Tomato yellow leaf distortion virus, a new bipartite begomovirus infecting tomato in Cuba

Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV), a monopartite virus in the genus Begomovirus (family, Geminiviridae) from the Middle East, is one of the most damaging whitefly-transmitted viruses of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) worldwide. TYLCV was first identified in the United States in 1997 in Florida (4), and most recently, in the Pacific Coast states of Mexico where fresh market tomatoes are grown for the U.S. market (1). During September 2006, tomatoes grown from transplants in Waller County, TX exhibited shortened internodes, stunting and puckering of leaflets, green vein banding, and diffuse chlorosis. The disease incidence in two fields (4 ha total) was 95% and yield was substantially reduced. Many of the transplants were symptomatic at planting. The transplants originated from two facilities in Hidalgo County, TX. Both facilities had experienced heavy infestations of the whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Genn.), during transplant production. At the same time, transplants produced in Uvalde and Bexar counties, TX, where whitefly infestations were also prevalent, had similar virus symptoms. Total DNA was extracted from the leaves of symptomatic tomato plants from 10 samples from these four counties and amplified by PCR (2). DNA samples from Waller, Hidalgo, and Uvalde counties were cloned, and a partial fragment of the viral coat protein gene (core Cp) was sequenced. BLAST analysis of the core Cp sequences of each sample confirmed the presence of TYLCV. No other begomovirus was detected, and all attempts to amplify a bipartite begomovirus by PCR using degenerate DNA-B specific primers (3) were unsuccessful. The full-length TYLCV DNA was amplified from three samples using the rolling circle amplification method as described (1), cloned, and the sequences were determined. The three sequences shared 99.6 to 100% nt identity and so only one sequence was deposited in the NCBI GenBank database (Accession No. EF110890) (1). Analysis of the complete genome nucleotide sequence corroborated TYLCV identity predicted by core Cp analysis that was 98.1% identical with TYLCV from Egypt (GenBank Accession No. AY594174) and Spain (GenBank Accession No. AJ489258), 97.6% with TYLCV from Mexico (GenBank Accession No. DQ631892), and 96.5% with TYLCV-Is (GenBank Accession No. X15656). Additionally, a Southern blot with TYLCV as the probe detected replicating (double-stranded) TYLCV DNA in all samples consisting of three plants from Uvalde County and 21 plants from Bexar County. To our knowledge, this is the first report of TYLCV in Texas that occurred in two transplant production areas approximately 400 km apart. Transplants produced in Uvalde and Bexar counties were planted there, while Hidalgo County transplants were shipped outside of the usual range of the whitefly. Hidalgo County has a subtropical climate, which can allow overwintering of TYLCV and the whitefly vector, allowing the establishment and spread of this virus in the future. References: (1) J. K. Brown and A. M. Idris. Plant Dis. 90:1360, 2006. (2) J. K. Brown et al. Arch. Virol. 146:1581, 2001. (3) A. M. Idris and J. K. Brown. Phytopathology 88:648, 1998. (4) J. E. Polston et al. Plant Dis. 83:984, 1999.

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First Report of Tomato yellow leaf curl Kanchanaburi virus Infecting Eggplant in Laos

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-07-13-0696-pdn ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 98 (3) ◽

pp. 428-428 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Y. F. Tang ◽

Z. F. He ◽

Z. G. Du ◽

L. H. Lu

Keyword(s):

