Effect of dietary chromium supplementation on productive and reproductive performance of early lactating dairy cows under heat stress

Abstract This study was aimed to assess the effect of adding clinoptilolite in the diet on uterine health and reproductive performance in multiparous lactating dairy cows managed in a tropical pasture-based system above 2500 meters of altitude. Seventy-seven multiparous Holstein crossbred cows were allocated randomly into two groups: clinoptilolite supplemented cows (CLG, n = 42) and non-supplemented cows as control (CG, n = 35). Cows from CLG were supplemented with clinoptilolite from 30 days (50 g/cow/day) before to 60 days after calving (200 g/cow/day). Data were analyzed by general linear model, least squares means and chi-square test of SAS. In CLG cows, percentages of uterine PMN leukocytes (P<0.0001) and proportion of subclinical endometritis (P=0.0187) were lower than in CG. The interval calving to first corpus luteum was shorter (P=0.0759) in CLG than CG, and calving to first service interval was similar between treatments. Cows from CLG became pregnant 35 days earlier than CG cows (P=0.0224). In conclusion, daily addition of clinoptilolite in the diet decreased the proportion of cows with subclinical endometritis and shortened the interval from calving to conception in lactating dairy cows.

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Reproductive performance of lactating dairy cows following oestrus synchronisation with progesterone, oestradiol and prostaglandin

New Zealand Veterinary Journal ◽

10.1080/00480169.1996.35944 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 44 (3) ◽

pp. 99-104 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

Z.Z. Xu ◽

L.J. Burton ◽

K.L. Macmillan

Keyword(s):

Dairy Cows ◽

Reproductive Performance ◽

Lactating Dairy Cows

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Associations between early lactation milk protein concentrations and the intervals to calving for Holstein cows of differing parity

Animal Production Science ◽

10.1071/an15777 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 57 (10) ◽

pp. 2100 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Jack Fahey ◽

John M. Morton ◽

Martin J. Auldist ◽

Keith L. Macmillan

Keyword(s):

Dairy Cows ◽

Reproductive Performance ◽

Milk Protein ◽

Holstein Cows ◽

Breeding Period ◽

Gestation Length ◽

Calving Interval ◽

Early Lactation ◽

Average Interval ◽

Lactating Dairy Cows

High milk protein concentrations (MP%) have been positively associated with the reproductive performance of lactating dairy cows. No studies have measured the effects of this association on subsequent calving dates in multiparous cows, nor assessed whether the underlying causal mechanisms are present in nulliparous heifers. Holstein cows (primiparous = 918; multiparous = 4242) were selected from herds that had seasonally concentrated calving patterns resulting from seasonally restricted breeding periods. In seasonally calving herds, the date of a herd’s planned start of calving (PSC date) is the average gestation length of 282 days after the date that the preceding breeding period commenced, so that the interval from the herd’s PSC date to each cow’s actual calving date (PSC-to-calving interval) primarily reflects the time to conception from the start of the breeding period in the previous year. This measure was used to compare associations between the average MP% during the first 120 days of lactation and time to the calving that initiated that lactation in primiparous and multiparous cows. Early lactation MP% was negatively associated with PSC-to-calving interval. A 1% difference in MP% was associated with an 8-day difference in the average PSC-to-calving interval in primiparous cows and a 31–35-day difference in the average interval in multiparous cows. The observed associations between early lactation MP% and PSC-to-calving interval are likely to involve determinants present during a cow’s breeding period that affect the probability of conception. Some of these determinants are not restricted to early lactation as the association between MP% and PSC-to-calving interval in primiparous cows is a reflection of the reproductive performance in nulliparous heifers at ~15 months of age.

