Malaria transmission potential of Anopheles mosquitoes in the Mwea-Tebere irrigation scheme, Kenya

1990 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 425-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. N. IJUMBA ◽  
R. W. MWANGI ◽  
J. C. BEIER
Keyword(s):  
Malaria Transmission ◽  
Irrigation Scheme ◽  
Transmission Potential ◽  
Anopheles Mosquitoes

scholarly journals Natural Plant Sugar Sources of Anopheles Mosquitoes Strongly Impact Malaria Transmission Potential

PLoS ONE ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. e15996 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weidong Gu ◽  
Günter Müller ◽  
Yosef Schlein ◽  
Robert J. Novak ◽  
John C. Beier
Keyword(s):  
Malaria Transmission ◽  
Natural Plant ◽  
Transmission Potential ◽  
Anopheles Mosquitoes

scholarly journals Variation in natural exposure to anopheles mosquitoes and its effects on malaria transmission

eLife ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wamdaogo M Guelbéogo ◽  
Bronner Pamplona Gonçalves ◽  
Lynn Grignard ◽  
John Bradley ◽  
Samuel S Serme ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Malaria Transmission ◽  
Significant Variation ◽  
Reproduction Number ◽  
Infection Risk ◽  
Transmission Potential ◽  
Anopheles Mosquitoes ◽  
Natural Exposure ◽  
Number Of Individuals ◽  
Blood Meals ◽  
The Basic Reproduction Number

Variation in biting frequency by Anopheles mosquitoes can explain some of the heterogeneity in malaria transmission in endemic areas. In this study in Burkina Faso, we assessed natural exposure to mosquitoes by matching the genotype of blood meals from 1066 mosquitoes with blood from residents of local households. We observed that the distribution of mosquito bites exceeded the Pareto rule (20/80) in two of the three surveys performed (20/85, 76, and 96) and, at its most pronounced, is estimated to have profound epidemiological consequences, inflating the basic reproduction number of malaria by 8-fold. The distribution of bites from sporozoite-positive mosquitoes followed a similar pattern, with a small number of individuals within households receiving multiple potentially infectious bites over the period of a few days. Together, our findings indicate that heterogeneity in mosquito exposure contributes considerably to heterogeneity in infection risk and suggest significant variation in malaria transmission potential.

Gut microbes influence fitness and malaria transmission potential of Asian malaria vector Anopheles stephensi

Acta Tropica ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 128 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anil Sharma ◽  
Devender Dhayal ◽  
O.P. Singh ◽  
T. Adak ◽  
Raj K. Bhatnagar
Keyword(s):  
Malaria Transmission ◽  
Malaria Vector ◽  
Anopheles Stephensi ◽  
Gut Microbes ◽  
Transmission Potential

scholarly journals Species Composition and Role of Anopheles Mosquitoes in Malaria Transmission Along Badagry Axis of Lagos Lagoon, Lagos, Nigeria

2010 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. IJIS.S4698 ◽  
Author(s):  
I.O. Oyewole ◽  
C.A. Ibidapo ◽  
O.O. Okwa ◽  
A.O. Oduola ◽  
G.O. Adeoye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Malaria Transmission ◽  
Control Programme ◽  
Anopheles Mosquitoes ◽  
Vector Control Programme ◽  
Baseline Information ◽  
Falciparum Sporozoite ◽  
Lagos Lagoon ◽  
Sporozoite Infection

Three communities along Badagry axis of the Lagos lagoon were sampled for indoor resting Anopheles mosquitoes in order to determine their species composition, relative abundance, density and contribution to malaria transmission in the coastal ecosystem. A total of 1938 adult female Anopheles mosquitoes collected from 2005 to 2007 constituted three species viz Anopheles gambiae, An melas and An. nili. The Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)–-based tests indicated that more than three-fourth of the An. gambiae s.l (75.8%) population belongs to An. gambiae s.s the remaining were An. melas. Further analysis showed that all the An. gambiae s.s was the M form. ELISA-based analyses indicated that An. gambiae s.s and An. melas were the main vectors of malaria in this area with an overall P. falciparum sporozoite infection rate of 4.8% and 6.5% respectively. Both species also maintained relatively high EIR indicating their prominent roles in malaria transmission in the study area. All the An. nili tested were negative for P. falciparum sporozoite infection. This study provides baseline information for planning vector control programme relevant to reduction of malaria transmission in the coastal areas of Nigeria.

scholarly journals Microgeographic Epidemiology of Malaria Parasites in an Irrigated Area of Western Kenya by Deep Amplicon Sequencing

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Hemming-Schroeder ◽  
Daibin Zhong ◽  
Solomon Kibret ◽  
Amanda Chie ◽  
Ming-Chieh Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Malaria Transmission ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
Transmission Intensity ◽  
Transmission Risk ◽  
Irrigated Agriculture ◽  
Irrigation Scheme ◽  
Malaria Parasites ◽  
Irrigated Area ◽  
The Impact

Abstract To improve food security, investments in irrigated agriculture are anticipated to increase throughout Africa. However, the extent to which environmental changes from water resource development will impact malaria epidemiology remains unclear. This study was designed to compare the sensitivity of molecular markers used in deep amplicon sequencing for evaluating malaria transmission intensities and to assess malaria transmission intensity at various proximities to an irrigation scheme. Compared to ama1, csp, and msp1 amplicons, cpmp required the smallest sample size to detect differences in infection complexity between transmission risk zones. Transmission intensity was highest within 5 km of the irrigation scheme by polymerase chain reaction positivity rate, infection complexity, and linkage disequilibrium. The irrigated area provided a source of parasite infections for the surrounding 2- to 10-km area. This study highlights the suitability of the cpmp amplicon as a measure for transmission intensities and the impact of irrigation on microgeographic epidemiology of malaria parasites.