Rolling Circle Amplification ◽

Mosaic Disease ◽

Tomato Yellow Leaf ◽

Full Length ◽

Bipartite Begomovirus ◽

Yellow Leaf ◽

Putative Orfs ◽

Rolling Circle ◽

First Report ◽

Leaf Curl

Tomato yellow leaf curl Kanchanaburi virus (TYLCKaV) is a bipartite begomovirus (genus Begomovirus, family Geminiviridae) reported to infect tomato and eggplant in Thailand and Vietnam (1,2). In April 2013, eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) plants exhibiting yellow mosaic symptoms were found in a suburb of Vientiane, Laos. Three symptomatic samples were collected. Total DNA was extracted from leaves by the CTAB method, and used as template for PCR using the degenerate primer pair AV494/CoPR (3). The PCR results suggested that the plants were infected by a begomovirus. The begomoviral genome was amplified by rolling circle amplification (RCA) with TempliPhi kit (GE Healthcare) following the manufacturer's protocol. RCA product was digested with the endonucleases BamH I, EcoR I, Hind III, Kpn I, Pst I, and Xba I, respectively. The fragments about 2.1 kbp (with Pst I digestion) and 1.5 kbp (with Xba I digestion) in size were cloned and sequenced. The sequence of the 2.1-kbp fragment showed similarity with begomovirus DNA-A component. A pair of primers for amplification of the full-length DNA-A, AF (5′-CTTCATCGTTTCTCAGCATCAT-3′) and AR (5′-CACTTGCACACGATCTCTAAGA-3′) were designed from the 2.1-kbp sequence. The full-length DNA-A was 2,752 nucleotides and encoded six putative ORFs (GenBank Accession No. KF218820). The sequence of the 1.5-kbp fragment shared similarity with begomoviruses DNA-B. The begomoviral circular DNA-B was amplified using the pair of primers BF (5′-GTAACAGCCGAAGTGCACG-3′) and BR (5′-AATGGAGAGACACCAGTCTGCC-3′) designed from the 1.5-kbp sequence. PCR yielded a product of expected size (~1.4 kbp). The full-length DNA-B sequence was obtained by assembling the two sequences. The DNA-B was 2,734 nucleotides and encoded two putative ORFs (GenBank Accession No. KF218821). The sequences of DNA-A and DNA-B of isolate Laos shared the highest nucleotide sequences identities at 99.0% and 98.0% with those of TYLCKaV-[TH:Kan 1:01] (AF511529), and [TH:Kan 2:Egg:01] (AF511527), respectively. The results indicated that the virus associated with eggplant yellow mosaic disease was an isolate of TYLCKaV. To our knowledge, this is the first report of this begomovirus in Laos. Our results indicate that this virus may be spreading in Southeast Asia and scientists there should be aware of this virus when developing begomovirus-resistant varieties of tomato or eggplant. References: (1) S. K. Green et al. Plant Dis. 87:446, 2003. (2) C. Ha et al. J. Gen. Virol. 89:312, 2008.(3) Z. F. He et al. Arch. Virol. 154:1199, 2009.

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First Report of Tomato yellow leaf curl virus Infecting Tomato, Tomatillo, and Peppers in Guatemala

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-94-4-0482c ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 94 (4) ◽

pp. 482-482 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

R. Salati ◽

M. Shorey ◽

A. Briggs ◽

J. Calderon ◽

M. R. Rojas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blot Hybridization ◽

Tomato Yellow Leaf ◽

Full Length ◽

Bipartite Begomovirus ◽

Yellow Leaf ◽

Sequence Analyses ◽

Degenerate Primers ◽

Begomovirus Infection ◽

Leaf Curl Virus ◽

Leaf Curl

In Guatemala and other Central American countries, whitefly-transmitted geminiviruses (begomoviruses) cause economically important diseases of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and pepper (Capsicum annuum). Disease symptoms include stunted and distorted growth and leaf curling, crumpling, light green to yellow mosaic, purpling, and vein swelling. In Guatemala, at least eight bipartite begomovirus species infect tomato or peppers (1), but their role and relative importance is unclear. As part of an Integrated Pest Management strategy to manage these diseases, surveys for begomovirus symptoms in pepper and tomato have been conducted in the Salama Valley, Sanarate, and other locations since 2003, and begomoviruses were identified by squash blot hybridization, PCR and DNA sequencing. Beginning in 2006, a new type of symptom, stunted upright growth and upcurled leaves with yellowing of the margins and interveinal areas, was observed in tomato and tomatillo plants in the Salama Valley and Sanarate. These symptoms were similar to those induced by the exotic monopartite begomovirus Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV). Evidence that TYLCV caused these symptoms came from positive results in high stringency squash blot hybridization tests with a TYLCV probe, and amplification of the expected size of ~0.3- and 2.8-kb fragments in PCR tests with TYLCV capsid protein (CP) gene and full-length component primer pairs, respectively (3). Sequence analyses of PCR-amplified CP fragments and portions of full-length fragments revealed 97 to 99% identity with isolates of TYLCV-Israel (TYLCV-IL). The complete nucleotide sequence of an isolate from the Salama Valley (GenBank Accession No. GU355941) was >99% identical to those of TYLCV-IL isolates from the Dominican Republic, Florida, and Cuba and ~97% identical to those of isolates from Mexico and California. Thus, this TYLCV-IL isolate (TYLCV-IL[GT:06]) was probably introduced from the Caribbean Region. To further characterize begomoviruses in the Salama Valley, leaf samples were collected from 44 and 118 tomato plants showing symptoms of begomovirus infection in March 2006 and 2007, respectively, and from 106 symptomatic pepper plants in March 2007. Begomovirus infection was confirmed in 42 of 44 and 93 of 118 of the tomato samples and 100 of 106 of the pepper samples based on PCR amplification of the expected size of ~0.6- and 1.1-kb DNA fragments with the begomovirus degenerate primers pairs AV494/AC1048 and PAL1v1978/PAR1c496, respectively (2,4). Sequence analyses of cloned PCR-amplified fragments revealed that 3 of the 44 and 16 of the 118 tomato samples collected in 2006 and 2007, respectively, and 9 of the 106 pepper samples were infected with TYLCV based on >97% identity with TYLCV-IL. In all samples, TYLCV was present in mixed infections with other begomoviruses. The introduction of TYLCV adds to the already high level of genetic complexity of bipartite begomovirus infection of tomatoes and peppers in Guatemala and will undoubtedly complicate disease management efforts. References: (1) M. K. Nakhla et al. Acta Hortic. 695:277, 2005. (2) M. R. Rojas et al. Plant Dis. 77:340, 1993. (3) R. Salati et al. Phytopathology 92:487, 2002. (4) S. D. Wyatt and J. Brown. Phytopathology 86:1288, 1996.

