scholarly journals Comparison of postnatal development of heart rate responses to trigeminal stimulation in sleeping preterm and term infants

2005 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
RITA TULADHAR ◽  
RICHARD HARDING ◽  
T. MICHAEL ADAMSON ◽  
ROSEMARY S. C. HORNE
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Postnatal Development ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Trigeminal Stimulation

scholarly journals Metabolic-endocrine disruption due to preterm birth impacts growth, body composition, and neonatal outcome

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lea Sophie Möllers ◽  
Efrah I. Yousuf ◽  
Constanze Hamatschek ◽  
Katherine M. Morrison ◽  
Michael Hermanussen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Postnatal Development ◽  
Endocrine Disruption ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Neonatal Morbidity ◽  
Neonatal Outcomes ◽  
Endocrine Function ◽  
List Type ◽  
Term Infants

Abstract Despite optimized nutrition, preterm-born infants grow slowly and tend to over-accrete body fat. We hypothesize that the premature dissociation of the maternal–placental–fetal unit disrupts the maintenance of physiological endocrine function in the fetus, which has severe consequences for postnatal development. This review highlights the endocrine interactions of the maternal–placental–fetal unit and the early perinatal period in both preterm and term infants. We report on hormonal levels (including tissue, thyroid, adrenal, pancreatic, pituitary, and placental hormones) and nutritional supply and their impact on infant body composition. The data suggest that the premature dissociation of the maternal–placental–fetal unit leads to a clinical picture similar to panhypopituitarism. Further, we describe how the premature withdrawal of the maternal–placental unit, neonatal morbidities, and perinatal stress can cause differences in the levels of growth-promoting hormones, particularly insulin-like growth factors (IGF). In combination with the endocrine disruption that occurs following dissociation of the maternal–placental–fetal unit, the premature adaptation to the extrauterine environment leads to early and fast accretion of fat mass in an immature body. In addition, we report on interventional studies that have aimed to compensate for hormonal deficiencies in infants born preterm through IGF therapy, resulting in improved neonatal morbidity and growth. Impact Preterm birth prematurely dissociates the maternal–placental–fetal unit and disrupts the metabolic-endocrine maintenance of the immature fetus with serious consequences for growth, body composition, and neonatal outcomes. The preterm metabolic-endocrine disruption induces symptoms resembling anterior pituitary failure (panhypopituitarism) with low levels of IGF-1, excessive postnatal fat mass accretion, poor longitudinal growth, and failure to thrive. Appropriate gestational age-adapted nutrition alone seems insufficient for the achievement of optimal growth of preterm infants. Preliminary results from interventional studies show promising effects of early IGF-1 supplementation on postnatal development and neonatal outcomes.

Effect of Propylthiouracil Feeding on Postnatal Development of Heart Rate in the Rat

1969 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-75
Author(s):  
David R. Wekstein ◽  
Norman V. Lewis ◽  
Stanley C. Gordon
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Postnatal Development

Heart rate responses to non-arousing trigeminal stimulation in infants: Effects of sleep position, sleep state and postnatal age

2005 ◽  
Vol 81 (8) ◽  
pp. 673-681 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rita Tuladhar ◽  
Richard Harding ◽  
T. Michael Adamson ◽  
Rosemary S.C. Horne
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Sleep Position ◽  
Sleep State ◽  
Trigeminal Stimulation

scholarly journals Age-dependent changes in electrophysiology and calcium handling: implications for pediatric cardiac research

2020 ◽  
Vol 318 (2) ◽  
pp. H354-H365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luther M. Swift ◽  
Morgan Burke ◽  
Devon Guerrelli ◽  
Marissa Reilly ◽  
Manelle Ramadan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Postnatal Development ◽  
Cardiac Electrophysiology ◽  
Disease Modeling ◽  
Calcium Transient ◽  
Atrioventricular Conduction ◽  
Calcium Handling ◽  
Multiparametric Imaging ◽  
Whole Heart

