Avian Paramyxovirus Serotype 1 (Newcastle Disease Virus) - Infections in Falcons

Newcastle disease virus (NDV), an avian paramyxovirus, was shown to prefer to replicate in tumor cells instead of normal cells; however, this mechanism has not been fully elucidated. Exosomes play a crucial role in intercellular communication due to the bioactive substances they carry. Several studies have shown that exosomes are involved in virus infections. However, the effect that exosomes have on NDV-infected tumor cells is not known. In this study, we focus on the role of exosomes secreted by NDV-infected HeLa cells in promoting NDV replication. Three miRNA candidates (miR-1273f, miR-1184, and miR-198) embraced by exosomes were associated with enhancing NDV-induced cytopathic effects on HeLa cells. Furthermore, luciferase assays, RT-qPCR, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) all demonstrated that these miRNAs could suppress interferon (IFN)-β gene expression. Enhanced NDV replication in HeLa cells was identified by Western blot and plaque assays. Based on these results, we speculate that NDV employed exosomes entry into neighboring cells, which carry miRNAs, resulting in inhibition of the IFN pathway and promotion of viral infection. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the involvement of NDV-employed exosomes in tumor cells, and as such, it provides new insights into the development of anti-tumor therapies.

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Thermal Inactivation of Avian Influenza Virus and Newcastle Disease Virus in a Fat-Free Egg Product

Journal of Food Protection ◽

10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-10-415 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 74 (7) ◽

pp. 1161-1168 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

REVIS A. CHMIELEWSKI ◽

JOAN R. BECK ◽

DAVID E. SWAYNE

Keyword(s):

New York ◽

Avian Influenza ◽

Newcastle Disease Virus ◽

Disease Virus ◽

Newcastle Disease ◽

Thermal Inactivation ◽

Virulent Newcastle Disease Virus ◽

Egg Products ◽

Reduction Strategies ◽

Serotype 1

High-pathogenicity avian influenza (HPAI) virus, low-pathogenicity avian influenza (LPAI) virus, virulent Newcastle disease virus (vNDV) and low-virulent Newcastle disease virus (lNDV) can be present on the eggshell surface, and HPAI viruses and vNDV can be present in the internal contents of chicken eggs laid by infected hens. With the increase in global trade, egg products could present potential biosecurity problems and affect international trade in liquid and dried egg products. Therefore, the generation of survival curves to determine decimal reduction times (DT -values) and change in heat resistance of the viruses (zD-value) within fat-free egg product could provide valuable information for development of risk reduction strategies. Thermal inactivation studies using A/chicken/Pennsylvania/1370/83 (H5N2) HPAI virus resulted in D55-, D56-, D56.7-, D57-, D58-, and D59-values of 18.6, 8.5, 3.6, 2.5, 0.4, and 0.4 min, respectively. The zD-value was 4.4°C. LPAI virus A/chicken/New York/13142/94 (H7N2) had D55-, D56.7-, D57-, D58-, D59-, and D60-values of 2.9, 1.4, 0.8, 0.7, 0.7, and 0.5 min, respectively, and a z-value of 0.4°C. vNDV avian paramyxoviruses of serotype 1 (AMPV-1)/chicken/California/212676/2002 had D55-, D56-, D56.7-, D57-, D58-, and D59-values of 12.4, 9.3, 6.2, 5, 3.7, and 1.7 min, respectively. The zD-value was 4.7°C. lNDV AMPV-1/chicken/United States/B1/1948 had D55-, D57-, D58-, D59-, D61-, and D63-values of 5.3, 2.2, 1.1, 0.55, 0.19, and 0.17 min, respectively, and a zD-value of 1.0°C. Use of these data in developing egg pasteurization standards for AI and NDV-infected countries should allow safer trade in liquid egg products.

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Experimental Newcastle Disease Virus Infections in Three Species of Wild Birds

Avian Diseases ◽

10.2307/1589673 ◽

1979 ◽

Vol 23 (1) ◽

pp. 70 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

M. L. Vickers ◽

R. P. Hanson

Keyword(s):

Newcastle Disease Virus ◽

Disease Virus ◽

Newcastle Disease ◽

Wild Birds ◽

Virus Infections

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Patterns of RNA Editing in Newcastle Disease Virus Infections

Viruses ◽

10.3390/v12111249 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (11) ◽

pp. 1249

Author(s):

Archana Jadhav ◽

Lele Zhao ◽

Alice Ledda ◽

Weiwei Liu ◽

Chan Ding ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Newcastle Disease Virus ◽

Rna Editing ◽

Disease Virus ◽

Newcastle Disease ◽

Structural Proteins ◽

Virus Infections ◽

Mrna Editing ◽

P Protein

The expression of accessory non-structural proteins V and W in Newcastle disease virus (NDV) infections depends on RNA editing. These proteins are derived from frameshifts of the sequence coding for the P protein via co-transcriptional insertion of one or two guanines in the mRNA. However, a larger number of guanines can be inserted with lower frequencies. We analysed data from deep RNA sequencing of samples from in vitro and in vivo NDV infections to uncover the patterns of mRNA editing in NDV. The distribution of insertions is well described by a simple Markov model of polymerase stuttering, providing strong quantitative confirmation of the molecular process hypothesised by Kolakofsky and collaborators three decades ago. Our results suggest that the probability that the NDV polymerase would stutter is about 0.45 initially, and 0.3 for further subsequent insertions. The latter probability is approximately independent of the number of previous insertions, the host cell, and viral strain. However, in LaSota infections, we also observe deviations from the predicted V/W ratio of about 3:1 according to this model, which could be attributed to deviations from this stuttering model or to further mechanisms downregulating the abundance of W protein.

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