Susceptibility of grapevine pruning wounds to infection by Lasiodiplodia theobromae and Neofusicoccum parvum

The Aegean region (western Turkey) is the center of table, raisin, and wine grape cultivation. During the 2012 growing season, wood canker symptoms were observed in vineyards in Manisa city. Symptoms adjacent to pruning wounds, including shoot dieback and wedge-shaped wood discolorations observed in cross section, were among the most prevalent symptoms of the vines. To identify the causal agents, symptomatic woody tissues were surface disinfested with 95% ethanol and flame-sterilized and the discolored outer bark was cut away. The internal tissues (0.5 cm2) were excised from cankers of vines and plated onto potato dextrose agar amended with tetracycline (0.01%) (PDA-tet). The most frequently isolated fungi, based on general growth pattern, speed of growth, and colony color, resembled species in the Botryosphaeriaceae family. According to morphological characteristics, four different groups have been identified based on visual discrimination. After DNA extraction, ribosomal DNA fragments (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2) (2) amplified with ITS4 and ITS5 primers were sequenced and sequences were compared with those deposited in NCBI GenBank database. Four different Botryosphaeriaceae isolates were identified, including Botryosphaeria dothidea (MBAi25AG), Diplodia seriata (MBAi23AG), Lasiodiplodia theobromae (MBAi28AG), and Neofusicoccum parvum (MBAi27AG) (Accession Nos. KF182329, KF182328, KF182331, and KF182330, respectively) with species nomenclature based on Crous et al. (1). Pathogenicity tests were conducted under greenhouse conditions (24°C, 16/8-h day/night, 70% RH) on 1-year-old own rooted grapevine (Vitis vinifera) cv. Sultana Seedless seedlings using one isolate from each of the Botryosphaeriaceae species specified above. Stems of grapevine seedlings were wounded by removing bark with 4-mm cork borer and fresh mycelial plugs were inoculated into the holes and covered with Parafilm. Sterile PDA plugs were placed into the wounds of control seedlings. Five vines were inoculated per isolate. The experiment was repeated twice. After 4 months of incubation, grapevine seedlings were examined for the extent of vascular discoloration and recovery of fungal isolates. Mean lesion lengths on wood tissues were 85.3, 17.2, 13.9, and 13.1 mm for N. parvum, B. dothidea, L. theobromae, and D. seriata, and 6.3 mm for control. Each fungal isolate was successfully re-isolated from inoculated seedlings to fulfill Koch's postulates. To our knowledge, this is the first report of multiple species in the Botryosphaeriaceae causing wood canker and dieback on grapevine in Turkey. These results are significant because Botryosphaeriaceae species are known causal agents of grapevine trunk disease worldwide (3). References: (1) P. W. Crous et al. Stud. Mycol. 55:235, 2006. (2) B. Slippers et al. Mycologia 96:83, 2004. (3) J. R. Urbez-Torres. Phytopathol. Mediterr. 50:S5, 2011.

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Effect of Temperature on Conidial Germination of Botryosphaeriaceae Species Infecting Grapevines

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-06-10-0423 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 94 (12) ◽

pp. 1476-1484 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

José R. Úrbez-Torres ◽

Emilie Bruez ◽

José Hurtado ◽

Walter D. Gubler

Keyword(s):

Incubation Time ◽

Conidial Germination ◽

Effect Of Temperature ◽

Botryosphaeria Dothidea ◽

Diplodia Seriata ◽

Neofusicoccum Parvum ◽

Lasiodiplodia Theobromae ◽

Different Temperatures ◽

Northern And Southern Hemispheres ◽

Botryosphaeriaceae Species

Germination of conidia of eight botryosphaeriaceous fungi infecting grapevines was evaluated after 2, 4, 6, 12, and 24 h incubation under eight different temperatures (5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, and 40°C). The effect of temperature on conidial germination was also evaluated in different stages (hyaline versus pigmented conidia) of the species Lasiodiplodia theobromae. Conidial germination of Botryosphaeriaceae species infecting grapevines was significantly affected by temperature. Overall, conidial germination increased significantly with longer incubation times, especially from 2 to 12 h. In most cases, germination of conidia was not significantly different between 12 and 24 h incubation. Conidia of botryosphaeriaceous species did not germinate (with the exception of Botryosphaeria dothidea and Neofusicoccum parvum) at 5°C, and only B. dothidea, Diplodia seriata, and L. theobromae showed high levels of conidial germination at 40°C. Optimum conidial germination temperatures (defined as the temperature in which germination reached at least 50% in the shortest incubation time) were 25°C for B. dothidea and Dothiorella iberica, 25 to 30°C for Spencermartinsia viticola, 30°C for Diplodia corticola, D. mutila, D. seriata, N. parvum, and hyaline L. theobromae, and 40°C for pigmented L. theobromae conidia. Successful conidial germination of species of Botryosphaeriaceae infecting grapevines was always observed between 10 and 35°C with the exception of Dothiorella iberica and pigmented L. theobromae conidia, neither of which germinated at 35 and 10°C, respectively. Results of this study show conidia of botryosphaeriaceous species infecting grapevines to be capable of germination under a broad range of temperatures including those considered to be extreme, which may explain the success of these species as grapevine pathogens throughout most of the grape-growing areas in both Northern and Southern Hemispheres.

