Complete recovery of cytochrome oxidase and superoxide dismutase activities in the brain of brindled mice receiving copper therapy

Background The potential morbidity and mortality of sphenoid sinus infectious processes are related to their proximity to vital structures within the orbit, such as the cavernous sinus and the brain. Involvement of the posterior orbit can result in superior orbital fissure syndrome, a rare entity affecting structures that cross this anatomic region. Early recognition of this syndrome is mandatory. Delays in adequate treatment may compromise the patient's prognosis. Methods We present two cases of incomplete superior orbital fissure syndrome due to infectious processes of the posterior ethmoid and sphenoid sinuses. Conclusions In our experience, endoscopic decompression of the lamina papyracea shows complete recovery of extrinsic ocular motility in these patients and should be combined with intravenous antibiotic therapy.

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Superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and catalase in developing rat brain

Biochemical Journal ◽

10.1042/bj2040535 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 204 (2) ◽

pp. 535-540 ◽

Cited By ~ 103

Author(s):

I Mavelli ◽

A Rigo ◽

R Federico ◽

M R Ciriolo ◽

G Rotilio

Keyword(s):

Superoxide Dismutase ◽

Glutathione Peroxidase ◽

Rat Brain ◽

Rat Hepatocytes ◽

Mitochondrial Fraction ◽

Cytoplasmic Fraction ◽

Mouse Ascites ◽

Enzyme Pattern ◽

Relative Deficiency ◽

The Brain

The specific activities of Cu, Zn- and Mn-superoxide dismutases, of glutathione peroxidase and of catalase, the enzymes considered to be specifically involved in the defence of the cell against the partially reduced forms of oxygen, were determined as the function of postnatal age in the early (up to 60 days) period of rat brain development. The enzymes were assayed in the cytoplasmic fraction, in the crude mitochondrial fraction including peroxisomes, and in the mitochondria. The results show that the temporal changes of these enzymes cannot be correlated with each other, thus indicating that they do not concertedly parallel the increasing activity of aerobic brain metabolism during development. Specifically the cytoplasmic fraction shows a gradual increase of the Cu, Zn-superoxide dismutase activity with age, whereas the glutathione peroxidase activity is constant from birth. Furthermore the increase of the mitochondrial Mn-superoxide dismutase as a function of postnatal age is more remarkable than that of the cytoplasmic Cu, Zn-enzyme. Higher activities of catalase in adult animals are detectable only in the subcellular fraction containing peroxisomes, because of the modest catalase activity of the brain. These results indicate independent regulation of the expression of these enzyme activities in the process of brain differentiation and point to a relative deficiency of enzymic protection of the brain differentiation and point to a relative deficiency of enzymic protection of the brain against potentially toxic oxygen derivatives. This situation is similar to the pattern already described in the rat heart and in rat and mouse ascites-tumour cells, at variance with the much more efficient enzyme pattern present in rat hepatocytes.

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Therapeutic potential of astaxanthin and superoxide dismutase in Alzheimer's disease

Open Biology ◽

10.1098/rsob.210013 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (6) ◽

pp. 210013

Author(s):

Vyshnavy Balendra ◽

Sandeep Kumar Singh

Keyword(s):

Alzheimer’S Disease ◽

Alzheimer's Disease ◽

Superoxide Dismutase ◽

Antioxidant System ◽

Tau Protein ◽

Therapeutic Potential ◽

Plaque Burden ◽

Memory Decline ◽

Endogenous Antioxidants ◽

The Brain

Oxidative stress, the imbalance of the antioxidant system, results in an accumulation of neurotoxic proteins in Alzheimer's disease (AD). The antioxidant system is composed of exogenous and endogenous antioxidants to maintain homeostasis. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) is an endogenous enzymatic antioxidant that converts superoxide ions to hydrogen peroxide in cells. SOD supplementation in mice prevented cognitive decline in stress-induced cells by reducing lipid peroxidation and maintaining neurogenesis in the hippocampus. Furthermore, SOD decreased expression of BACE1 while reducing plaque burden in the brain. Additionally, Astaxanthin (AST), a potent exogenous carotenoid, scavenges superoxide anion radicals. Mice treated with AST showed slower memory decline and decreased depositions of amyloid-beta (A β ) and tau protein. Currently, the neuroprotective potential of these supplements has only been examined separately in studies. However, a single antioxidant cannot sufficiently resist oxidative damage to the brain, therefore, a combinatory approach is proposed as a relevant therapy for ameliorating pathological changes in AD.