Rodent models are frequently employed in cardiovascular research, yet our understanding of pediatric cardiac physiology has largely been deduced from more simplified two-dimensional cell studies. Previous studies have shown that postnatal development includes an alteration in the expression of genes and proteins involved in cell coupling, ion channels, and intracellular calcium handling. Accordingly, we hypothesized that postnatal cell maturation is likely to lead to dynamic alterations in whole heart electrophysiology and calcium handling. To test this hypothesis, we employed multiparametric imaging and electrophysiological techniques to quantify developmental changes from neonate to adult. In vivo electrocardiograms were collected to assess changes in heart rate, variability, and atrioventricular conduction (Sprague-Dawley rats). Intact, whole hearts were transferred to a Langendorff-perfusion system for multiparametric imaging (voltage, calcium). Optical mapping was performed in conjunction with an electrophysiology study to assess cardiac dynamics throughout development. Postnatal age was associated with an increase in the heart rate (181 ± 34 vs. 429 ± 13 beats/min), faster atrioventricular conduction (94 ± 13 vs. 46 ± 3 ms), shortened action potentials (APD80: 113 ± 18 vs. 60 ± 17 ms), and decreased ventricular refractoriness (VERP: 157 ± 45 vs. 57 ± 14 ms; neonatal vs. adults, means ± SD, P < 0.05). Calcium handling matured with development, resulting in shortened calcium transient durations (168 ± 18 vs. 117 ± 14 ms) and decreased propensity for calcium transient alternans (160 ± 18- vs. 99 ± 11-ms cycle length threshold; neonatal vs. adults, mean ± SD, P < 0.05). Results of this study can serve as a comprehensive baseline for future studies focused on pediatric disease modeling and/or preclinical testing. NEW & NOTEWORTHY This is the first study to assess cardiac electrophysiology and calcium handling throughout postnatal development, using both in vivo and whole heart models.

THE POSTNATAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE COAGULATION SYSTEM IN THE PREMATURE INFANT

1987 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Andrew ◽  
B A Paes ◽  
R A Milner ◽  
P J Powers ◽  
M Johnston ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Premature Infant ◽  
Postnatal Development ◽  
Premature Infants ◽  
Reference Values ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Term Infant ◽  
Full Term ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Coagulation System ◽  
Term Infants

A cohort study was performed to determine the postnatal development of the coagulation system in the “healthy” premature infant. Mothers were approached for consent and a total of 132 premature infants were entered into the study. The group consisted of 64 infants with gestational ages of 34-36 weeks (prem 1) and 68 infants whose gestational age was 33 weeks or less (prem 2). Demographic information and a 2 ml blood sample were obtained on days 1, 5, 30, 90, and 180. Plasma was fractionated and stored at −70°C for batch assaying of the following tests: screening tests, PT, APTT; factor assays (biologic (B)); fibrinogen, II, V, VII, VIII:C, IX, X, XI, XII, prekallikrein, high molecular weight kininogen, XIII (immunologic (I)); inhibitors (I), antithrombin III, aα2-antiplasmin, α2-macroglobulin, α-anti-trypsin, Cl esterase inhibitor, protein C, protein S, and the fibrinolytic system (B); plasminogen. We have previously reported an identical study for 118 full term infants. The large number of premature and full term infants studied at varying time points allowed us to determine the following: 1) coagulation tests vary with the gestational age and postnatal age of the infant; 2) each factor has a unique postnatal pattern of maturation; 3) near adult values are achieved by 6 months of age; 4) premature infants have a more rapid postnatal development of the coagulation system compared to the full term infant; and 5) the range of reference values for two age groups of premature infants has been established for each of the assays. These reference values will provide a basis for future investigation of specific hemorrhagic and thrombotic problems in the newborn infant.

scholarly journals Focused attention, heart rate deceleration, and cognitive development in preterm and full-term infants

2011 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 383-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julianne H. Petrie Thomas ◽  
Michael F. Whitfield ◽  
Tim F. Oberlander ◽  
Anne R. Synnes ◽  
Ruth E. Grunau
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Cognitive Development ◽  
Full Term ◽  
Focused Attention ◽  
Heart Rate Deceleration ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Rate Deceleration

scholarly journals The Digi-NewB project for preterm infant sepsis risk and maturity analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2-3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alpo Värri ◽  
Antti Kallonen ◽  
Elina Helander ◽  
Andres Ledesma ◽  
Patrick Pladys
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Preterm Infant ◽  
Careful Analysis ◽  
Physiological Signals ◽  
P Value ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Ecg Signals ◽  
Clinical Observations ◽  
Sepsis Risk

It is known from the literature that the careful analysis of the heart rate variability of a preterm infant can be used as a predictor of sepsis. The Digi-NewB project aims at collecting a database of at least 750 preterm infants including physiological signals, video and clinical observations. These data are used to design a decision support system for the early detection of sepsis and for the evaluation of the infant maturity. The preparation of the data for the exploratory analysis has turned out to be time-consuming. 190 infants have been recorded by March 2018 and of these, the R-R interval analysis of the ECG signals has been completed of 136 infants. The results of the project are still preliminary but seven heart rate variability parameters have been found to be different in preterm and full-term infants with a P value less than 0.01. The video analysis algorithm detecting the presence of personnel or relatives reached 96.8% of sensitivity and 95.1% of specificity.

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