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2022 ◽  
Vol 2022 ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Jiamin Xu ◽  
Fuqin Kang ◽  
Wei Wang ◽  
Shujun Liu ◽  
Jianhui Xie ◽  
...  

Background. Clinical research found that TCM is therapeutic in treating gastric cancer. Clearing heat is the most common method, while some antirheumatic medicines are widely used in treatment as well. To explore the pharmacological mechanism, we researched the comparison between heat-clearing medicine and antirheumatic medicine in treating gastric cancer. Methods. First, related ingredients and targets were searched, respectively, and are shown in an active ingredient-target network. Combining the relevant targets of gastric cancer, we constructed a PPI network and MCODE network. Then, GO and KEGG enrichment analyses were conducted. Molecular docking experiments were performed to verify the affinity of targets and ligands. Finally, we analyzed the tumor immune infiltration on gene expression, somatic CNA, and clinical outcome. Results. A total of 31 ingredients and 90 targets of heat-clearing medicine, 31 ingredients and 186 targets of antirheumatic medicine, and 12,155 targets of gastric cancer were collected. Antirheumatic medicine ranked the top in all the enrichment analyses. In the KEGG pathway, both types of medicines were related to pathways in cancer. In the KEGG map, AR, MMP2, ERBB2, and TP53 were the most crucial targets. Key targets and ligands were docked with low binding energy. Analysis of tumor immune infiltration showed that the expressions of AR and ERBB2 were correlated with the abundance of immune infiltration and made a difference in clinical outcomes. Conclusions. Quercetin is an important ingredient in both heat-clearing medicine and antirheumatic medicine. AR signaling pathway exists in both types of medicines. The mechanism of the antitumor effect in antirheumatic medicine was similar to trastuzumab, a targeted drug aimed at ERBB2. Both types of medicines were significant in tumor immune infiltration. The immunology of gastric tumor deserves further research.


2022 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-48
Author(s):  
Adelcio Machado dos Santos

O lazer se converteu em formação social de relevância. A estratificação constitui ingrediente importante das sociedades modernas, e o lazer adotado pelas pessoas é influenciado por sua classe ou condição social, embora alguns possam argumentar que esta influência é atualmente menor do que no pretérito. O crescimento das organizações de turismo e de lazer contribuiu para modelar a forma como a maior parte das pessoas goza de seu lazer. De muitas maneiras se explica o significado de lazer, muitas das proposições sutilizadas são provenientes da Grécia antiga, de onde se delineia a mudança histórica do lazer a partir dos tempos medievais, especialmente no tempo disponível e na experiência do lazer em relação ao labor. O mesmo pode ser definido de três maneiras distintas, a saber: uma delas considera as vinte e quatro horas do dia e subtrai os períodos que não são de lazer, tais como: trabalho, sono, alimentação, atendimento às necessidades fisiológicas, etc.   Leisure has become a relevant social formation. Stratification is an important ingredient of modern societies, and people's leisure is influenced by their class or social status, although some might argue that this influence is currently less than in the past. The growth of tourism and leisure organizations has helped to shape the way in which most people enjoy their leisure. In many ways the meaning of leisure is explained, many of the subtlety propositions come from ancient Greece, where the historical change of leisure is outlined from medieval times, especially in the available time and experience of leisure in relation to work. It can be defined in three different ways, namely: one of them considers the twenty-four hours of the day and subtracts the periods that are not leisure, such as: work, sleep, food, meeting physiological needs, etc.


2022 ◽  
Vol 2022 (1) ◽  
pp. 013102
Author(s):  
Filiberto Ares ◽  
José G Esteve ◽  
Fernando Falceto

Abstract In this paper, we study the localized states of a generic quadratic fermionic chain with finite-range couplings and an inhomogeneity in the hopping (defect) that breaks translational invariance. When the hopping of the defect vanishes, which represents an open chain, we obtain a simple bulk-edge correspondence: the zero-energy modes localized at the ends of the chain are related to the roots of a polynomial determined by the couplings of the Hamiltonian of the bulk. From this result, we define an index that characterizes the different topological phases of the system and can be easily computed by counting the roots of the polynomial. As the defect is turned on and varied adiabatically, the zero-energy modes may cross the energy gap and connect the valence and conduction bands. We analyze the robustness of the connection between bands against perturbations of the Hamiltonian. The pumping of states from one band to the other allows the creation of particle–hole pairs in the bulk. An important ingredient for our analysis is the transformation of the Hamiltonian under the standard discrete symmetries, C, P, T, as well as a fourth one, peculiar to our system, that is related to the existence of a gap and localized states.


2021 ◽  
pp. 1-35
Author(s):  
Nils Springhorn

Abstract Need-based justice is an important ingredient for a pluralistic theory of justice. But how can need-based justice be measured? I will argue that need-based justice cannot be measured by measuring need-satisfaction. This is because need-based justice does not only depend on need-satisfaction, but also on opportunities to avoid or at least mitigate undersupply. Depending on these opportunities, one and the same degree of undersupply can be unjust to different degrees. In this article, I establish a number of desiderata that a measure of need-based justice has to comply with. Resulting measures treat avoidable undersupply as the main source of injustice.


Author(s):  
S. B. Kalse ◽  
A. A. Sawant ◽  
S. B. Swami

Cocoa butter is an important ingredient in the confectionery industry because of its unique physicochemical properties which are given by its peculiar fatty acid composition. Increasing demand and shortage of supply for cocoa butter, poor quality of individual harvests, economic advantages, and some technological benefits have induced for the development of its alternative or replacer. Kokum kernel is a byproduct of the agro-processing industry in India containing about 40–50 % fat which has the potential as a worthy cocoa butter alternative (CBA). However, inefficient extraction techniques that are practiced at the cottage level restrict its industrial applications.


