Compatibility of two species of Ixodes ticks with murid hosts and its effect on transmission of Lyme disease spirochaetes

1996 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 291-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
PHILIP J. RICHTER Jr ◽  
ROBERT B. KIMSEY ◽  
JOHNE. MADIGAN ◽  
DALE L. BROOKS
Keyword(s):  
Lyme Disease ◽  
Ixodes Ticks

scholarly journals THE IDENTIFICATION OF «NEW» PATHOGENS FOR FOCAL INFECTIONS IN IXODES TICKS ON THE TERRITORY OF TULA REGION

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 172-177
Author(s):  
T. V. Kozlova ◽  
T. I. Khomyakova ◽  
V. G. Dedkov ◽  
M. V. Safonova ◽  
L. S. Karan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lyme Disease ◽  
Ixodes Ricinus ◽  
Mixed Infection ◽  
Dermacentor Reticulatus ◽  
Encephalitis Virus ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis ◽  
Ixodes Ticks ◽  
Pcr Method ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis Virus ◽  
Human Monocytic Ehrlichiosis

The most of ixodes ticks in Tula region belongs to the group of pasture mites. It is generally accepted to estimate the tick’s contamination by the tick-borne encephalitis virus and raoueti inducing Lyme Borellia. The aim of the present work was to educe the aetiologic agents of the set of potentially-enable infections out of ticks Dermacentor reticulatus, Ixodes ricinus and Ixodes сrenulatus collected at the different terrains of Tula Region by PCR method. The results: a considerable number of pathogenic rickettsiae R. raoultii was educes from the ticks D. reticulatus, which including them as the component of mixed infection together with the human monocytic ehrlichiosis agent. R. raoultii was determined in more than a half of the cases in ticks I. ricinus including the mixed infection together with ticks’ borreliosis virus and Kemerovo fever agent. Conclusion. The reasons, induced the quantity changes of the ticks’ distribution at Tula Region terrains, apparently promote the rise in frequency of the ticks contamination with the agents of herd tick-transmissive infection. It demand an infectiologist’s attention rise and dictate the necessity of the above mentioned diseases monitoring as well as Fr. tularensis, the tick-borne encephalitis virus and Lyme disease.

scholarly journals Variation in the Microbiota of Ixodes Ticks with Regard to Geography, Species, and Sex

2015 ◽  
Vol 81 (18) ◽  
pp. 6200-6209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Will Van Treuren ◽  
Loganathan Ponnusamy ◽  
R. Jory Brinkerhoff ◽  
Antonio Gonzalez ◽  
Christian M. Parobek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
North Carolina ◽  
South Carolina ◽  
Lyme Disease ◽  
Ixodes Scapularis ◽  
Illumina Miseq ◽  
The United States ◽  
Upper Midwest ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Ixodes Ticks

ABSTRACTIxodes scapularisis the principal vector of Lyme disease on the East Coast and in the upper Midwest regions of the United States, yet the tick is also present in the Southeast, where Lyme disease is absent or rare. A closely related species,I. affinis, also carries the pathogen in the South but does not seem to transmit it to humans. In order to better understand the geographic diversity of the tick, we analyzed the microbiota of 104 adultI. scapularisand 13 adultI. affinisticks captured in 19 locations in South Carolina, North Carolina, Virginia, Connecticut, and New York. Initially, ticks from 4 sites were analyzed by 454 pyrosequencing. Subsequently, ticks from these sites plus 15 others were analyzed by sequencing with an Illumina MiSeq machine. By both analyses, the microbiomes of female ticks were significantly less diverse than those of male ticks. The dissimilarity between tick microbiomes increased with distance between sites, and the state in which a tick was collected could be inferred from its microbiota. The genusRickettsiawas prominent in all locations.Borreliawas also present in most locations and was present at especially high levels in one site in western Virginia. In contrast, members of the familyEnterobacteriaceaewere very common in North CarolinaI. scapularisticks but uncommon inI. scapularisticks from other sites and in North CarolinaI. affinisticks. These data suggest substantial variations in theIxodesmicrobiota in association with geography, species, and sex.

scholarly journals Lyme Disease: antibodies against Borrelia burgdorferi in farm workers in Argentina

1993 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 305-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nestor Oscar Stanchi ◽  
Laura Josefina Balague
Keyword(s):  
Lyme Disease ◽  
Borrelia Burgdorferi ◽  
Fluorescent Antibody ◽  
Immunoglobulin M ◽  
Farm Workers ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Inflammatory Disorder ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
Ixodes Ticks ◽  
Staining Methods