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A Hazards Analysis Critical Control Point Approach to Improving Reproductive Performance in Lactating Dairy Cows

Bovine Medicine ◽

10.1002/9781118948538.ch44 ◽

2015 ◽

pp. 450-464

Author(s):

I.J. Lean ◽

A.R. Rabiee ◽

N. Moss

Keyword(s):

Dairy Cows ◽

Reproductive Performance ◽

Control Point ◽

Critical Control Point ◽

Lactating Dairy Cows

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The role of the mammary gland during heat stress

10.32469/10355/72201 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

◽

Ricardo Oliveira Rodrigues

Keyword(s):

Blood Flow ◽

Heat Stress ◽

Mammary Gland ◽

Dairy Cows ◽

Prolonged Exposure ◽

Transcriptional Profiling ◽

Mammary Tissue ◽

Secretory Cells ◽

University Of Missouri ◽

Lactating Dairy Cows

[ACCESS RESTRICTED TO THE UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI AT REQUEST OF AUTHOR.] Disruptive effects of climate change, such as increasing environmental temperature, have direct impacts on economic viability and efficiency of food production. In lactating dairy cows, heat stress reduces milk production and alters function of mammary secretory cells, at least partly by disturbing local protein metabolism. We hypothesized that hyperthermia would not only reduce mammary blood flow but would also reduce mammary extraction of nutrients from blood. In addition, we hypothesized that transcriptional profiling of mammary tissue would reveal disruption of cellular homeostasis. Our objective was to determine the effects of hyperthermia on mammary function. More specifically, we aimed to profile mammary blood flow and the changes in mammary transcriptome of heat-stressed lactating dairy cows. We investigated the effects of early and prolonged exposure of lactating dairy cows to hyperthermia by exposing cows to programmed constantly elevated temperature and humidity to induce and maintain body temperature approximately 1[degree]C above normal. Experiments were conducted to evaluate the production responses of hyperthermic lactating dairy cows, to characterize total and nutritive mammary blood flow, and to elucidate the regulation of mammary function during early and prolonged exposure to hyperthermia. Results from these studies established that 1) hyperthermia reduces total and nutritive mammary blood flow, limiting nutrient disappearance across the mammary gland; 2) hyperthermia does not induce shunting of blood away from the gland; 3) hyperthermia affects mammary tissue transcriptome, mainly altering processes associated with ECM and cell adhesion; 4) the effects of exposure to prolonged heat stress on mammary gene expression are distinct from the effects of feed restriction, in lactating dairy cows; and 5) mammary function is reestablished within 8 days after cessation of heat stress.

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Daily rumination time of lactating dairy cows under heat stress conditions

Journal of Thermal Biology ◽

10.1016/j.jtherbio.2019.102484 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 88 ◽

pp. 102484 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Theresa Müschner-Siemens ◽

Gundula Hoffmann ◽

Christian Ammon ◽

Thomas Amon

Keyword(s):

Heat Stress ◽

Dairy Cows ◽

Stress Conditions ◽

Lactating Dairy Cows

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Improving reproductive performance in lactating dairy cows by synchronising ovulation or inducing oestrus

Acta Veterinaria Hungarica ◽

10.1556/avet.50.2002.2.12 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 50 (2) ◽

pp. 231-234 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Gy. Gábor ◽

J. P. Kastelic ◽

S. Pintér ◽

Keyword(s):

Dairy Cows ◽

Reproductive Performance ◽

Fixed Time ◽

Pregnancy Rates ◽

Preliminary Trial ◽

Lactating Cows ◽

Lactating Dairy Cows ◽

Considerable Promise ◽

Holstein Friesian ◽

Prostaglandin F

Lactating crossbred Holstein-Friesian dairy cows (n = 331) were started on an Ovsynch regimen 68 ± 8.2 days after calving; 200 µg GnRH intramuscularly (i.m.) on Days 0 and 9, and 35 mg prostaglandin F2a i.m. on Day 7. Thirty-eight and 31 cows (11.5 and 9.4%, respectively) were in oestrus on Days 0 to 6 and 7 to 8, respectively, and inseminated, and the remainder were fixed-time inseminated (on Day 10). For these three groups, pregnancy rates (60-65 days after breeding) were 31.6, 38.7 and 34.0%, respectively (P = 0.82) and calving rates were 100, 100 and 89.9% (P = 0.23). In a preliminary trial, twelve lactating cows (45 to 60 days postpartum) with inactive ovaries were given 1500 IU eCG i.m.; 10 were in oestrus within 10 days after treatment (and inseminated) and eight of these were pregnant (30 days after breeding). The Ovsynch program resulted in acceptable reproductive performance in cyclic cows and eCG treatment has considerable promise for inducing oestrus in anoestrous cows.

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