scholarly journals Pharmacokinetics and adverse reactions after a single dose of pentamidine in patients with Trypanosoma gambiense sleeping sickness.

1995 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 289-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
U Bronner ◽  
LL Gustafsson ◽  
F Doua ◽  
O Ericsson ◽  
T Miezan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Adverse Reactions ◽  
Sleeping Sickness ◽  
Trypanosoma Gambiense

Adverse Reactions to Metoclopramide in Young Children: A 6-Year Retrospective Study and Review of the Literature

2002 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 125-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matityahu Lifshitz ◽  
Vladimir Gavrilov
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Single Dose ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
Adverse Reactions ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Great Caution ◽  
Single Intravenous Injection ◽  
Patients Âgés ◽  
Oculogyric Crisis

Objective To report our experience with children admitted to the emergency department between the years 1994 and 1999 for adverse reactions to metoclopramide. Patients and Methods The medical records of 52 children admitted for adverse reactions to metoclopramide were analyzed retrospectively. All the patients had been prescribed metoclopramide for the treatment of nausea and vomiting. Results The patients' ages ranged from 1.5 to 4.5 years (median 2.4 y). All had manifested various dystonic symptoms that occurred several hours after ingestion of 1 or 2, rarely more, doses of metoclopramide. Thirty-two patients had received metoclopramide 0.1 mg/kg/dose, 11 children 0.2 mg/kg/dose, 7 pateints 0.3 mg/kg/dose; for the remaining 2 children, the dosage was not known. The prominent clinical sign in all the children was oculogyric crisis. All the patients who had received a two- to threefold overdose, as well as those infants for whom the dosage was not known, experienced drowsiness. All 52 children were treated intravenously with a single dose of procyclidine hydrochloride 0.1 mg/kg. Extrapyramidal symptoms were abolished 15–30 minutes after treatment, and the children were discharged home 2–3 hours after treatment, free of symptoms. Conclusions Young children are especially susceptible to adverse reactions from metoclopramide, particularly oculogyric crisis. Therefore, physicians should use this drug with great caution. Our study indicates that it is fairly safe to treat oculogyric crisis in children with a single intravenous injection of procyclidine hydrochloride 0.1 mg/kg.

Single-Dose Oral Tolerance Test with Alternative Compounds for the Management of Adverse Reactions to Drugs

2002 ◽  
Vol 129 (3) ◽  
pp. 242-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Passalacqua ◽  
Manlio Milanese ◽  
Marcello Mincarini ◽  
Giorgio Ciprandi ◽  
Laura Guerra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Oral Tolerance ◽  
Adverse Reactions ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Dose Oral

scholarly journals A Prospective Evaluation of Adverse Reactions to Single-Dose Intravenous Antibiotic Prophylaxis During Outpatient Hand Surgery

Hand ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristin Sandrowski ◽  
David Edelman ◽  
Michael Rivlin ◽  
Christopher Jones ◽  
Mark Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Reaction ◽  
Single Dose ◽  
Antibiotic Prophylaxis ◽  
Upper Extremity ◽  
Adverse Reactions ◽  
Prophylactic Antibiotic ◽  
Hand Surgery ◽  
Outpatient Setting ◽  
Study Cohort ◽  
Antibiotic Administration

Background: While it is established that routine prophylactic antibiotics are not needed for all hand surgery, some cases do require it. The purpose of this study was to determine the rate of adverse reactions resulting from prophylactic antibiotic administration on patients undergoing outpatient hand and upper extremity surgical procedures. We hypothesize that the rate of complications resulting from the use of antibiotic prophylaxis is smaller than that reported in the currently referenced literature. Methods: We prospectively evaluated 570 consecutive patients undergoing outpatient upper extremity surgery. Patients were excluded if they were on antibiotics prior to surgery, were discharged on antibiotics, or if they wished to be excluded. Nineteen patients were excluded, resulting in a study cohort of 551 patients. Patients were monitored perioperatively, 2 to 3 days postoperatively, during the first postoperative visit and 1 month postoperatively for adverse reactions. The type and timing of the adverse reaction was recorded. Results: Five hundred fifty-one patients were included for evaluation and 8 patients (1.5%) developed an adverse reaction to antibiotics. Five patients (0.9%) reported a rash and 3 patients (0.5%) reported diarrhea within 3 days of surgery. There were no anaphylactic reactions or complications necessitating hospital transfer or admission in the postoperative period. Conclusion: This study represents a prospective investigation designed to determine the rate of adverse reactions to single-dose antibiotics given during outpatient hand surgery. We conclude that the use of intravenous, single-dose prophylactic antibiotic is safe in the outpatient setting for cases that require it.