Lyme Disease is a tick-borne (specially by Ixodes ticks) immune-mediated inflammatory disorder caused by a newly recognize spirochete, Borrelia burgdorferi. Indirect fluorescent antibody (IF) staining methods and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay are frequently relied upon to confirm Lyme borreliosis infections. Although serologic testing for antibodies has limitations, it is still the only practical means of confirming B. burgdorferi infections. Because we have no previous report of Lyme disease in human inhabitants in Argentina, a study was designed as a seroepidemiologic investigation of the immune response to B. burgdorferi in farm workers of Argentina with arthritis symptoms. Three out of 28 sera were positive (#1,5 and 9). Serum # 1 was positive for Immunoglobulin G at dilution 1:320, serum # 5 and # 9 both to dilution 1:160; while for Immunoglobulin M all (#1, 5 and 9) were positive at low dilution (1:40) using IF. The results showed that antibodies against B. burgdorferi are present in an Argentinian population. Thus caution should be exercised in the clinical interpretation of arthritis until the presence of B. burgdorferi be confirmed by culture in specific media.

scholarly journals A Case Series on Neuroborreliosis- An Emerging Infection in India

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachna Sehgal ◽  
Meenakshi Bhatt
Keyword(s):  
Lyme Disease ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Disease Spread ◽  
Penicillin G ◽  
Lyme Carditis ◽  
Cranial Nerve Palsies ◽  
Ixodes Ticks ◽  
Sporadic Cases ◽  
Disseminated Disease

Lyme disease is a zoonotic disease spread by the bite of Ixodes ticks. These ticks are known to be found in wooded or grassy areas. The disease manifestations can be divided into early Lyme disease and late Lyme disease. The manifestations of late Lyme disease may include arthritis, cranial nerve palsies, short-term memory deficits and Lyme carditis. The disease is diagnosed by a two-step process of Enzyme immunoassay followed by Western blot Test. Disseminated disease is treated with Intravenous (IV) ceftriaxone, cefotaxime or penicillin G, or a combination of oral and IV regimens or in some cases, only oral drugs for up to 28 days. Lyme disease is endemic in temperate regions, especially in America. However, over the years the disease has been reported from various countries of Asia including in India, where there have been sporadic cases. Hereby, the author presents three paediatric cases with varied presentations. The neurological symptoms ranged from Lower Motor Neuron (LMN) facial nerve palsy to acute encephalitis. One patient also had non-erosive arthritis.

Lyme Disease

1994 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 167-173
Author(s):  
Robert S. Baltimore ◽  
Eugene D. Shapiro
Keyword(s):  
Lyme Disease ◽  
Lyme Borreliosis ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Systemic Infection ◽  
The United States ◽  
Lyme Arthritis ◽  
Medical Attention ◽  
The Us ◽  
Ixodes Ticks ◽  
The Common

Introduction and Definitions Lyme borreliosis (Lyme disease) is a systemic infection caused by a spirochete, Borrelia burgdoferi. It is the most common vector-borne disease in the United States. Lyme disease was first described in Lyme, Connecticut (hence its name), where a cluster of children who had unexplained arthritis first were brought to medical attention by one of their parents. Investigation of this "epidemic" of arthritis led to the description of Lyme arthritis and ultimately to the discovery of its bacterial etiology. The clinical manifestations of Lyme borreliosis are protean; this, coupled with the practical difficulties of confirming the diagnosis in many patients, has led to many misconceptions about Lyme disease. Indeed, there is much we do not know about the disease, which was only recognized in the US as a distinct entity slightly more than 15 years ago, and the cause of which was first identified only about 10 years ago. Epidemiology ECOLOGY AND TRANSMISSION Borrelia burgdorferi is transmitted by ticks of the Ixodid species. In the US, the common vectors are Ixodes dammini (the deer tick), reported to be the same species as I scapularis, in the Northeast and the Midwest and I pacificus (the western black-legged tick) on the Pacific Coast. Ixodes ticks are much smaller than the common wood tick; the nymphal Ixodes tick is about the size of a pencil point (1 to 2 mm).

