Chloroplast diversity in the genus Malus : new insights into the relationship between the European wild apple ( Malus sylvestris (L.) Mill.) and the domesticated apple ( Malus domestica Borkh.)

2006 ◽  
Vol 15 (8) ◽  
pp. 2171-2182 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. COART ◽  
S. VAN GLABEKE ◽  
M. DE LOOSE ◽  
A. S. LARSEN ◽  
I. ROLDÁN‐RUIZ
Keyword(s):  
Malus Domestica ◽  
Malus Domestica Borkh ◽  
Malus Sylvestris ◽  
The Relationship

scholarly journals Hybridisation of Malus sylvestris (L.) Mill. with Malus × domestica Borkh. and Implications for the Production of Forest Reproductive Material

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 367
Author(s):  
Mateja Kišek ◽  
Kristjan Jarni ◽  
Robert Brus
Keyword(s):  
Malus Domestica ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Genetic Characteristics ◽  
Malus Domestica Borkh ◽  
Malus Sylvestris ◽  
Forest Reproductive Material ◽  
Reproductive Material ◽  
Crab Apple

This study focuses on the morphological and genetic characteristics of European crab apple (Malus sylvestris (L.) Mill.) and the occurrence of hybrids in its populations. We analyzed a total of 107 putative European crab apple trees in Slovenia: 92 from nine natural populations, five from a seed stand and 10 from a stand of unnatural origin. We also included 18 domesticated apple trees (Malus × domestica Borkh.) and two Japanese flowering crab apple trees (Malusfloribunda van Houtte) as outliers. The trees were classified into groups of European crab apples, hybrids and domesticated apples according to their morphological and genetic characteristics. Classification based on morphological traits produced different results (58.75% European crab apple, 37.11% hybrids and 4.14% domesticated apple) compared to those based on genetic analysis (70.10% European crab apple, 21.64% hybrids and 8.26% domesticated apple). When genetic and morphological characteristics were combined, only 40.20% of the trees were classified as European crab apple, and an additional group of feral cultivars of domesticated apples (6.18%) was identified. The analysis revealed that hybridization with domesticated apple is taking place in all studied natural European crab apple populations; however, hybrids and feral cultivars only occur to a limited extent. When introducing European crab apple into forests in the future, only genetically verified forest reproductive material obtained exclusively from suitable seed stands should be used.

scholarly journals RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TEMPERATURE AND COLOR DEVELOPMENT IN THREE RED DELICIOUS APPLE STRAINS.

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1100g-1100
Author(s):  
S. Singha ◽  
T. A. Baugher ◽  
E. C. Townsend
Keyword(s):  
Malus Domestica ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Strain Measurements ◽  
Malus Domestica Borkh ◽  
Color Development ◽  
The Relationship

The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between temperature and color development in 3 strains of Red Delicious apple (Malus domestica Borkh). The strains `Scarlett Spur', `Ultrastripe' and `Starkrimson' were chosen based on variation in coloration. Chromaticity values (L* a* b*) were measured with a Minolta CR-200b calorimeter on 5 tagged apples on each of 4 trees of each strain. Measurements were made at approximately the same location on each fruit 23 times from July 11 through September 25, 1989. Differences in a*/b* ratio among strains were observed as early as the first sampling date; with `Scarlet Spur' having the highest ratio and `Starkrimson' the lowest. These differences were maintained for most the growing season. Temperature below 21C tended to enhance color development, whereas temperature above 21C reduced coloration. Temperature affected all 3 strains similarly.

scholarly journals RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TEMPERATURE AND COLOR DEVELOPMENT IN THREE RED DELICIOUS APPLE STRAINS.

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1100G-1100
Author(s):  
S. Singha ◽  
T. A. Baugher ◽  
E. C. Townsend
Keyword(s):  
Malus Domestica ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Strain Measurements ◽  
Malus Domestica Borkh ◽  
Color Development ◽  
The Relationship

The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between temperature and color development in 3 strains of Red Delicious apple (Malus domestica Borkh). The strains `Scarlett Spur', `Ultrastripe' and `Starkrimson' were chosen based on variation in coloration. Chromaticity values (L* a* b*) were measured with a Minolta CR-200b calorimeter on 5 tagged apples on each of 4 trees of each strain. Measurements were made at approximately the same location on each fruit 23 times from July 11 through September 25, 1989. Differences in a*/b* ratio among strains were observed as early as the first sampling date; with `Scarlet Spur' having the highest ratio and `Starkrimson' the lowest. These differences were maintained for most the growing season. Temperature below 21C tended to enhance color development, whereas temperature above 21C reduced coloration. Temperature affected all 3 strains similarly.

scholarly journals Differential Allelic Richness between Malus sylvestris L. and Malus × domestica Borkh. from Finland as a Measure of Genetic Loss