Baloxavir: A Novel Single-Dose Oral Antiviral for the Treatment of Influenza

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 243-252
Author(s):  
Nicole A. Dziewiatkowski ◽  
Elizabeth N. Osmon ◽  
Elias B. Chahine ◽  
Krisy-Ann Thornby
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Symptom Onset ◽  
Adverse Reactions ◽  
Dosage Adjustment ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Data Synthesis ◽  
Study Selection ◽  
Dependent Endonuclease ◽  
Dose Oral

OBJECTIVE: To review the pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, clinical efficacy, tolerability, dosing, and administration of baloxavir marboxil (BXM), as well as its place in the treatment of influenza.<br/> DATA SOURCES: A search of PubMed and Google Scholar using the terms "baloxavir" and "S-033188" was performed. The manufacturer's website was also reviewed to further identify relevant information.<br/> STUDY SELECTION/DATA EXTRACTION: All Englishlanguage articles from January 2008 to December 2018 appearing in these searches were reviewed for relevance to this paper. In addition, their bibliographies were reviewed to identify any articles not identified in the searches.<br/> DATA SYNTHESIS: BXM is a selective cap-dependent endonuclease inhibitor approved by the Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of acute uncomplicated influenza in adults and adolescents 12 years of age and older who weigh at least 40 kg. Clinical trials demonstrated that BXM was associated with a significantly shorter time to alleviation of influenza symptoms compared with placebo when taken within 48 hours of symptom onset. The time to alleviation of symptoms was similar with BXM and oseltamivir. The most common adverse reactions associated with BXM were diarrhea, bronchitis, nausea, nasopharyngitis, and headache. BXM is administered orally as a single-dose of 40 mg or 80 mg, depending on body weight. No dosage adjustment is needed in patients with mild-to-moderate hepatic or renal impairment.<br/> CONCLUSION: BXM has been proven safe and effective in the treatment of acute uncomplicated influenza in patients 12 years of age and older when administered within 48 hours of symptom onset.

Clinical tolerance of single doses of ethionamide in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis

1982 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 61-63
Author(s):  
G. A. Smirnov ◽  
L. T. Zamaletdinova ◽  
V. A. Mikhailovskaya ◽  
S. I. Latypova
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Adverse Reactions ◽  
Number Of Patients

The tolerance of ethionamide was studied in 851 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. The drug was administered at 0.75 g at a time. Side effects were noted in 31% of individuals, and complete intolerance - in 6.6%. For the rest, adverse reactions disappeared after a short break in taking the drug or when it was administered at night. In a number of patients, to remove side effects, it was necessary to reduce a single dose of ethionamide to 0.5 g or give it 0.25 g three times. More often, side complications occurred in persons with chronic diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, as well as in elderly and senile patients.

scholarly journals Complement activation-related pseudoallergy in dogs following intravenous administration of a liposomal formulation of meglumine antimoniate

2013 ◽  
Vol 33 (8) ◽  
pp. 1016-1020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raul R. Ribeiro ◽  
Eliane P. Moura ◽  
Weverton M. Sampaio ◽  
Sydnei M. Silva ◽  
Gustavo O. Fulgêncio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Complement Activation ◽  
Adverse Reactions ◽  
Isotonic Saline ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Liposomal Formulation ◽  
Bolus Administration ◽  
Meglumine Antimoniate ◽  
Group I ◽  
Advanced Therapies

The increasing use of nanotechnologies in advanced therapies has allowed the observation of specific adverse reactions related to nanostructures. The toxicity of a novel liposome formulation of meglumine antimoniate in dogs with visceral leishmaniasis after single dose has been investigated. Groups of 12 animals received by the intravenous route a single dose of liposomal meglumine antimoniate (group I [GI], 6.5 mg Sb/kg), empty liposomes (GII) or isotonic saline (GIII). Evaluation of hematological and biochemical parameters showed no significant changes 4 days after administration. No undesired effects were registered in the GIII. However, adverse reactions were observed in 67.7% of dogs from both groups that received liposomal formulations. The side effects began moments after bolus administration and disappeared during the first 15 minutes after treatment. Prostation, sialorrhea and defecation were the most frequent clinical signs, registered in 33.3% and 41.6 % of animals from the groups GI and GII, respectively. Tachypnea, mydriasis, miosis, vomiting and cyanosis were also registered in both groups. The adverse reactions observed in this study were attributed to the activation of the complement system by lipid vesicles in a phenomenon known as Complement Activation-Related Pseudoallergy (CARPA). The influence of the physical-chemical characteristics of liposomal formulation in the triggering of CARPA is discussed.

scholarly journals Antibody Response to Live Attenuated Vaccines in Adults in Japan

