Study on Functional Traits of Arsi Cattle Reared in the East Shoa and West Arsi Zones of Oromia, Ethiopia

The study was conducted in the East Shoa and West Arsi Zones of Oromia Region with the objective to assess the functional traits of Arsi cattle in their native areas. Two hundred forty cattle keepers were identified using random sampling techniques. The study was conducted in five districts, namely Adami Tullu Jidokombolcha (ATJK), Bora, Dodola, Shala and Negele-Arsi. The survey revealed that the age at first mating, age at first calving, and calving interval of Arsi cattle at on-farm level were 43.5, 55.9 and 19.1 months, respectively. The lactation length and milk yield of Arsi cattle were 9.6 months and 1.66 liters per day, respectively. The working life of oxen was 7.7 years. The observed results on reproduction and production of Arsi cattle at on-farm level are good indicators of information for further evaluation of their performances.

NĂNG SUẤT SINH SẢN CỦA BÒ CÁI VÀ SINH TRƯỞNG CỦA CON LAI (ZEBU x BÒ VÀNG ĐỊA PHƯƠNG) NUÔI TẠI NÔNG HỘ VÙNG ĐỒNG BẰNG TỈNH THỪA THIÊN HUẾ

Nghiên cứu nhằm đánh giá cơ cấu, năng suất sinh sản của đàn bò cái và sinh trưởng của bê lai 50% Zebu (Red Sindhi x Bò Vàng), (Brahman x Bò Vàng) và 75% Zebu [Red Sindhi x (Red Sindhi x Bò vàng)] và [Brahman x (Brahman x Bò vàng)] nuôi tại nông hộ vùng đồng bằng tỉnh Thừa Thiên Huế. Để đánh giá cơ cấu và năng suất sinh sản của đàn bò cái, chúng tôi đã tiến hành phỏng vấn 200 hộ nuôi bò ở 5 huyện/thị xã đại diện cho vùng đông bằng tỉnh Thừa Thiên Huế. Số liệu thu thập trên 437 bò cái cho thấy, tỷ lệ bò cái lai Zebu (Red Sindhi x Bò vàng) và (Brahman x Bò vàng) ở các hộ điều tra thuộc vùng đồng bằng Thừa Thiên Huế tương đối thấp, đặc biệt bò lai Brahman x Bò Vàng (7,63%). Đàn bò cái có khả năng sinh sản tốt, tuổi động dục lần đầu từ 20,9 đến 21,5 tháng; tuổi phối giống lần đầu từ 22,0 đến 22,8 tháng; tuổi đẻ lứa đầu 31,7 đến 32,9 tháng; thời gian động dục lại sau khi đẻ 96,2 đến 98,8 ngày; khoảng cách lứa đẻ và thời gian phối lại có chửa là 384,6 đến 388,6 ngày và 101,0 đến 102,4 ngày. Để đánh giá sinh trưởng của bê lai, chúng tôi tiến hành phỏng vấn và xác định khối lượng bằng phương pháp đo các chiều trên 750 bê lai, kết quả cho thấy, bê lai 75% Zebu có khối lượng từ sơ sinh đến 6 tháng tuổi cao hơn so với bê lai 50% Zebu. Bê lai giữa [Brahman x (Brahman x Bò vàng)] có khối lượng cao hơn so với bê lai [Red Sindhi x (Red Sindhi x Bò vàng)] nhưng không có ý nghĩa thống kê. ABSTRACT The study aimed to assess the structure, the reproductive performance of the cows herd and growth rate of hybrid calves 50% Zebu (Red Sindhi x Vang; Brahman x Vang) and 75% Zebu [Red Sindhi x (Red Sindhi x Vang)]; [Brahman x (Brahman x Vang)] raised in farmers in the lowland of Thua Thien Hue province. The survey was conducted by interviewing 200 smallholders in 5 districts/towns representing the lowland region of Thua Thien Hue province. Recording of 437 cows indicated that, the percentage of Zebu hybrid heifers in the investigating households in Thua Thien Hue is relatively low, especially Brahman hybrid cows (7.63%). Cows haves good fertility, the age at the first puberty at first breeding and first calving was 20.9 to 21.5 months, 22.0 to 22.8 months and 31.7 to 32.9 months, respectively. The calving interval and interval from calving to the first service was 384.6 to 388.6 days and 96.2 to 98.8 days, respectively and inbreed again pregnant is 101.0 to 102.4 days. Recording of 750 hybrid calves indicated that, 75% Zebu crossbred calves had higher birth weight to 6 months of age than 50% Zebu hybrid calves. Brahman x (Brahman x Vang) crossbred calves have a higher mass than [Red Sindhi x (Red Sindhi x Vang)] crossbred calves but not statistically significant.