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (24) ◽  
pp. 6949 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lidija Bitz ◽  
Maarit Heinonen ◽  
Sirpa Moisander ◽  
Pirjo Tanhuanpää ◽  
Jukka Sarvarinne
Keyword(s):  
Malus Domestica ◽  
Habitat Degradation ◽  
Gene Diversity ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Genetic Erosion ◽  
Malus Domestica Borkh ◽  
Molecular Genetic Diversity ◽  
Malus Sylvestris ◽  
Northern Edge ◽  
Distribution In Europe

European wild apple (Malus sylvestris L.) is the only Malus wild species native to Europe which is a relative of cultivated apples (Malus × domestica Borkh.). It grows on forests’ edges, farmland hedges, and marginal sites; by living in those scattered meta-populations, it is exposed to genetic erosion in relation to hybridization and habitat degradation. In Finland, it grows at the northern edge of its distribution in Europe and is considered as a near-threatened taxon requiring urgent conservation. In order to evaluate the molecular genetic diversity of M. sylvestris, five populations including 43 trees were analyzed using 15 microsatellite markers. Additionally, a similar number of samples from cultivated apples, which are common to the same region, was included in order to estimate gene diversity gaps and give an insight into putative hybridization. European wild apple in Finland proved to be populationally structured, and seems not to be threatened by introgression events from its cultivated relative. They were all separated into different clusters, except for one individual. However, urgent conservation is indeed needed, especially due to the very low total number of trees (four) in some of the analyzed populations. These populations should be restored in order to enable permanent access to the wild relatives’ diversity, as they might be a critical source of gene variants for future needs.

Effect of soil compost application on the dry matter and Ca contents of the leaves in an organic apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) orchard

2014 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 315-328
Author(s):  
Anita Szabó ◽  
Ádám Csihon ◽  
Andrea Balla-Kovács ◽  
István Gonda ◽  
Imre Vágó
Keyword(s):  
Malus Domestica ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Malus Domestica Borkh ◽  
Golden Delicious ◽  
Compost Application

Ökológiai termesztésű almaültetvényben eltérő komposztadagok (0, 10, 25 és 50 kg N·ha−1) hatását vizsgáltuk a talaj tápelemtartalmának változására (0–30 és 30–60 cm-es mélységben). Mértük az egyes almafajták (Golden Delicious és Pinova) levelének szárazanyag- és Ca-tartalmát, továbbá vizsgáltuk e paraméterek alakulásának egymáshoz való viszonyát.A szabadföldi kísérletet a Debreceni Egyetem Kertészettudományi Intézetének Pallagi Kísérleti Telepén, a talaj- és növényminták analízisét az Agrokémiai és Talajtani Intézet laboratóriumaiban végeztük.A 2011. és 2012. évi eredményeket összevetve lényeges csökkenés mutatkozott a talaj AL-oldható P-tartalmában. Az évek múlásával jelentősen nőtt azonban a talajban a nitrát-, ammónia-, szerves-N és CaCl2-Mg tartalom a kijuttatott komposztadagok hatására. Az AL-K, -Ca, -Mg, a CaCl2-P, -K mennyisége és a pH közel azonosnak mondható.Az első kísérleti évben (2010-ben) még nem volt hatása a komposztnak. 2011-ben már észleltünk hatást, de a fagykár miatt nem volt termés a fákon. 2012-ben a nagy termésterhelés mellett is növekedést tapasztaltunk a szárazanyag-tartalom alakulásában mind a Golden Delicious, mind a Pinova fajták esetében. Adott kezeléseken belül az eltérő termésmennyiségekkel, továbbá az évjárattal összefüggő tendenciákat fedeztünk fel. A rendkívül csapadékos évben (2010) alacsony, míg az aszályos évben (2012) nagy szárazanyag-tartalom értékeket mértünk a levélben. A Golden Delicious és a Pinova esetében kapott tendencia fajtától, kezelés- és termesztés-technológiától függetlenül hasonló.A komposzt hatására 2010-ben a Golden Delicious leveleiben kismértékű, a Pinova leveleiben szignifikáns Ca-tartalombeli növekedést mértünk. Az évjárat hatásáról elmondható, hogy csapadékos évben a szakirodalmi adatoknál magasabb, míg száraz, terméshiányos évben alacsonyabb Ca-tartalommal számolhattunk. Bár a Ca-szintek alakulása tendenciájában megegyezett a két almafajta esetében, mégis megállapítható, hogy a Pinova leveleinek elemtartalma nagyobb volt, mint a Golden Delicious fáké.A levelek szárazanyag-tartalma és Ca-tartalma között fordított arányosságot bizonyítottunk.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document