scholarly journals Repeated dose comparison of nomifensine, imipramine and placebo on subjective assessments of sleep and objective measures of psychomotor performance.

1977 ◽  
Vol 4 (S2) ◽  
pp. 167S-173S ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Hindmarch ◽  
AC Parrott
Keyword(s):  
Psychomotor Performance ◽  
Repeated Dose ◽  
Objective Measures ◽  
Dose Comparison ◽  
Subjective Assessments

scholarly journals How does self-report of anxiety symptoms compare with observer assessments after acquired brain injury?

BJPsych Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (S1) ◽  
pp. S288-S288
Author(s):  
Alex Seelochan ◽  
Mark Paramlall ◽  
Himanshu Tyagi ◽  
Rohan Kandasamy ◽  
Ida Bakar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Injury ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Acquired Brain Injury ◽  
Statistical Correlation ◽  
Anxiety Symptoms ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Objective Measures ◽  
Subjective Assessments ◽  
Z Scores

AimsComorbid anxiety and mood disorders occur in 30% and 60% of individuals post-ABI (acquired brain injury), respectively (Juengst et al, 2014). The presence of psychiatric symptoms correlate to poorer outcomes in post-stroke rehabilitation, worsened quality of life (QoL), and deficits in memory, attention, and processing speed that persists years following the index event. Despite this, it is unclear whether to what degree anxiety impacts cognition. Furthermore, the literature on this topic is inconsistent when comparing subjective and clinician measurements. This study seeks to ameliorate this gap in literature by analyzing how clinicians’ measures of anxiety and cognitive performance correlate with subjective assessments of patient's own anxiety symptoms.MethodIndividuals with an ABI who were seen in a clinical neuropsychiatry outpatient clinic between 2019 and 2020 completed a GAD-7 (Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7) questionnaire (patient's self-report of the severity of anxiety symptoms) and an observer completed a Neuropsychiatric Inventory Questionnaire (NPIQ) including a subscale for anxiety (NPIQ-A). Participants also underwent a formal cognitive examination with the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). A total of 24 ABI patients (depressed ABI and non-depressed ABI) were analyzed for variation, statistical agreement and correlation. Here, total anxiety scores (using GAD-7 scores), anxiety severity (correlating category based on total GAD-7 score) were compared against the objective measures for anxiety (NPI-QA) and cognition (MoCA). In order to standardize MoCA scores, z scores were used in the statistical analysis.ResultThe patient's subjective raw scores of anxiety were statistically significantly different from the corresponding scores from objective observers on Wilcoxon-Rank Sum tests (p < 0.01), however, there was a statistical correlation between GAD (categorized by severity level) and NPI-QA (p = 0.75). Spearman Rank Correlation did show positive, but, statistically insignificant correlation between dyads of these independent variables (including GAD7/NPIQ-A, GAD 7 categorised/NPIQ-A, GAD7/MoCA, GAD 7 categorised/MoCA).ConclusionThese findings indicate (1) self-reported measures of anxiety (GAD7) in ABI were inconsistent with objective measures of anxiety in this cohort, (2) anxiety measures did not demonstrate significant correlation when compared to objective measures for cognitive function, and (3) ABI patients did not display good insight into the severity of their anxiety symptoms as measured by the GAD7. Further research should focus on utilizing other subjective measurement tools for anxiety and/or clinician evaluation tools with NPIQ-A.

scholarly journals Facts versus Feelings: Objective and subjective experiences of diversity differentially impact attitudes towards the European Union

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paolo Aldrin Palma ◽  
Vanessa Martha Sinclair ◽  
Victoria Esses
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Intergroup Contact ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Objective Measures ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Subjective Experiences ◽  
Subjective Perceptions ◽  
Subjective Assessments ◽  
Secondary Data Sources ◽  
And Migration

This research used secondary data sources to examine how objective and subjective experiences of diversity and immigration are associated with voting and attitudes toward the European Union. Using objective measures of diversity and migration, England’s electorate regions with the most diversity and highest levels of projected migration had the lowest proportion of Leave voters in the 2016 Brexit vote (Study 1). Using subjective assessments of intergroup contact and immigration attitudes (Study 2), higher perceived immigrant population size was associated with greater perceived competition with immigrants and Euroscepticism, whereas intergroup contact had the opposite effect. Surprisingly, the explicit desire to reduce immigration was not associated with anti-EU attitudes. This research highlights the importance of combining objective and subjective measures of diversity and immigration in analyzing political motivations, as objective measures suggested immigration did not adversely affect Brexit votes (Study 1), whereas some subjective perceptions of immigration led to greater anti-EU attitudes.

scholarly journals Facts versus feelings: Objective and subjective experiences of diversity differentially impact attitudes towards the European Union

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 726-743
Author(s):  
Paolo A. Palma ◽  
Vanessa M. Sinclair ◽  
Victoria M. Esses
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Intergroup Contact ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Objective Measures ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Subjective Experiences ◽  
Subjective Perceptions ◽  
Subjective Assessments ◽  
Secondary Data Sources ◽  
And Migration

This research used secondary data sources to examine how objective and subjective experiences of diversity and immigration are associated with voting and attitudes toward the European Union. Using objective measures of diversity and migration, England’s electorate regions with the most diversity and highest levels of projected migration had the lowest proportion of “Leave” voters in the 2016 Brexit vote (Study 1). Using subjective assessments of intergroup contact and immigration attitudes (Study 2), higher perceived immigrant population size was associated with greater perceived competition with immigrants and Euroscepticism, whereas intergroup contact had the opposite effect. Surprisingly, the explicit desire to reduce immigration was not associated with anti-EU attitudes. This research highlights the importance of combining objective and subjective measures of diversity and immigration in analyzing political motivations, as objective measures suggested immigration did not adversely affect Brexit votes (Study 1), whereas some subjective perceptions of immigration led to greater anti-EU attitudes.

scholarly journals Association between Subjective and Objective Measures of Lip Form and Function: An Exploratory Analysis

2003 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 241-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carroll-Ann Trotman ◽  
Ceib Phillips ◽  
Julian J. Faraway ◽  
Kelly Ritter
Keyword(s):  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Cleft Lip And Palate ◽  
Objective Measures ◽  
Upper Lip ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
Subjective Assessments ◽  
The Face ◽  
Lip Movement ◽  
Analysis System ◽  
And Function

Objective In patients with cleft lip and palate, the aims of this study were to generate objective measures of different attributes of lip movement and to explore the utility of these objective measures by examining the association between examiners’ subjective assessments with the objective measures. Patients and Participants Thirteen patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate with varying degrees of cleft scar severity were selected. All patients had a previously repaired complete unilateral cleft lip and palate. Interventions Photographs and videotape recordings were made of the patients with cleft at rest and during smiling. Measurements of lip movement were obtained by means of a motion analysis system. Main Outcome Measures The study sought to obtain rankings of cleft scar severity and impairment on a 6-point Likert scale by a lay and professional panel and measurements of displacement, asymmetry, speed, and velocity of upper lip during smiling. Results Displacement was the most consistent and valid objective measurement. An objective analysis of the entire upper lip provided the most information. In general, there was a decrease in the objective measures of upper lip movement as examiners’ perceptions of facial appearance or disfigurement at rest and impairment during movement became worse. This relationship was stronger for the at-rest perceptions, implying that subjective assessments should be made with the face at rest. Conclusions Objective measures provided the promise for differentiation of the components of movement and should be used to supplement subjective evaluations of lip appearance at rest and during movement.

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