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First Report of Lasiodiplodia theobromae and Neofusicoccum parvum/N. ribis species Complex Causing Fruit Rot on Strawberry in the United States

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-09-18-1531-pdn ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 103 (5) ◽

pp. 1037-1037 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

M. S. Oliveira ◽

N.-Y. Wang ◽

M. V. Marin ◽

N. A. Peres

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Species Complex ◽

The United States ◽

Fruit Rot ◽

Neofusicoccum Parvum ◽

Lasiodiplodia Theobromae ◽

First Report

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Antifungal activity of propyl disulphide from neem against Lasiodiplodia theobromae and Neofusicoccum parvum causing stem end rot in mango

Journal of Applied Microbiology ◽

10.1111/jam.14725 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 129 (5) ◽

pp. 1364-1373

Author(s):

M. Rafiullah Khan ◽

P. Suwanamornlert ◽

S. Sangchote ◽

V. Chonhenchob

Keyword(s):

Antifungal Activity ◽

Neofusicoccum Parvum ◽

Lasiodiplodia Theobromae

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Virulence tests of Neofusicoccum parvum, Lasiodiplodia theobromae, and Phytophthora palmivora on Theobroma cacao

European Journal of Plant Pathology ◽

10.1007/s10658-021-02210-1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

A. S. Puig ◽

L. M. Keith ◽

T. K. Matsumoto ◽

O. A. Gutierrez ◽

J. P. Marelli

Keyword(s):

Disease Management ◽

Theobroma Cacao ◽

Management Strategies ◽

Phytophthora Palmivora ◽

Lesion Development ◽

Neofusicoccum Parvum ◽

Lasiodiplodia Theobromae ◽

Stem Infection ◽

The Impact ◽

Single Lesion

AbstractNeofusicoccum parvum is a recently reported pathogen affecting Theobroma cacao L., and has been isolated from symptomatic pods on Oahu and Hawaii Islands. Determining infection routes and virulence are essential for assessing the impact of N. parvum on cacao production and developing effective disease management strategies. Infection routes were determined by inoculating unwounded stems and pods with six isolates of N. parvum alongside Lasiodiplodia theobromae and Phytophthora palmivora. Fifty percent of unwounded stems inoculated with P. palmivora developed lesions, but only a single lesion developed following inoculation with N. parvum (isolate H44). L. theobromae and the remaining N. parvum isolates did not induce lesion development on unwounded stems. In contrast, all N. parvum and L. theobromae isolates produced lesions on 40–100% of unwounded pods of GNV 164 and GNV 360. Low incidences of infection were observed in unwounded pods of ICS 95 (0–66.7%), SHRS 21 (0–75%), and SHRS 33 (0–20%). On wounded pods, all pathogen species produced similar size lesions, ranging from 1.90 to 7.60 cm four days after inoculation. Results from this study show that all three species can produce high rates of pod infection on some clones in the absence of wounds, but stem infection is less likely. In addition, this is the first report of L. theobromae infecting cacao pods and P. palmivora infecting stems in the absence of wounds.

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Increase of canker disease severity in blueberries caused by Neofusicoccum parvum or Lasiodiplodia theobromae due to interaction with Macrophomina phaseolina root infection

European Journal of Plant Pathology ◽

10.1007/s10658-020-02195-3 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

M. Avilés ◽

B. de los Santos ◽

C. Borrero

Keyword(s):

Disease Severity ◽

Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽

Root Infection ◽

Neofusicoccum Parvum ◽

Lasiodiplodia Theobromae ◽

Canker Disease

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Variability of mango accessions resistance to dieback disease caused by Lasiodiplodia theobromae and Neofusicoccum parvum

Amazonian Journal of Plant Research ◽

10.26545/ajpr.2020.b00055x ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 462-468

Author(s):

Washington C. P. Coelho ◽

Carlos Antonio F. Santos ◽

Diógenes da C. Batista

Keyword(s):

Neofusicoccum Parvum ◽

Lasiodiplodia Theobromae ◽

Dieback Disease

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Identification, pathogenicity and distribution of the causal agents of dieback in avocado orchards in Spain

Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.5424/sjar/2019171-13561 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

pp. e1003 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Isabel Arjona-Girona ◽

David Ruano-Rosa ◽

Carlos J. López-Herrera

Keyword(s):

Dna Sequencing ◽

Geographical Distribution ◽

Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides ◽

Southern Spain ◽

Neofusicoccum Parvum ◽

Lasiodiplodia Theobromae ◽

Morphological Characterisation ◽

Fungal Isolates ◽

Artificial Inoculations ◽

Neofusicoccum Luteum

An increased incidence of dieback from branches in several avocado orchards in southern Spain was observed in 2014. Surveys were conducted from May to October 2014, sampling the affected branches to isolate the causal agents. A total of 68 fungal isolates, recovered from ten avocado orchards, were identified, by morphological characterisation and DNA sequencing, as belonging to the genera: Neofusicoccum parvum (50%), Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (17.6%), Neofusicoccum luteum (16.2%), Neofusicoccum australe (13.2%), Neofusicoccum mediterraneum (1.5%) and Lasiodiplodia theobromae (1.5%). A decreasing level of virulence in artificial inoculations on avocado plants was observed in N. parvum, N. luteum, N. mediterraneum, N. australe, C. gloeosporioides and L. theobromae, there were significant differences among N. parvum and the rest of species of this genus, and significant differences were only observed between N. luteum and C. gloeosporioides. The geographical distribution of N. parvum and N. Luteum covers different areas, while C. gloeosporioides and N. australe are located only in the areas around Benamocarra and Vélez-Málaga (southern Spain), while N. mediterraneum and L. theobromae appear only occasionally. This is the first study of avocado branch cankers in Spain which identifies the causal agents and establishes their pathogenicity groups, with N. parvum as the most important causal agent of avocado dieback in this area.

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