by trawling and hydroacoustics in September 2002. Spatial and size/age-dependent patterns in the diets of herring (Clupea harengus), sprat (Sprattus sprattus), and the three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) were explored. At night the fish concentrated at thermocline depth but at dawn they scattered over a larger depth range. All three fish species fed on mesozooplankton but nektobenthos, for example, was scarce. In the eastern Gulf of Finland, where there is a strong freshwater inflow, the cladoceran Bosmina longispina was the dominant prey item, but it was also abundant in the diets of young-of-the-year (total length <10 cm) clupeids in the western Gulf of Finland. In these more saline western areas, calanoid copepods, especially Eurytemora affinis, were the most important prey for large (≥10 cm) clupeids. The large clupeids in particular, also fed on Temora longicornis. The diet of three-spined stickleback overlapped with that of the clupeids. However, Cercopagis pengoi, a recent arrival to the area, was much more abundant in the diet of stickleback than in the diet of clupeids.

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Differences in head shape of the European eel, Anguilla anguilla (L.)

Fisheries Management and Ecology ◽

10.1046/j.1365-2400.2000.00207.x ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 7 (4) ◽

pp. 349

Author(s):

J. M. Proman

Keyword(s):

Anguilla Anguilla ◽

European Eel ◽

Head Shape

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Chemically Contaminated Eel Fed to Pregnant and Lactating Mouse Dams Causes Hyperactivity in Their Offspring

International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research ◽

10.1024/0300-9831/a000288 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 86 (1-2) ◽

pp. 36-47 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Imen Dridi ◽

Nidhal Soualeh ◽

Torsten Bohn ◽

Rachid Soulimani ◽

Jaouad Bouayed

Keyword(s):

Open Field ◽

Early Life ◽

Home Cage ◽

Anguilla Anguilla ◽

Acetylcholinesterase Activity ◽

Female Offspring ◽

Significant Inhibition ◽

Standard Diet ◽

Early Life Exposure ◽

Cage Test

Abstract.This study examined whether perinatal exposure to polluted eels (Anguilla anguilla L.) induces changes in the locomotor activity of offspring mice across lifespan (post-natal days (PNDs) 47 – 329), using the open field and the home cage activity tests. Dams were exposed during gestation and lactation, through diets enriched in eels naturally contaminated with pollutants including PCBs. Analysis of the eel muscle focused on the six non-dioxin-like (NDL) indicator PCBs (Σ6 NDL-PCBs: 28, 52, 101, 138, 153 and 180). Four groups of dams (n = 10 per group) received either a standard diet without eels or eels (0.8 mg/kg/day) containing 85, 216, or 400 ng/kg/day of ϵ6 NDL-PCBs. The open field test showed that early-life exposure to polluted eels increased locomotion in female offspring of exposed dams but not in males, compared to controls. This hyperlocomotion appeared later in life, at PNDs 195 and 329 (up to 32 % increase, p < 0.05). In addition, overactivity was observed in the home cage test at PND 305: exposed offspring females showed a faster overall locomotion speed (3.6 – 4.2 cm/s) than controls (2.9 cm/s, p <0.05); again, males remained unaffected. Covered distances in the home cage test were only elevated significantly in offspring females exposed to highest PCB concentrations (3411 ± 590 cm vs. 1377 ± 114 cm, p < 0.001). These results suggest that early-life exposure to polluted eels containing dietary contaminants including PCBs caused late, persistent and gender-dependent neurobehavioral hyperactive effects in offspring mice. Furthermore, female hyperactivity was associated with a significant inhibition of acetylcholinesterase activity in the hippocampus and the prefrontal cortex.

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Demonstrating Nutrient Cost Gradients: A Brooklyn Case Study

International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research ◽

10.1024/0300-9831/a000210 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 84 (5-6) ◽

pp. 244-251 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Robert J. Karp ◽

Gary Wong ◽

Marguerite Orsi

Keyword(s):

Low Income ◽

Energy Content ◽

Food Selection ◽

The United States ◽

United States Department ◽

Micronutrient Deficiencies ◽

Caloric Density ◽

Low Income Families ◽

The Cost ◽

The Impact

Abstract. Introduction: Foods dense in micronutrients are generally more expensive than those with higher energy content. These cost-differentials may put low-income families at risk of diminished micronutrient intake. Objectives: We sought to determine differences in the cost for iron, folate, and choline in foods available for purchase in a low-income community when assessed for energy content and serving size. Methods: Sixty-nine foods listed in the menu plans provided by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) for low-income families were considered, in 10 domains. The cost and micronutrient content for-energy and per-serving of these foods were determined for the three micronutrients. Exact Kruskal-Wallis tests were used for comparisons of energy costs; Spearman rho tests for comparisons of micronutrient content. Ninety families were interviewed in a pediatric clinic to assess the impact of food cost on food selection. Results: Significant differences between domains were shown for energy density with both cost-for-energy (p < 0.001) and cost-per-serving (p < 0.05) comparisons. All three micronutrient contents were significantly correlated with cost-for-energy (p < 0.01). Both iron and choline contents were significantly correlated with cost-per-serving (p < 0.05). Of the 90 families, 38 (42 %) worried about food costs; 40 (44 %) had chosen foods of high caloric density in response to that fear, and 29 of 40 families experiencing both worry and making such food selection. Conclusion: Adjustments to USDA meal plans using cost-for-energy analysis showed differentials for both energy and micronutrients. These differentials were reduced using cost-per-serving analysis, but were not eliminated. A substantial proportion of low-income families are vulnerable to micronutrient deficiencies.

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