Open Medicine ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 482-488 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taku Ogawa ◽  
Fukumi Uchiyama-Nakamura ◽  
Aiko Sugata-Tsubaki ◽  
Yutaka Yamada ◽  
Kenji Uno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Antibody Titer ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Adverse Reactions ◽  
Varicella Vaccine ◽  
Limited Sample ◽  
Live Attenuated Vaccine ◽  
Post Vaccination ◽  
Vaccination Response ◽  
Severe Adverse Reactions

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to examine the efficacy rendered with a single dose of live attenuated measles, rubella, mumps, and varicella containing vaccine.We inoculated healthcare workers (HCWs) with a single dose of vaccine to a disease lacking in antibody titer for those not meeting the criteria of our hospital (measles: <16.0 (IgG enzyme immunoassay (EIA)), rubella: ≤1:32 (hemagglutination-inhibition), mumps: <4.0 (IgG EIA), and varicella: <4.0 (IgG EIA)). At 28–60 days after vaccination, the antibody titer was tested again.We included 48 HCWs. A total of 32, 15, 31, and 10 individuals were inoculated with a single dose of measles-containing, rubella-containing, mumps, or varicella vaccine, respectively, and showed significant antibody elevation (9.2 ± 12.3 to 27.6 ± 215.6, p<0.001; 8 ± 1.2 to 32 ± 65.5, p<0.001; 3.0 ± 1.0 to 13.1 ± 8.6, p<0.05; and 2.6 ± 1.3 to 11.8 ± 8.1, p<0.001, respectively). Major side effects were not observed.In a limited population, a single dose of live attenuated vaccine showed elevation of antibody titer without any severe adverse reactions. However, whether the post-vaccination response rate criteria of our university was fulfilled could not be determined owing to limited sample size.

Sleeping sickness. The Castellani-Bruce controversy

1973 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-110 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Sleeping Sickness ◽  
Spinal Fluid ◽  
Tropical Africa ◽  
Protozoal Parasite ◽  
Trypanosoma Gambiense

PROFESSOR Marchese Sir Aldo Castellani died, on 3 October 1971. In obituary notices of this remarkable man, it is stated that he discovered that ‘sleeping sickness’, one of the deadly diseases of tropical Africa, is caused by infection with the protozoal parasite now known as Trypanosoma gambiense This claim, which was vigorously maintained by Castellani himself, is by no means universally accepted. Castellani was undoubtedly the first to discover trypanosomes in the cerebro-spinal fluid of patients suffering from sleeping sickness, but there is reason to believe that he failed to appreciate the etiological significance of this finding, until it was brought home to him by Lieut.-Colonel later Colonel Sir David) Bruce.

scholarly journals A Randomized, Placebo-controlled, Double-blind Pilot Study of Single-dose Humanized Anti-IL5 Antibody (Reslizumab) for the Reduction of Eosinophilia Following Diethylcarbamazine Treatment of Loa loa Infection

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fanny Legrand ◽  
Jesica Herrick ◽  
Michelle Makiya ◽  
Roshan Ramanathan ◽  
Reagan Thompson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Adverse Reactions ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Loa Loa ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Interleukin 5 ◽  
Diethylcarbamazine Citrate ◽  
Baseline Characteristics ◽  
Eosinophil Activation

Abstract Background Diethylcarbamazine citrate (DEC) treatment of loiasis is complicated by adverse reactions that are correlated with the number of circulating microfilariae (mf). The cause of these reactions is unknown, but they are accompanied by a dramatic interleukin-5 (IL-5)-dependent increase in eosinophilia and evidence of eosinophil activation. Methods To explore the role of IL-5 driven eosinophilia in post-DEC reactions, 8 adults with confirmed loiasis and &lt;5000 mf/mL blood were enrolled in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of the humanized anti-IL-5 antibody, reslizumab, (1.0 mg/kg IV) administered 3 to 7 days prior to initiation of DEC treatment (9 mg/kg/day for 21 days). The primary endpoint was the reduction in absolute eosinophil count (AEC) during the first week of DEC treatment. Results Baseline characteristics were comparable between the two groups. Single dose reslizumab lowered the AEC by 77% prior to initiation of DEC therapy (vs. 12% in the placebo group, P &lt; .05). More importantly, AEC remained below baseline in the first week of DEC treatment in all subjects who received reslizumab and in none of the placebo subjects. Mf clearance occurred within 2 days of initiation of DEC in all 7 mf-positive subjects. Mild to moderate adverse events were seen in all 8 subjects and were not significantly different between the groups. Conclusions In summary, although reslizumab was able to blunt peripheral eosinophilia post-DEC treatment in subjects with loiasis and had no effect on microfilarial clearance, the reduction in AEC appeared to have been insufficient to prevent post-treatment AEs.

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