2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 49-67
Author(s):  
Anjan Bharali ◽  
◽  
Chimun Kr. Nath ◽  

This study aims to find out if Advertising claims of credence goods can shape Placebo effect and lead to repurchase decisions or not. The concept of extrinsic factors of a brand being an important ingredient in consumer satisfaction is the antecedent for the study. Studies have been made to show how Advertisement helps products and services to sell more. But very few have tried to connect it with credence goods and know how consumers perceive satisfaction for those products. Further the phenomenonof repurchase decisions of credence goods is still unrevealed. On the basis of focus group technique,data has been collected for five brands which are considered as credence goods and an analysis has been provided to seewhether advertising claims can create Placebo effect or not. The analysis of the factors involved in taking repurchase decision of credence goods has also been studied by selecting variables taken as basis. The results indicate that Advertising claims of credence goods can lead to Placebo effect for those where consumers have strong urge for a positive result after using the brand. The rationality of a consumer influences the repurchase decision inversely. There is a strong connection between Placebo effect, Rationality and Repurchase decision of credence goods. Marketers thus have to be cautious while publishing claims of such goods


Rice ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert N. Spengler ◽  
Sören Stark ◽  
Xinying Zhou ◽  
Daniel Fuks ◽  
Li Tang ◽  
...  

AbstractRice is one of the most culturally valued and widely grown crops in the world today, and extensive research over the past decade has clarified much of the narrative of its domestication and early spread across East and South Asia. However, the timing and routes of its dispersal into West Asia and Europe, through which rice eventually became an important ingredient in global cuisines, has remained less clear. In this article, we discuss the piecemeal, but growing, archaeobotanical data for rice in West Asia. We also integrate written sources, linguistic data, and ethnohistoric analogies, in order to better understand the adoption of rice outside its regions of origin. The human-mediated westward spread of rice proceeded gradually, while its social standing and culinary uses repeatedly changing over time and place. Rice was present in West Asia and Europe by the tail end of the first millennium BC, but did not become a significant crop in West Asia until the past few centuries. Complementary historical, linguistic, and archaeobotanical data illustrate two separate and roughly contemporaneous routes of westward dispersal, one along the South Asian coast and the other through Silk Road trade. By better understanding the adoption of this water-demanding crop in the arid regions of West Asia, we explore an important chapter in human adaptation and agricultural decision making.


2021 ◽  
Vol 07 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zishan Ahmad Wani ◽  
Shreekar Pant

: Aconitum heterophyllum is a precious endemic medicinal plant of Northwestern Himalaya. It possesses a number of curative effects and is accounted for having diuretic, hepatoprotective, antipyretic, analgesic, antioxidant, alexipharmic, anodyne, anti-atrabilious, expectorant, immunostimulant, febrifuge, anthelminthic, anti- cancerous, anti-diarrhoeal, anti-emetic, anti-inflammatory, anti-flatulent, anti-periodic, anti-phlegmatic, anti-diabetic, antifungal, antimicrobial, antiviral and carminative properties. Further, it is an important ingredient of many Ayurvedic formulations. Its pharmacological potential may be attributed to of the presence of many biologically active phytochemicals like aconitine, mesaconitine, acetylaconitine, heterophylline A, and heterophylline B. Owing to its high therapeutic uses and market value, the plant is being exploited for its tubers from the wild. Further, there are some reproductive constraints due to which the population of the plant in the wild is waning at a rapid rate. Due to these factors, Aconitum heterophyllum has been categorized as critically endangered; demanding focused conservation strategies and cultivation efforts.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dongning Ren ◽  
Olga Stavrova ◽  
Wen Wei Loh

Social contact is an important ingredient of a happy and satisfying life. But is more social contact necessarily better? While it is well-established that increasing the quantity of social interactions on the low end of its spectrum promotes psychological well-being, the effect of interaction quantity on the high end remains largely unexplored. We propose that the effect of interaction quantity is nonlinear; specifically, at high levels of interaction quantity, its positive effects may be reduced (Diminishing Returns Hypothesis) or even reversed (Inverted U Hypothesis). To test these two competing hypotheses, we conducted a series of six studies involving a total of 161,836 participants using experimental (Study 1), cross-sectional (Studies 2 & 3), daily diary (Study 4), experience sampling (Study 5), and longitudinal survey designs (Study 6). Consistent evidence emerged across the studies supporting the Diminishing Returns Hypothesis. On the low end of the interaction quantity spectrum, increasing interaction quantity enhanced well-being as expected; whereas on the high end of the spectrum, the effect of interaction quantity was reduced or became nearly negligible, but did not turn negative. Taken together, the present research provides compelling evidence that the well-being benefits of social interactions are nearly negligible after moderate quantities of interactions are achieved.


2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (08) ◽  
pp. 140-149
Author(s):  
Parthasarathi a ◽  

Laboratory experimentation isan important ingredient of every undergraduate program in science education. The use of virtual and remote laboratories (VRLs) offers several benefits to students, teachers, and instructors. It can mitigate the high costs of procurement of apparatus in traditional labs and can support distance and blended learning. The recent outbreak of Covid-19 has resulted in isolating the students from labs which have made such online laboratories imperative even in the traditional offline education system. They offer a possible alternative to conventional hands-on labs. Such online mode imparts freedom to teachers as well as students to define their experimental goals and objectives. This paper tests the efficacy of the Virtual Labs platform for conducting simulated experiments onlinein the field of Optics. The learning outcome of the students who employ the same to simulate experiments online is analyzed. The main objective is to explore the limitations posed to the users of such an online lab platform in terms of designing the experimentsand visualization of the experiment results and offer suggestions to make such VRLs more efficacious, versatile, and user-friendly.


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