Failure of Ixodes Ticks To InheritBorrelia afzelii Infection

1998 ◽  
Vol 64 (8) ◽  
pp. 3089-3091 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franz-Rainer Matuschka ◽  
Thomas W. Schinkel ◽  
Birte Klug ◽  
Andrew Spielman ◽  
Dania Richter
Keyword(s):  
Lyme Disease ◽  
Serial Passage ◽  
Dark Field ◽  
Borrelia Afzelii ◽  
Dark Field Microscopy ◽  
Ixodes Ticks

ABSTRACT To define conditions promoting inherited infection by Lyme disease spirochetes in Ixodes ticks, we variously infected ticks with Borrelia afzelii and examined their progenies by dark-field microscopy, immunofluorescence, PCR, and serial passage. No episode of inherited infection was evident, regardless of instar or gender infected or frequency of exposure. We suggest that these spirochetes rarely, if ever, are inherited by vector ticks.

scholarly journals Coinfections Acquired from Ixodes Ticks

2006 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 708-727 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen J. Swanson ◽  
David Neitzel ◽  
Kurt D. Reed ◽  
Edward A. Belongia
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
North America ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Lyme Disease ◽  
Laboratory Testing ◽  
Geographic Location ◽  
Test Results ◽  
True Prevalence ◽  
Laboratory Test Results ◽  
Ixodes Ticks

SUMMARY The pathogens that cause Lyme disease (LD), human anaplasmosis, and babesiosis can coexist in Ixodes ticks and cause human coinfections. Although the risk of human coinfection differs by geographic location, the true prevalence of coinfecting pathogens among Ixodes ticks remains largely unknown for the majority of geographic locations. The prevalence of dually infected Ixodes ticks appears highest among ticks from regions of North America and Europe where LD is endemic, with reported prevalences of ≤28%. In North America and Europe, the majority of tick-borne coinfections occur among humans with diagnosed LD. Humans coinfected with LD and babesiosis appear to have more intense, prolonged symptoms than those with LD alone. Coinfected persons can also manifest diverse, influenza-like symptoms, and abnormal laboratory test results are frequently observed. Coinfecting pathogens might alter the efficiency of transmission, cause cooperative or competitive pathogen interactions, and alter disease severity among hosts. No prospective studies to assess the immunologic effects of coinfection among humans have been conducted, but animal models demonstrate that certain coinfections can modulate the immune response. Clinicians should consider the likelihood of coinfection when pursuing laboratory testing or selecting therapy for patients with tick-borne illness.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Borrelia burgdorferi Ticks-Ventors in Landscape-Geographical Zones of Chernivtsi Region

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 224-230
Author(s):  
I.V. Trefanenko ◽  
◽  
L.I. Tymofiichuk ◽  
S.I. Grechko ◽  
T.V. Reva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lyme Disease ◽  
Borrelia Burgdorferi ◽  
Bacterial Contamination ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
The United States ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Carpathian Mountains ◽  
The Carpathians ◽  
Mountain Zone ◽  
Ixodes Ticks

The list of human infectious diseases has recently significantly expanded due to new focal infections that are transmitted by the bite of blood-sucking arthropods. Ixodes ticks borrelioses, including Lyme disease, remain the most common naturally occurring transmissible infection in the United States, Europe, and Ukraine in particular. Material and methods. For the last 10 years in Ukraine there has been a tendency to increase the incidence of Lyme disease with an intensive rate from 0.12 in 2000 to 6.45 in 2016. The incidence of Lyme disease in Chernivtsi region during the period under analysis increased by 30 (with an increase in the intensive rate from 0.11% in 2000 to 3.31% in 2016). The purpose of the work was to investigate the prevalence of Ixodes ticks, including positive findings on Borrelia burgdorferi in Chernivtsi region for the period of 2018-2019. Results and discussion. We used the common division of Chernivtsi region into landscape-geographical zones. According to its relief, the territory of Chernivtsi region is divided into a mountain zone (the Bukovynian Carpathians), foothills (Prut-Sirets interfluve) and plain (Prut-Dniester interfluve, forest-steppe zone). We analyzed indicators of the relative number of Ixodes ticks in landscape-geographical areas and the percentage of Ixodes ticks with positive findings, i.e. those that carry the pathogenic Borrelia burgdorferi. Statistical analysis of the obtained data was performed by the method of determining the confidence interval, the level of probability was taken as p≤0.05. The data comparison obtained in 2018 and 2019 showed that during the study period there was a significant increase in the number of ticks that transmit pathogenic Borrelia, in all regions except the mountain zone, especially prominent in the foothills of the Carpathians. Using statistics data, risk of detection was calculated, which is interpreted as the risk of Lyme disease infection when bitten by a tick. When comparing the zones of the foothills of the Carpathians (19.5%) and the Carpathian Mountains (21%) in 2018 the risk of detection was established at 0.92 [0.63-1.36], and in 2019 – the foothills of the Carpathians (41%) and the Carpathian Mountains (15%), respectively, risk of detection equaled 2.7 [1.66-4.41]. The risk of detection of 1.4 [1.66-4.41] was set for both years. When comparing the foothills of the Carpathians (19.5%) and the Forest-Steppe zone (13.5%) in 2018, the risk of detection was 1.44 [1.01-2.06], and in 2019 - the Foothills of the Carpathians (41%) and the Forest-Steppe zone (24%), respectively, risk of detection – 1.56 [1,17-2,09]. The risk of detection of 1.5 [1.2-1.89] was set for both years. During the next stage of the study, we compared the prevalence of Ixodes ticks, which could cause borreliosis, with bacterial contamination of water in the relevant areas. We found a reliable correlation of medium strength between bacterial contamination of water and the percentage of infected ticks – Cramer coefficient was 0.37. Conclusion. Thus, we found an increase in the number of Ixodes ticks, including Borrelia burgdorferi, in Chernivtsi region over the past two years. The risk of infection with borreliosis from Ixodes ticks had a significant increase and extended from the Forest-Steppe zone to the Foothills and the Carpathian Mountains in the period from 2018 till 2019. A significant correlation was found between bacterial water contamination and the percentage of infected Ixodes ticks in Chernivtsi region

