Observations on the status and distribution of the West African manatee in Cameroon

1996 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. M. GRIGIONE
Keyword(s):  
West African ◽  
The West ◽  
The Status

scholarly journals On the identity of Porcellana paivacarvalhoi Rodrigues da Costa, 1968 (Crustacea: Anomura: Porcellanidae)

2019 ◽  
Vol 59 ◽  
pp. e20195958
Author(s):  
Luciane Augusto De Azevedo Ferreira ◽  
Marcos Tavares
Keyword(s):  
Sao Paulo ◽  
West African ◽  
Junior Synonym ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Brazilian Coast ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
The West ◽  
Separate Species ◽  
Historical Case ◽  
The Status

Porcellana paivacarvalhoi Rodrigues da Costa, 1968, described from southeastern Brazil (São Sebastião, São Paulo), is morphologically similar to the eastern Atlantic P. platycheles (Pennant, 1777), and also to the west African P. africana Chace, 1956. The synonymy between P. paivacarvalhoi and P. platycheles was proposed by previous authors without examination of any specimens of P. platycheles, nor did they considered the morphological similarities between P. paivacarvalhoi and P. africana. This synonymy has been implicitly accepted without further analysis. The recent discovery of one male and two females syntypes of P. paivacarvalhoi has prompted new investigations into the status of P. paivacarvalhoi as a junior synonym either of P. platycheles or P. africana. Porcellana paivacarvalhoi is redescribed and illustrated based upon its lectotype herein designated. It is confirmed to be a junior synonym of P. platycheles; all evidence suggests that P. africana is a distinct, separate species. All previous records of P. platycheles from the Brazilian coast are reviewed. Its presence in southeastern Brazil in the late 1960’s most probably represents an historical case of human-mediated introduction by shipping activities. Porcellana platycheles did not manage to establish itself in São Sebastião, nor has it been recorded subsequently elsewhere in Brazil.

scholarly journals “The only language we speak really well”: the English creoles of Equatorial Guinea and West Africa at the intersection of language ideologies and language policies

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 (239) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kofi Yakpo
Keyword(s):  
West Africa ◽  
Language Ideologies ◽  
West African ◽  
Equatorial Guinea ◽  
Policy Options ◽  
Language Policies ◽  
Social Functions ◽  
The West ◽  
Linguistic Ideologies ◽  
The Status

AbstractThis article explores the nexus between language policies and language ideologies in Equatorial Guinea and West Africa. By analyzing spoken and written discourses in Spanish and Pichi, I identify a set of ideas and beliefs about Pichi and the semiotic processes by which they have emerged. The comparison of Pichi with Krio, Nigerian Pidgin, Cameroon Pidgin and Ghanaian Pidgin English shows that Pichi is the most disadvantaged of the West African English-lexicon creoles with respect to a number of sociolinguistic characteristics. I argue that linguistic ideologies about Pichi have contributed significantly to disregarding language policy options for elevating the status and extending the uses of Pichi in Equatorial Guinea. Pichi is nevertheless expected to expand its social functions by gradually conquering additional domains of use as has been the case with the other English creoles of West Africa.

scholarly journals Restructuring of the ‘Macaronesia’ biogeographic unit: A marine multi-taxon biogeographical approach

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rui Freitas ◽  
Maria Romeiras ◽  
Luís Silva ◽  
Ricardo Cordeiro ◽  
Patrícia Madeira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Canary Islands ◽  
West African ◽  
Current Concept ◽  
Decapod Crustaceans ◽  
The South ◽  
The West ◽  
Cabo Verde ◽  
The Status ◽  
Dispersal Abilities ◽  
Biogeographical Province

Abstract The Azores, Madeira, Selvagens, Canary Islands and Cabo Verde are commonly united under the term “Macaronesia”. This study investigates the coherency and validity of Macaronesia as a biogeographic unit using six marine groups with very different dispersal abilities: coastal fishes, echinoderms, gastropod molluscs, brachyuran decapod crustaceans, polychaete annelids, and macroalgae. We found no support for the current concept of Macaronesia as a coherent marine biogeographic unit. All marine groups studied suggest the exclusion of Cabo Verde from the remaining Macaronesian archipelagos and thus, Cabo Verde should be given the status of a biogeographic subprovince within the West African Transition province. We propose to redefine the Lusitanian biogeographical province, in which we include four ecoregions: the South European Atlantic Shelf, the Saharan Upwelling, the Azores, and a new ecoregion herein named Webbnesia, which comprises the archipelagos of Madeira, Selvagens and the Canary Islands.

scholarly journals The Quest for a Supranational Entity in West Africa: Can the Economic Community of West African States attain the Status?

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 254
Author(s):  
Jadesola O Lokulo-Sodipe ◽  
Abiodun J Osuntogun
Keyword(s):  
West Africa ◽  
Vice President ◽  
West African ◽  
Economic Community ◽  
The West ◽  
Course Of Action ◽  
The Status ◽  
Solid Foundation ◽  
Independent Commission ◽  
The Impact

To reflect the growing trends in the international scene and in furtherance of the objective of its Revised 1993 Treaty, the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) summit in December 2006 revolutionised the structure of ECOWAS by re-designating the Executive Secretariat into a quasi-independent commission headed by a President with a Vice President and seven commissioners. The rationale behind the revision was to make ECOWAS a supranational entity. This article considers whether or not a supranational system is essential for the attainment of ECOWAS' objectives. It asks if the conditions for an effective supranational system are in place in the West African sub-region which could provide a solid foundation for its success and why the quest for a supranational system has not yielded any fruitful result in West Africa. It argues that a retreat from the quest for supranationalism and a return to an inter-governmental system would be a retreat rather than the way forward, and expresses the need for the course of action to be sustained courageously till the impact of integration begins to emerge, and the disguised, patriotic impulse of states to protect their national sovereignty gives way to the full manifestation of ECOWAS as a supranational entity.

Food for Thought: Beer in a Social and Ritual Context in a West African Society

1980 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara L. Hagaman
Keyword(s):  
Social Context ◽  
Social Position ◽  
West African ◽  
African Society ◽  
Important Ingredient ◽  
The West ◽  
The Status ◽  
Ritual Context ◽  
Beer Drinking

The West African LoBir produce and consume beer in great quantities. This is because beer (called Dan) plays such a central role in the whole of LoBir life. After an overview of that life, more detailed description is given to show how beer is produced by women brewers; what role it plays in the LoBir diet; and particularly how beer is used as an important ingredient in social and ritual life. For all the beer drinking, not many people get evidently drunk; “getting drunk” is a familiar concept among the LoBir, and certain individuals excuse behavior that only they can exhibit anyway because of their social position. What is finally shown by this is that the prodigious use of beer in social context increases the status of both consumers and producers, but that its overuse can decrease status.

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