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Molecular Characterization of a New Begomovirus Associated with Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl and Eggplant Yellow Mosaic Diseases in Thailand

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis.2003.87.4.446a ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 87 (4) ◽

pp. 446-446 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

S. K. Green ◽

W. S. Tsai ◽

S. L. Shih ◽

M. A. Rezaian ◽

U. Duangsong

Keyword(s):

Tomato Yellow Leaf ◽

Open Reading Frames ◽

Degenerate Primer ◽

Computer Assisted ◽

Bipartite Begomovirus ◽

Yellow Leaf ◽

Sequence Comparisons ◽

Ageratum Yellow Vein Virus ◽

Virus Isolates ◽

Leaf Curl

Leaf curl and yellowing symptoms on tomato, and yellow mosaic symptoms on eggplant, are frequently observed in Kanchanaburi Province, Thailand. DNA was extracted from leaves of 13 symptomatic tomato and six symptomatic eggplant samples by the method of Gilbertson et al (1). Viral DNA was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using the begomovirus-specific degenerate primer pair PAL1v1978/PAR1c715 (3), which amplified a 1.4-kb fragment of DNA-A. All samples, except one eggplant sample, yielded the expected product. The 1.4-kb PCR products of one tomato and one eggplant sample were cloned and sequenced. Both begomoviruses from tomato and eggplant contained a DNA-B component, amplified using two degenerate primer pairs, DNABLC1/DNABLV2 and DNABLC2/DNABLV2 (2). Based on sequences of the DNA products amplified by the degenerate primer pairs, specific primers were designed to complete the DNA-A and DNA-B sequences. Computer-assisted sequence comparisons were performed with geminivirus sequences available in the laboratory at the Asian Vegetable Research and Development Center, Taiwan and in the GenBank sequence database. Both tomato (GenBank Accession Nos. AF511529 and AF511528) and eggplant (GenBank Accession Nos. AF511530 and AF511527) virus isolates contain the conserved geminivirus sequence-TAATATTAC on the DNA-A and B. Based on the high sequence identities of 99% DNA-A and 98% DNA-B, these two virus isolates are considered to be the same species. Although the genome organization of these two isolates was the same as Tomato yellow leaf curl virus Thailand (TYLCTHV; GenBank Accession Nos. X63015 and X63016), including six open reading frames (ORFs) on the DNA-A (AV1, AV2, AC1, AC2, AC3, and AC4) and two ORFs on the DNA-B (BV1 and BC1), sequence comparisons showed highest DNA-A sequence identity (73%) with Ageratum yellow vein virus from Singapore (GenBank Accession No. X74516) and highest DNA-B identity (77%) with the TYLCTHV (X63016). To our knowledge, these tomato- and eggplant-infecting viruses from Thailand constitute a distinctly novel bipartite Begomovirus species. References: (1) R. L. Gilbertson et al. J. Gen. Virol. 72:2843, 1991. (2) S. K. Green et al. Plant Dis. 85:1286, 2001. (3) M. R. Rojas et al. Plant Dis. 77:340, 1993.