Reproductive Performance and Culling Rate of Purebred Holstein Cows and Their Crosses With Fleckvieh and Brown Swiss Cows Under Subtropical Conditions

This study aimed to elucidate the reproductive performance of purebred Holstein (HO) cows with their crosses with Fleckvieh (FV) and Brown Swiss (BS) cows under subtropical conditions. A total of 677 cows [487 HO, 104 HO × FV (HFV); 50% FV and 50% HO and 86 HO × BS (HB); 50% BS and 50% HO] were enrolled in this study. Pure HO cows had significantly greater service per conception (S/C; 3.69), days open (147.9 days), and calving interval (449.6 days), than the HFV (2.89, 116.7, and 407.4 days, respectively) and HB (3.07, 134.3, and 434.2 days, respectively) crossbred cows. At day 28, the conception percentage was significantly greater among HFV crossbred cows vs. pure HO cows [crude odds ratios (COR) = 2.16], but embryonic loss, abortion percentage, calving difficulty, and retained placenta percentage were similar (p > 0.05) among pure HO cows and their crosses. HFV crossbreds had significantly lower incidence of endometritis (COR = 0.70, p = 0.035), mastitis (COR = 0.69, p = 0.015), and ketosis (COR = 0.53, p = 0.004) vs. other cows. HB and pure HO cows had a similar incidence of mastitis, lameness, and ketosis (COR = 0.76, 0.75, and 0.81; p = 0.223, 0.468, and 0.492, respectively). HFV crossbred cows had a lower risk of culling rate than HB crossbred cows. In summary, HFV cows demonstrated the best reproductive performance in terms of S/C, days open, calving interval, conception at 28 days, mastitis percentage, ketosis percentage, and endometritis.

Birth and mortality rate of European Bison (Bison bonasus bonasus L1758) population

A survey of the birth and mortality of European Bison (Bison bonasus bonasus L1758) conducted from 2000 to 2018 in two nurseries showed that the females in the first study group had the first mating at an average age of 42.54 months, with an interval from 23 to 84.5 months. The average age of the first mated females in the second study group was 31.67 months, with an interval from 39.5 to 66.93 months. The average time between calving for the first group females was 9.95 months, with an interval from 0.5 to 28.5 months. The calving interval for the second group was 8.53 months with variation from 1 to 32 months. The first group had a maximum of seven calves, while the maximum in the second group was 13.A total of 33 calves were born in the first group during the study period, 16 males (48.48%) and 17 females (51.51%), while 40 calves were born in the second group,16 males (40.0%) and 24 females (60.0%).The mortality rate in the first group ranged between 14.3 and 30.0%, with a mortality rate of males of 20 to 60% and for females of 16.66 to 50%. In the second group, the mortality rate was from 9.09 to 23.08%, for males 33.33% and from 11.11 to 25.0% for females. The results indicate that future studies should address greater attention to birth and mortality rates.

The relationship between subclinical mastitis and reproductive performance of etawa crossbreed (PE) goat in Kokap, Kulonprogo, Yogyakarta

Etawa crossbreed (PE) goat farm has been well developed in Kokap, Kulonprogo, and Yogyakarta. The important aspects that support it are doe’s health and reproductive performance. This study aimed to determine the relationship between subclinical mastitis incidence and reproductive performance of the does. This study used 84 does from four different farms, which tested using California Mastitis Test (CMT) to determine the mastitis status. The reproductive performance data gained through a questionnaire and the relation to the mastitis status was analyzed using Chi-square. The result showed that the prevalence of subclinical mastitis was 16.67 % (14 does). In the non-mastitis does, 75.71% had long calving interval (CI), 88.57% had long days open (DO), 44.29% had Litter size (LS) 1, and 12.86% had service per conception (S/C) more than 2. Meanwhile, in the mastitis group, the does with long CI was 71.43%, long DO was 85.71%, LS 1 was 28.57%, and S/C > 2 was 14.29%. The chi-square analyses showed no relationship between subclinical mastitis cases with long CI (X2=0.22), long DO (X2=0.09), LS 1 (X2=1.19), and high S/C (X2=0.02). It can be concluded that there was no relation of mastitis cases to reproductive performance of PE does in Kokap, Kuloprogo, and Yogyakarta.

