scholarly journals Hybridisation of Malus sylvestris (L.) Mill. with Malus × domestica Borkh. and Implications for the Production of Forest Reproductive Material

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 367
Author(s):  
Mateja Kišek ◽  
Kristjan Jarni ◽  
Robert Brus
Keyword(s):  
Malus Domestica ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Genetic Characteristics ◽  
Malus Domestica Borkh ◽  
Malus Sylvestris ◽  
Forest Reproductive Material ◽  
Reproductive Material ◽  
Crab Apple

This study focuses on the morphological and genetic characteristics of European crab apple (Malus sylvestris (L.) Mill.) and the occurrence of hybrids in its populations. We analyzed a total of 107 putative European crab apple trees in Slovenia: 92 from nine natural populations, five from a seed stand and 10 from a stand of unnatural origin. We also included 18 domesticated apple trees (Malus × domestica Borkh.) and two Japanese flowering crab apple trees (Malusfloribunda van Houtte) as outliers. The trees were classified into groups of European crab apples, hybrids and domesticated apples according to their morphological and genetic characteristics. Classification based on morphological traits produced different results (58.75% European crab apple, 37.11% hybrids and 4.14% domesticated apple) compared to those based on genetic analysis (70.10% European crab apple, 21.64% hybrids and 8.26% domesticated apple). When genetic and morphological characteristics were combined, only 40.20% of the trees were classified as European crab apple, and an additional group of feral cultivars of domesticated apples (6.18%) was identified. The analysis revealed that hybridization with domesticated apple is taking place in all studied natural European crab apple populations; however, hybrids and feral cultivars only occur to a limited extent. When introducing European crab apple into forests in the future, only genetically verified forest reproductive material obtained exclusively from suitable seed stands should be used.

MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF STEMS AND ROOTS USED TO DISTINGUISH STANDARD FROM IRRADIATION-INDUCED VARIANT APPLE TREES

1982 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 513-518
Author(s):  
B. J. PARLIMAN ◽  
C. STUSHNOFF
Keyword(s):  
Malus Domestica ◽  
Selection Criteria ◽  
Apple Tree ◽  
Growth Habit ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Root Bark ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Malus Domestica Borkh ◽  
Gamma Irradiated

Beacon apple tree (Malus domestica Borkh.) variants derived from gamma-irradiated scionwood on Columbia Crab seedling (CC) rootstocks were compared to both standard Beacon/clonal rootstocks, standard Beacon/CC rootstocks and Columbia Crab seedling trees. Stem or root measurements of trees classed as induced spur-type dwarf variants/CC rootstocks had larger bark to xylem ratios than trees from other growth habit classes. Stem and root bark to xylem ratios have the potential to be used as juvenile selection criteria in screening for spur-type dwarf variants in irradiation-exposed apple tree populations.

THE EFFECTS OF SURFACE-APPLIED CALCIUM ON SOIL AND MATURE SPARTAN APPLE TREES

1981 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 295-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. H. NEILSEN ◽  
E. HOGUE ◽  
B. G. DROUGHT
Keyword(s):  
Malus Domestica ◽  
Calcium Sulfate ◽  
Surface Soil ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Hydrated Lime ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Malus Domestica Borkh ◽  
Exchangeable Ca ◽  
Mature Apple

In 1975, hydrated lime and calcium sulfate were applied to a Rutland gravelly sandy loam under the canopy of mature apple trees (Malus domestica Borkh. ’Spartan’) on M16 at 3000, 6000, 3 × 2000 and at 3000, 6000, 3 × 4000 kg/ha, respectively, pH and exchangeable Ca, Mg and Mn were measured in the soil sampled in 1979 at 10-cm intervals to a 60-cm depth for each of the check, 6000 kg/ha Ca(OH)2 and 12 000 kg/ha gypsum treatments. The acidity of the surface soil was decreased significantly in the 6000 kg/ha Ca(OH)2 treatment. Negligible soil Ca accumulation occurred below the surface 10-cm depth for any treatment. Soil Mn was decreased from the surface to the 20-cm level in the Ca(OH)2 treatment while soil Mg was decreased from the surface to the 30-cm level in the gypsum treatment. Fruit Ca concentration at harvest, 1975–1979 was not increased by soil Ca treatments. Leaf Mg was often reduced by soil gpysum applications in excess of 3000 kg/ha. Leaf Mn reduction did not occur until the 4th and 5th yr of the experiment in the 6000 and the 3 × 2000 kg/ha Ca(OH)2 treatments.