scholarly journals Prediction of malaria transmission drivers in Anopheles mosquitoes using artificial intelligence coupled to MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cécile Nabet ◽  
Aurélien Chaline ◽  
Jean-François Franetich ◽  
Jean-Yves Brossas ◽  
Noémie Shahmirian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Malaria Transmission ◽  
Maldi Tof Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Anopheles Mosquitoes ◽  
Maldi Tof

scholarly journals Impact of mosquito gene drive on malaria elimination in a computational model with explicit spatial and temporal dynamics

2016 ◽  
Vol 114 (2) ◽  
pp. E255-E264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip A. Eckhoff ◽  
Edward A. Wenger ◽  
H. Charles J. Godfray ◽  
Austin Burt
Keyword(s):  
Malaria Transmission ◽  
Parameter Space ◽  
Malaria Elimination ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Spatial Density ◽  
Gene Drive ◽  
Transmission Potential ◽  
Recent Success ◽  
Y Chromosomes ◽  
Sub Saharan

The renewed effort to eliminate malaria and permanently remove its tremendous burden highlights questions of what combination of tools would be sufficient in various settings and what new tools need to be developed. Gene drive mosquitoes constitute a promising set of tools, with multiple different possible approaches including population replacement with introduced genes limiting malaria transmission, driving-Y chromosomes to collapse a mosquito population, and gene drive disrupting a fertility gene and thereby achieving population suppression or collapse. Each of these approaches has had recent success and advances under laboratory conditions, raising the urgency for understanding how each could be deployed in the real world and the potential impacts of each. New analyses are needed as existing models of gene drive primarily focus on nonseasonal or nonspatial dynamics. We use a mechanistic, spatially explicit, stochastic, individual-based mathematical model to simulate each gene drive approach in a variety of sub-Saharan African settings. Each approach exhibits a broad region of gene construct parameter space with successful elimination of malaria transmission due to the targeted vector species. The introduction of realistic seasonality in vector population dynamics facilitates gene drive success compared with nonseasonal analyses. Spatial simulations illustrate constraints on release timing, frequency, and spatial density in the most challenging settings for construct success. Within its parameter space for success, each gene drive approach provides a tool for malaria elimination unlike anything presently available. Provided potential barriers to success are surmounted, each achieves high efficacy at reducing transmission potential and lower delivery requirements in logistically challenged settings.

scholarly journals Accessing the Syndemic of COVID-19 and Malaria Intervention in Africa

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benyun Shi ◽  
Jinxin Zheng ◽  
Shang Xia ◽  
Shan Lin ◽  
Xinyi Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Malaria Transmission ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Cumulative Number ◽  
Insecticide Treated Nets ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
Transmission Potential ◽  
Epidemic Dynamics ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Epidemiological Parameters

Abstract Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has caused substantial disruptions to health services in the low and middle-income countries with a high burden of other diseases, such as malaria in sub-Saharan Africa. As the COVID-19 pandemic spread to Africa, there is an urgent need to assess the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on malaria transmission potential in malaria-endemic countries in Africa.Methods: We present a data-driven method to quantify the extent to which the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as various non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs), could lead to the change of malaria transmission potential in 2020. First, we adopt a particle Markov Chain Monte Carlo method to estimate epidemiological parameters in each country by fitting the time series of the cumulative number of COVID-19 cases. Then, we simulate the epidemic dynamics of COVID-19 under two groups of NPIs: (i) contact restriction and social distancing, and (ii) early identification and isolation of cases. Based on the simulated epidemic curves, we quantify the impact of COVID-19 epidemic and NPIs on the distribution of insecticide-treated nets (ITNs). Finally, by treating the total number of ITNs available in each country in 2020, we evaluate the negative effects of COVID-19 pandemic on malaria transmission potential based on the notion of vectorial capacity.Results: We conduct case studies in four malaria-endemic countries, Ethiopia, Nigeria, Tanzania, and Zambia, in Africa. The epidemiological parameters (i.e., the basic reproduction number R0 and the duration of infection DI ) of COVID-19 in each country are estimated as follows: Ethiopia (R0 = 1:57, DI = 5:32), Nigeria (R0 = 2:18, DI = 6:58), Tanzania (R0 = 2:47, DI = 6:01), and Zambia (R0 = 2:12, DI = 6:96). Based on the estimated epidemiological parameters, the epidemic curves simulated under various NPIs indicated that the earlier the interventions are implemented, the better the epidemic is controlled. Moreover, the effect of combined NPIs is better than contact restriction and social distancing only. By treating the total number of ITNs available in each country in 2020 as a baseline, our results show that even with stringent NPIs, malaria transmission potential will remain higher than expected in the second half of 2020.Conclusions: By quantifying the impact of various NPI response to the COVID-19 pandemic on malaria transmission potential, this study provides a way to jointly address the syndemic between COVID-19 and malaria in malaria-endemic countries in Africa. The results suggest that the early intervention of COVID-19 can effectively reduce the scale of the epidemic and mitigate its impact on malaria transmission potential.

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