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Changes of Superoxide Dismutase, Glutathione Perioxidase and Lipid Peroxides in the Brain of Mice Preconditioned by Hypoxia

Neurosignals ◽

10.1159/000014595 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 8 (4-5) ◽

pp. 256-260 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Chun-Li Duan ◽

Fu-Sheng Yan ◽

Xue-Ying Song ◽

Guo-Wei Lu

Keyword(s):

Superoxide Dismutase ◽

Lipid Peroxides ◽

The Brain

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Staphylococcus intermedius Brain Abscess as a Complication of Pulmonary Arteriovenous Malformation in a Patient With Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia

Open Forum Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1093/ofid/ofaa467 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (11) ◽

Author(s):

Leon S Moskatel ◽

Joslyn N Vo ◽

Keshav R Nayak ◽

Nancy F Crum-Cianflone

Keyword(s):

Arteriovenous Malformation ◽

Brain Abscess ◽

Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia ◽

Clinical Manifestations ◽

Complete Recovery ◽

Pulmonary Arteriovenous Malformation ◽

Staphylococcus Intermedius ◽

First Case ◽

Human Infections ◽

The Brain

Abstract Staphylococcus intermedius is a rare cause of human infections ranging from skin and soft tissue infections to bacteremia. It is particularly known for its association with exposure to dogs. We report an unusual case of a 73-year-old female with a brain abscess caused by S intermedius who was recently diagnosed with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia and a pulmonary arteriovenous malformation. The patient underwent debridement of the brain abscess followed by a 6-week course of vancomycin and rifampin, after which she made a near complete recovery. This is the first case of a brain abscess in an adult due to S intermedius in the published literature, and we provide a comprehensive review of the literature of all human infections caused by this pathogen and summarize its clinical manifestations, treatment recommendations, and outcomes.

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Superoxide dismutase and cytochrome oxidase in collapsed lungs: possible role in reexpansion edema

Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1152/jappl.1988.65.1.235 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 65 (1) ◽

pp. 235-241 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

R. M. Jackson ◽

A. L. Brannen ◽

C. F. Veal ◽

J. D. Fulmer

Keyword(s):

Superoxide Dismutase ◽

Cytochrome Oxidase ◽

Pyruvate Kinase ◽

Kinase Activity ◽

H2o2 Production ◽

Lung Collapse ◽

Pyruvate Kinase Activity ◽

Sod Activity ◽

Control Rabbit ◽

Radical Production

This study examined the effects of lung collapse, a condition that causes relative hypoxia in lung tissues, on superoxide dismutase (SOD), cytochrome oxidase (cyt ox), and pyruvate kinase (py ki) activities in rabbits. Cyanide-insensitive respiration measurements were done in collapsed and contralateral lungs, as an index of intracellular free radical production. Rabbits' right lungs were collapsed for 7 days after which the animals were killed. We found that control rabbit lungs contained approximately 25 SOD units/mg DNA measured with 10(-5) M KCN (total SOD) and approximately 11 SOD units/mg DNA measured with 10(-3) M KCN (mitochondrial or MnSOD). Right lung collapse caused a 25% decrease in mitochondrial SOD activity after 7 days (P less than 0.05), whereas no significant changes occurred in right or left lungs' total SOD activity. In control rabbits cyt ox activity averaged approximately 0.009 mumol ferrocytochrome c.min-1.mg DNA-1. Right lung collapse caused a greater than 40% decrease in cyt ox activity after 7 days of collapse (P less than 0.05), whereas cyt ox activity in contralateral left lungs did not change. Pyruvate kinase activity, a marker for anaerobic glycolysis resulting from tissue hypoxia, increased 49% in collapsed right lungs (P less than 0.01). Cyanide-insensitive respiration was 83% higher in 7 day-collapsed lungs (2.28 +/- 0.66 microliters O2.min-1.g-1) compared with contralateral lungs (1.24 +/- 0.34, P less than 0.05), indicating increased O2-. and H2O2 production in this tissue after homogenization at normoxic PO2 (approximately 150 Torr).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

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