scholarly journals Effect of boron fertilization of apple trees (Malus domestica Borkh.) on uptake and distribution of mineral elements

2013 ◽  
Vol 51 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 127-137
Author(s):  
Paweł Wójcik
Keyword(s):  
Malus Domestica ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Mineral Elements ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Malus Domestica Borkh ◽  
Plant Parts

The aim of this study was to examine effect of boron (B) fertilization of 'Šampion' apple trees (Malus domestica Borkh.) grafted on M.26 rootstock on uptake and distribution of mineral elements. The trees were planted at a distance of 4,0 x 2,5 m on sandy-loam soil with low hot-water extractable B content. The study was carried out in 1994-1996 in Dąbrowice Experimental Station located near Skierniewice. The following treatments were applied: (i) soil B application at a rate of 2g B tree<sup>-1</sup> as Bortrac fertilizer (16% B in form of boric acid); (ii) three times leaf B applications before full bloom at a rate of0,67g B tree' at the stage: green and pink bud and beginning of flowering; (iii) three times leaf B applications after bloom at a rate of0,67g B tree<sup>-1</sup>. First spraying was applied at petal fall and next two ones at 2-weeks interval; (iv) control-trees unfer tilized with B. The measurements included: soil chemical analysis (contents of available phosphorus (P) and boron (B) and exchange potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), and calcium (Ca) and plant analysis (concentrations of N,P,K,Mg,Ca and B in the spur leaves, the leaves from oneyear-old shoots and the apple flesh). It was shown that B fertilization had not effect on N uptake and its distribution within apple tree. It was found that soil B application stimulated P uptake which increased concentration of this element in the spur leaves, the leaves from current shoots and the apple flesh. Boron sprayings after bloom increased Ca uptake which rised Ca concentration in studied plant parts. Additionally, leaf B application after bloom reduced plant Mg uptake. As a result of B sprayings after bloom, K concentration was increased in the spur leaves and decreased in the apple flesh. Boron spraying before bloom was less effective in increasing this microelement in plant than leaf B applications after bloom and soil B application.

Stomata Polymorphism in Leaves of Apple Trees (Malus domestica Borkh.) Growing under Mountain and Plain Conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 352-363
Author(s):  
A. V. Babosha ◽  
T. Kh. Kumachova ◽  
A. S. Ryabchenko ◽  
G. I. Komarova
Keyword(s):  
Malus Domestica ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Malus Domestica Borkh

THE EFFECT OF DIFFERENT CALCIUM LEVELS ON CATION CONCENTRATION IN LEAVES AND FRUIT OF APPLE TREES

1983 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 473-479 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. J. HOGUE ◽  
G. H. NEILSEN ◽  
J. L. MASON ◽  
B. G. DROUGHT
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Malus Domestica ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Malus Domestica Borkh ◽  
Cation Concentration ◽  
Golden Delicious ◽  
Calcium Cations ◽  
Mg Content

Increasing the calcium levels from 32 to 256 mg/L in a Long Ashton nutrient solution increased the Ca but decreased the Mg content in leaves and fruit of three cultivars of apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) grown in solution. Simultaneously, the levels of K were reduced and the levels of Mn were increased.in the leaves but levels of K were not affected in the fruit. The cation levels in leaves differed between cultivars and years of testing. Golden Delicious leaves had consistently higher levels of Ca than Delicious and McIntosh, and higher K and Mn, but not Mg than McIntosh. The levels of Mg and Mn in Golden Delicious leaves were significantly lower than in Delicious but K levels were higher.Key words: Calcium, cations, apple, hydroponics

EFFECTS OF FREQUENCY OF IRRIGATION ON NUTRIENT UPTAKE OF APPLE TREES

1986 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 177-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. H. NEILSEN ◽  
D. S. STEVENSON
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Malus Domestica ◽  
Nutrient Concentration ◽  
Irrigation Frequency ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
N Nutrition ◽  
Malus Domestica Borkh ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Leaf Nutrient Concentration ◽  
Leaf N

Throughout the 1980–1983 growing seasons, ’Summerland Red McIntosh’ apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) on M.26 rootstock growing outdoors in large buried pots with a range of N nutrition were irrigated daily or twice weekly with the same quantity of water (equivalent to 5.9 mm∙day−1) Irrigation frequency affected leaf nutrient concentration; leaf Mn and Zn increased in 3 of 4 yr, leaf Ca and Mg in 2 yr and leaf N in 1 yr at the daily irrigation frequency.Key words: Irrigation frequency, McIntosh apple trees, leaf N, leaf Ca, leaf Mg, leaf Zn, leaf Mn

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document