Comparison of Aceh cow’s performance on different mating systems at BPTU HPT Indrapuri, Aceh Province, Indonesia

This research aimed to compare Aceh cow’s performance on different mating systems at BPTU HPT Indrapuri, Indonesia. This research uses 202 Aceh cows with varying systems of mating; natural mating (164 cows), and artificial insemination (AI; 38 cows). Cow’s performance data included birth weight, postpartum mating, calving interval, weaning weight, Cow Reproduction Index (CRI), and Cow Production Index (CPI), obtained from the recording in 2014-2019 and calculation. This research uses the Oneway Anova test to analyze the cow’s performance between mating systems. The results of the cow’s performance included birth weight, postpartum mating, calving interval, weaning weight, CRI, and CPI for natural mating system were 14.32±1.41 kg, 265.61±260.0 days, 558,.21±260.07 days, 54.32±19.32 kg, 0.69 calf/cow/year and 37,48 kg/cow/year respectively, while for AI system were 14,98±1,38 kg, 289.34±285,.06 days, 581.94±285.06 days, 59.10±21.83 kg, 0.70 calf/cow/year dan 41.37 kg/kg/cow/year. The results showed that the performance of the Aceh cows with natural mating dan artificial insemination was relatively the same.

Reproductive characteristics of female swamp buffalo reared under Kalang production system in South Kalimantan

Swamp buffalo has been an integral component of society in the swamp area in South Kalimantan. The system is characterized by 2-5 farmers rearing herds semi intensively in one shared kalang, a traditional wooden shelter on swamp area. This study was aimed to determine the reproductive characteristics of female swamp buffalo under kalang systems in Hulu Sungai Selatan Regency, The Province of South Kalimantan. The data of reproductive characteristics and farming systems were collected through interviewing 21 farmers in 4 kalang groups who kept 351 buffaloes (153 of them were females). The observed parameters were average of productive females ages, age at first mating, calving interval, post-partum estrus (PPE), percentages of pregnant and lactating cows. Results showed that the average of productive female buffalo ages was 9.9 ± 0.99 years; female swamp buffaloes were first mating at 51.4 months; first calving at 63.4 months; calving interval was 16.5±0.70 months; PPE was 4.9±0.64 month; gestating and lactating cows were 21.6% and 60.1%, of the productive female population, respectively. We concluded reproductive characteristics of female swamp buffalo under kalang production systems can be enhanced through improvements of the production system, including pre-weaning calf management, feed supplementation, and health care practices.

Correlation of Reproduction Management on Losses of Dairy Farmers in Wagir District, Malang Regency

This study was conducted to find out how much losses the breeders get when their cattle experience a decline in day open (DO), service per conception (S/C), and calving interval (CI).There were 108 lactating dairy cows from the dairy farm, Wagir District, Malang Regency.The data that has been taken is then processed by analysis using linear regression method.The results of the analysis prove that reproductive management has an effect of 82% on farmer expenditure.For each setback DO per day, the farmer pays Rp. 609,05.Meanwhile, for each additional S/C the farmer pays Rp. 99,921.7.For each setback the farmer CI will incur a fee of IDR 228,54 / day.So that the equation found is expendses = 609,05 (DO) + 99,921.7 (s / c) +228,54 (CI).

Non Genetic Factors Affecting Production and Reproduction Traits of Graded Murrah Buffaloes

Background: Environmental factors play a major role and influence the economically important traits in dairy animals. The present investigation was undertaken to study the influence of season on production and reproduction traits of graded Murrah buffaloes reared under farm conditions. Methods: The data pertaining to 164 graded Murrah buffaloes was utilized to study influence of seasons on various climatic factors like maximum, minimum and mean temperature, relative humidity (morning and evening), rainfall, sunshine, wind speed, evaporation and production and reproduction traits like lactation length, lactation yield, days to attain peak yield, persistency, calving interval, birth weight and number of lactations. Result: The present investigation revealed significant effect of season on all the meteorological parameters, production and reproduction parameters studied. The correlations among meteorological parameters and production and reproduction traits were also significant.

Analisis Resistensi Spermatozoa Sapi Bali Terhadap Keberhasilan Inseminasi Buatan di Kabupaten Tebo

The purpose of this study is to find out the difference in the success rate of Artificial Insemination of Balinese cattle in Rimbo Bujang Subdistrict, Rimbo Ilir, and to know the influence of spermatozoa resistance and spermatozoa abnormality on the success of Artificial Insemination in Balinese cattle. The method used is the survey method, while the sample withdrawal technique is used clustering. Data analysis uses multiple linear regressions. The results showed that the success of Artificial Insemination based on Service per Conception (S/C) showed the number 1.56 means the success of IB is good, while judging from the calving interval (CI) value in cattle which is 12.9 months, it means it is ideal. It can be concluded that the success of Artificial Insemination (IB) is good, while motility is the success of Artificial Insemination (IB), as well as the percentage of life and spermatozoa abnormalities does not affect the success of Artificial Insemination (IB) in Balinese cows.