scholarly journals Microbiome Composition and Borrelia Detection in Ixodes scapularis Ticks at the Northwestern Edge of Their Range

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 173
Author(s):  
Janet L. H. Sperling ◽  
Daniel Fitzgerald ◽  
Felix A. H. Sperling ◽  
Katharine E. Magor
Keyword(s):  
Lyme Disease ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Disease Surveillance ◽  
Ixodes Scapularis ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Surveillance Program ◽  
Associated Bacteria ◽  
Microbiome Composition ◽  
Bacterial Microbiome ◽  
Ixodes Ticks

Lyme disease-causing Borrelia burgdorferi has been reported in 10–19% of Ixodes ticks from Alberta, Canada, where the tick vector Ixodes scapularis is at the northwestern edge of its range. However, the presence of Borrelia has not been verified independently, and the bacterial microbiome of these ticks has not been described. We performed 16S rRNA bacterial surveys on female I. scapularis from Alberta that were previously qPCR-tested in a Lyme disease surveillance program. Both 16S and qPCR methods were concordant for the presence of Borrelia. The 16S studies also provided a profile of associated bacteria that showed the microbiome of I. scapularis in Alberta was similar to other areas of North America. Ticks that were qPCR-positive for Borrelia had significantly greater bacterial diversity than Borrelia-negative ticks, on the basis of generalized linear model testing. This study adds value to ongoing tick surveillance and is a foundation for deeper understanding of tick microbial ecology and disease transmission in a region where I. scapularis range expansion, induced by climate and land use changes, is likely to have increasing public health implications.

scholarly journals Borrelia burgdorferi OspA is an arthropod-specific transmission-blocking Lyme disease vaccine.

1996 ◽  
Vol 183 (1) ◽  
pp. 271-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
A M de Silva ◽  
S R Telford ◽  
L R Brunet ◽  
S W Barthold ◽  
E Fikrig
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Lyme Disease ◽  
Borrelia Burgdorferi ◽  
Blood Meal ◽  
Surface Protein ◽  
Block Transmission ◽  
Tick Attachment ◽  
Lyme Disease Vaccine ◽  
Ixodes Ticks ◽  
Circulating Antibodies

Borrelia burgdorferi, the spirochetal agent of Lyme disease, is transmitted by Ixodes ticks. A vaccine based on B. burgdorferi outer surface protein (Osp) A protects mice from spirochete infection. Here we report on the expression of OspA on spirochetes inside engorging ticks and relate OspA expression to antispirochetal immunity. Spirochetes in the gut of unfed nymphal ticks were stained by an OspA antibody, whereas in feeding ticks, the majority of spirochetes in the gut and salivary glands did not stain with the antibody. Thus, OspA was not expressed on most spirochetes during transmission from the vector to the vertebrate host. To examine the mechanism of protection afforded by OspA antibody, mice were passively immunized with OspA antibody at different times relative to tick attachment. When OspA antibody was administered to mice before or at the time of tick attachment, spirochetal development events in the vector, such as growth and salivary gland invasion, were blocked and the mice were protected from B. burgdorferi infection. When OspA antibody was administered to mice 48 h after tick attachment, spirochetes persisted in the nymphs and the mice were not protected despite the presence of circulating antibodies in the host as well as in the tick blood meal. Thus, OspA immunity appears to be effective only during a narrow window time at the beginning of the blood meal when antibodies bind to OspA-expressing spirochetes in the tick gut and block transmission from the vector to the host.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document