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Identification of Tomato yellow leaf curl virus and Tomato mottle virus in Two Counties in Alabama

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-91-7-0906c ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 91 (7) ◽

pp. 906-906 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

F. Akad ◽

J. C. Jacobi ◽

J. E. Polston

Keyword(s):

Tomato Yellow Leaf ◽

Degenerate Primer ◽

Mottle Virus ◽

Bipartite Begomovirus ◽

Yellow Leaf ◽

Jefferson County ◽

Sequence Identity ◽

Two Samples ◽

Leaf Curl Virus ◽

Leaf Curl

During July 2005, approximately 23% of tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum L. ‘Sebring’) in a commercial field in St. Clair County, Alabama showed symptoms of stunting, leaf deformation, mottling, and reduced leaf size, which resembled symptoms of Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV). A high population of whiteflies (Bemisia tabaci) was observed in this field, and as the season progressed, 100% of the plants became symptomatic. During October 2006, similar symptoms in tomato were observed at low incidences (less than 10%) in a commercial greenhouse in Jefferson County. Two samples from St. Clair County and six from Jefferson County were collected and tested for the presence of a begomovirus by PCR using three pairs of primers, PAR1c496 and PAL1v1978, a degenerate primer pair designed to amplify regions of the begomovirus A component, PBL1v2040 and PCRc154, a degenerate primer pair that amplifies a hypervariable region of the begomovirus B component (3), and C473 and PTYC1v2406, which are specific to TYLCV (1,2). Primer pair PAR1c496 and PAL1v1978 produced two amplicons (1,360 and 1,159 bp) in all samples tested, which suggests the presence of a monopartite and bipartite begomovirus. Primer pair pBL1v2040 and PCRc154 produced a 678-bp amplicon that would be consistent with the presence of a bipartite begomovirus. Primer pair C473 and PTYC1v2406 produced an 850-bp amplicon that would be consistent with the presence of TYLCV. Sequence analysis revealed that the 1,360-bp amplicon had 98% sequence identity to isolates of TYLCV from Cuba (GenBank Accession No. AJ223505), the Dominican Republic (GenBank Accession No. (AF04715), Florida (GenBank Accession Nos. AF260331 and AY530931), Egypt (GenBank Accession No. AY594174), and Almeria (GenBank Accession No. AJ489258). The 1,159-bp amplicon had a 97 to 99% sequence identity to the A component of Tomato mottle virus (ToMoV) Florida (GenBank Accession Nos. L14460, EF028241, and M90495) and Puerto Rico (GenBank Accession No. AY965900). Each of the eight tomato samples were shown to be infected with TYLCV and ToMoV. Symptoms of plants infected with both viruses resembled those of TYLCV because the milder symptoms of ToMoV are masked in the field by the more severe symptoms of TYLCV. To our knowledge, this is the first report of ToMoV and TYLCV in the state of Alabama. Reference: (1) M. Ghanim et al. Virology 240:295, 1998. (2) M. K. Nakhla et al. Phytopathol. Mediterr. 32:163, 1993. (3) M. R. Rojas et al. Plant Dis. 77:340, 1993.

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Control of the Bemisia tabaci/Tomato yellow leaf curl virus complex on protected tomato crops in Algarve (Portugal)*

EPPO Bulletin ◽

10.1046/j.1365-2338.2002.00558.x ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 32 (1) ◽

pp. 31-35

Author(s):

A. F. Arsenio ◽

E. Neto ◽

N. Ramos ◽

S. Mangerico ◽

E. Fortunato ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bemisia Tabaci ◽

Tomato Yellow Leaf ◽

Yellow Leaf ◽

Virus Complex ◽

Leaf Curl Virus ◽

Leaf Curl

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Study of a collection of tomato hybrids with genetic resistance to the yellow leaf curl virus in Southern Russia

Kartofel` i ovoshi ◽

10.25630/pav.2020.32.41.007 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 30-34

Author(s):

С.Ф. Гавриш ◽

Т.А. Редичкина ◽

А.В. Буц ◽

Г.М. Артемьева

Keyword(s):

