The status of the West African fish Gobius nigricinctus with reference to New World autochthones and an Old World colour-analogue

1978 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. MILLER
Keyword(s):  
New World ◽  
West African ◽  
The West ◽  
Old World ◽  
The Status

scholarly journals On the identity of Porcellana paivacarvalhoi Rodrigues da Costa, 1968 (Crustacea: Anomura: Porcellanidae)

2019 ◽  
Vol 59 ◽  
pp. e20195958
Author(s):  
Luciane Augusto De Azevedo Ferreira ◽  
Marcos Tavares
Keyword(s):  
Sao Paulo ◽  
West African ◽  
Junior Synonym ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Brazilian Coast ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
The West ◽  
Separate Species ◽  
Historical Case ◽  
The Status

Porcellana paivacarvalhoi Rodrigues da Costa, 1968, described from southeastern Brazil (São Sebastião, São Paulo), is morphologically similar to the eastern Atlantic P. platycheles (Pennant, 1777), and also to the west African P. africana Chace, 1956. The synonymy between P. paivacarvalhoi and P. platycheles was proposed by previous authors without examination of any specimens of P. platycheles, nor did they considered the morphological similarities between P. paivacarvalhoi and P. africana. This synonymy has been implicitly accepted without further analysis. The recent discovery of one male and two females syntypes of P. paivacarvalhoi has prompted new investigations into the status of P. paivacarvalhoi as a junior synonym either of P. platycheles or P. africana. Porcellana paivacarvalhoi is redescribed and illustrated based upon its lectotype herein designated. It is confirmed to be a junior synonym of P. platycheles; all evidence suggests that P. africana is a distinct, separate species. All previous records of P. platycheles from the Brazilian coast are reviewed. Its presence in southeastern Brazil in the late 1960’s most probably represents an historical case of human-mediated introduction by shipping activities. Porcellana platycheles did not manage to establish itself in São Sebastião, nor has it been recorded subsequently elsewhere in Brazil.

Systematics of Irvingiaceae and Ixonanthaceae (Malpighiales): phylogenetic analysis based on three plastid DNA loci

Phytotaxa ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 260 (2) ◽  
pp. 157 ◽  
Author(s):  
JAMES W. BYNG ◽  
BENEDETTA BERNARDINI ◽  
MAARTEN J. M. CHRISTENHUSZ ◽  
MARK W. CHASE
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Maximum Likelihood ◽  
Plastid Dna ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
West African ◽  
The West ◽  
Old World ◽  
The Past

Relationships of Ixonanthaceae and Irvingiaceae have been poorly known in the past. We therefore investigate the relationships of these families here. Plastid atpB, rbcL and ndhF sequences from taxa representing all genera were analysed using maximum likelihood. Allantospermum was found as sister to Irvingiaceae and does not belong to Ixonanthaceae where it was often traditionally placed. This position of Allantospermum in Irvingiaceae is further supported by numerous putative synapomorphic characters. Expanded species sampling in Ixonanthaceae found that African Phyllocosmus was embedded within a strongly supported clade containing American Ochthocosmus. A re-evaluation of morphological characters of the two supports an enlarged concept of Ochthocosmus. Within Irvingiaceae, the West African monotypic Desbordesia was embedded within a strongly supported clade of Old World Irvingia. These findings change circumscriptions of both Ixonanthaceae and Irvingiaceae.

African Health at Home and Abroad

1986 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 369-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip D. Curtin
Keyword(s):  
New World ◽  
West African ◽  
Annual Reports ◽  
The West ◽  
Disease Patterns ◽  
African Health ◽  
African Populations ◽  
Demographic Patterns ◽  
In Transit ◽  
At Home

In the nineteenth century, annual reports of European military medical authorities usually carried some such title as “The Health of the Army at Home and Abroad.” Though historians have recently studied the health of slaves in transit and the demographic patterns of slave populations in the New World, they have not paid much attention to these military data. For the West Indies they begin in 1803, for West Africa in 1810. After 1819, it is possible to trace the disease patterns of West Indian and West African populations in the last decades of the slave trade and on into the early twentieth century. These records help to show what happened epidemiologically to populations of African descent that crossed the Atlantic in both directions.

scholarly journals “The only language we speak really well”: the English creoles of Equatorial Guinea and West Africa at the intersection of language ideologies and language policies

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 (239) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kofi Yakpo
Keyword(s):  
West Africa ◽  
Language Ideologies ◽  
West African ◽  
Equatorial Guinea ◽  
Policy Options ◽  
Language Policies ◽  
Social Functions ◽  
The West ◽  
Linguistic Ideologies ◽  
The Status

AbstractThis article explores the nexus between language policies and language ideologies in Equatorial Guinea and West Africa. By analyzing spoken and written discourses in Spanish and Pichi, I identify a set of ideas and beliefs about Pichi and the semiotic processes by which they have emerged. The comparison of Pichi with Krio, Nigerian Pidgin, Cameroon Pidgin and Ghanaian Pidgin English shows that Pichi is the most disadvantaged of the West African English-lexicon creoles with respect to a number of sociolinguistic characteristics. I argue that linguistic ideologies about Pichi have contributed significantly to disregarding language policy options for elevating the status and extending the uses of Pichi in Equatorial Guinea. Pichi is nevertheless expected to expand its social functions by gradually conquering additional domains of use as has been the case with the other English creoles of West Africa.

scholarly journals The Status of the Far Eastern Civilization/World System: Evidence from City Data

2002 ◽  
pp. 292-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Wilkinson
Keyword(s):  
East Asia ◽  
World System ◽  
World Systems ◽  
The West ◽  
Old World ◽  
The Status ◽  
System 2 ◽  
East End ◽  
Far Eastern

T. Chandler’s city data are used to inquire whether, and when, East Asia was a world system in itself, or part of a larger Old World world-system; and whether, and when, the east end of the Old World oikumene was more “advanced” than the west end. On the available data, (1) A.G. Frank’s thesis of a single Old World world-system is less well supported than the thesis of a long coexistence of a plurality of world systems, including a separate Far Eastern system; (2) Frank’s thesis of the general economic lead of “China” over “Europe” is supported; (3) there is evidence of an interesting medieval outrunning of the “west end” by the “east end” economy, which begs further investigation.

Archaeological Perspectives on the Atlantic Slave Trade: Contrasts in Time and Space in Benin and Guinea

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth G. Kelly
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
New World ◽  
Slave Trade ◽  
West African ◽  
The West ◽  
Local Leadership ◽  
Preliminary Results ◽  
West African Coast ◽  
African Coast ◽  
Atlantic Slave Trade

This chapter explores the impacts of the Atlantic slave trade between Africa and the European settlements of the New World on two settings along the West African coast. The Atlantic slave trade engaged societies ranging from complexly organised ‘states’ to loosely organised societies based on diverse local leadership. The chapter discusses archaeological investigations of one complex setting, that of the seventeenth- to nineteenth-century Hueda and Dahomey societies of the Bight of Benin, and contrasts those findings with preliminary results from the nineteenth-century sites along the Rio Pongo, Guinea, where the slave trade was conducted by a range of societies of less complex organisation. These investigations demonstrate that the specific responses of local African people to the Atlantic slave trade were highly variable.

scholarly journals Restructuring of the ‘Macaronesia’ biogeographic unit: A marine multi-taxon biogeographical approach

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rui Freitas ◽  
Maria Romeiras ◽  
Luís Silva ◽  
Ricardo Cordeiro ◽  
Patrícia Madeira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Canary Islands ◽  
West African ◽  
Current Concept ◽  
Decapod Crustaceans ◽  
The South ◽  
The West ◽  
Cabo Verde ◽  
The Status ◽  
Dispersal Abilities ◽  
Biogeographical Province

Abstract The Azores, Madeira, Selvagens, Canary Islands and Cabo Verde are commonly united under the term “Macaronesia”. This study investigates the coherency and validity of Macaronesia as a biogeographic unit using six marine groups with very different dispersal abilities: coastal fishes, echinoderms, gastropod molluscs, brachyuran decapod crustaceans, polychaete annelids, and macroalgae. We found no support for the current concept of Macaronesia as a coherent marine biogeographic unit. All marine groups studied suggest the exclusion of Cabo Verde from the remaining Macaronesian archipelagos and thus, Cabo Verde should be given the status of a biogeographic subprovince within the West African Transition province. We propose to redefine the Lusitanian biogeographical province, in which we include four ecoregions: the South European Atlantic Shelf, the Saharan Upwelling, the Azores, and a new ecoregion herein named Webbnesia, which comprises the archipelagos of Madeira, Selvagens and the Canary Islands.

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