Resistance Genes ◽

Molecular Genetic Analysis ◽

Tomato Yellow Leaf ◽

Tomato Mosaic Virus ◽

Average Weight ◽

Yellow Leaf ◽

The South ◽

Economically Valuable Traits ◽

Leaf Curl Virus ◽

Leaf Curl

Дана информация об изучении коллекции гибридов F1томата (Solanum lycopersicum L.) зарубежной селекции различных фирм-оригинаторов, рекомендованных производителями семян как толерантные к вирусу желтой курчавости листьев томата. Все гибриды обладали комплексом хозяйственно ценных признаков и набором генов устойчивости к основным заболеваниям томата, в том числе к новому для юга России опасному патогену с максимальным потенциальным риском – вирусу желтой курчавости листьев томата (Tomato yellow leaf curl virus — TYLCV). Исследования проведены в 2017-2018 годах в лаборатории пасленовых культур ООО «НИИСОК» и в лаборатории молекулярной диагностики растений ООО «Семеновод». Всего было протестировано 34 гибрида F1 томата. Гибриды оценивали по совокупности хозяйственно ценных признаков, также проводили молекулярно-генетический анализ на наличие и аллельное состояние основных генов устойчивости: к вирусу табачной мозаики (Tm2а), фузариозному увяданию (I2), вертициллезному увяданию (Ve), к кладоспориозу (Cf9), нематодам (Mi1.2), вирусу бронзовости томата (Sw5), вирусу желтой курчавости листьев томата (Ty3a). Установлено, что все проанализированные гибриды томата с заявленной оригинаторами семян устойчивостью к вирусу желтой курчавости листьев были гетерозиготны по гену Ty3a. На основании проведенных исследований и с учетом требований рынка разработаны модели гибридов F1 томата юга России. Перспективный гибрид томата должен обладать индетерминантным типом роста с укороченными междоузлиями (4,5-5 см) а также хорошей облиственностью. Плоды томата должны быть с красной равномерной окраской без зеленого пятна у плодоножки, с плоскоокруглой или округлой формой плода и со средней массой 220-270 г. Для повышения транспортабельности томатов необходимо, чтобы плоды отличались высокой прочностью и характеризовались хорошей лежкостью. Урожайность гибрида томата должна быть более 30 кг/м2, а товарность - не менее 85%. Гибрид томата должен обладать следующим набором генов устойчивости в гетерозиготном состоянии: Ty3a, Mi1.2, Cf-9, а также в гомозиготном состоянии: Tm2a, I2, Ve. The article provides information on the study of the collection of F1 tomato hybrids (Solanum lycopersicumL.) of foreign breeding from various firms-originators recommended for cultivation in regions with a strong spread of tomato yellow leaf curl virus. All hybrids had a complex of economically valuable traits and a set of genes for resistance to the main diseases of tomato, including a new dangerous pathogen for the South of Russia with a maximum potential risk — the tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV). The studies were carried out in 2017-2018 in the Solanaceae Laboratory of LLC NIISOK and in the Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory of Plants of LLC Semenovod. A total of 34 F1 tomato hybrids were tested. The hybrids were assessed by a set of economically valuable traits. Molecular genetic analysis was also carried out for the presence and allelic state of the main resistance genes: Tomato mosaic virus (Tm2a), Fusarium wilt (I2), Werticillium wilt (Ve), Cladosporium fulvum (Cf9), Nematodes (Mi1.2), Tomato spotted wilt virus (Sw5), Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (Ty3a). It was found that all the analyzed tomato hybrids with the declared by seed originators resistance to yellow leaf curl virus were heterozygous for the Ty3a gene. Based on the conducted research and taking into account the market requirements, models of F1 tomato hybrids for protected ground for the South of Russia have been developed. A promising tomato hybrid should have an indeterminate growth type with shortened internodes (4.5-5 cm) and good foliage. Tomato fruits should have a uniform red color without green shoulders, with a flat-round or round shape of the fruit and with an average weight of 220-270 g. To increase the transportability of tomatoes, it is necessary that the fruits are highly firm and characterized by good shelf life. The yield of tomato hybrid should be more than 30 kg/m2, and marketability should be at least 85%. The tomato hybrid should have the following set of resistance genes in a heterozygous state: Ty3a, Mi1.2, Cf-9, and also in a homozygous state: Tm2a, I2, Ve.

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