Short-duration colchicine treatment for in vitro chromosome doubling during ovule culture of Beta vulgaris L.

Intumescent leaf variants of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) were obtained through callus culture of a monosomic addition that carried resistance to Heterodera schachtii Schm. The frothy pockmarked appearance of the leaf surface was due to hyperplastic growth of the mesophyll and epidermal cells. The epidermis had many malformed stomata. Veins were underdeveloped, but protrusions beneath were pronounced. Intumescence occurred in 20.3% of the regenerated plants and it was heritable to F1 and later progeny. Leaf intumescence is a new phenotype for Beta. About 73.5% of regenerants contained the donor somatic chromosome number, the remainder were doubled or mixoploids, with no chromosome losses apparent. The 38-chromosome intumescent plant represents a dual somaclonal variation, chromosome doubling and leaf intumescence. Progeny of the 19- and 38-chromosome intumescent plants intercrossed or pollinated by diploids or tetraploids had 9, 18, 19, 27, 28, 29, 36, 37, 38, or 39 chromosomes. All intumescent plants were aneuploids with the monosome addition. There were linkages for leaf intumescence (Li), resistance to H. schachtii (Hs), and hypocotyl color (Rpro) on the addition chromosome. The efficacy of Hs remained intact through the in vitro culture and succeeding crosses. The Li-bearing plants manifested depressed growth and markedly reduced seed set. Leaf intumescence was thought to be the alternative expression of galling potential of Beta procumbens Chr. Sm. germ plasm.Key words: somaclonal variation, leaf intumescence, nematode resistance, monosomic addition, Beta vulgaris L.

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Interspecific Hybrids Originated from Crossing Asian Wild Strawberries (Fragaria nilgerrensis and F. iinumae) to F. xananassa

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.32.3.438f ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 32 (3) ◽

pp. 438F-439 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Yuji Noguchi ◽

Tatsuya Mochizuki ◽

Kazuyoshi Sone

Keyword(s):

Skin Color ◽

Interspecific Hybrids ◽

Chromosome Doubling ◽

Colchicine Treatment ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Hereditary Variation ◽

Aroma Components ◽

Wild Strawberries ◽

Crossing Test

The use of wild species as breeding materials was tried for expanding hereditary variation in strawberry. Some interspecific hybrids setting large fruits with peculiar aroma have been bred by pollination of F. vesca to F. xananassa. Although Asian wild diploid strawberries such as F. nilgerrensis or F. iinumae have not been exploited as a breeding material until the present, the crossing test between cultivated strawberries (8x) and the Asian wild strawberries (2x) were attempted. The interspecific hybrids originated from pollination of F. nilgerrensis or F. iinumae to F. xananassa cv. `Toyonoka' were all sterile pentaploids. By in vitro colchicine treatment of these sterile hybrids for chromosome doubling, many fruiting interspecific hybrids were produced. In particular, some superior hybrids were obtained from `Toyonoka' × F. nilgerrensis. From the results of RAPD analysis, the interspecific hybrids had the fragments specific for both parents. While their morphological characters were close to `Toyonoka', they had some characters from F. nilgerrensis, such as numerous hair on their petioles and peduncles. Their fruits have good characters that are same level of cultivated strawberry about size, Brix, acidity, and vitamin C content. The flesh is soft and skin color is pale pink. The aroma components are resemble F. nilgerrensis, and enrich ethyl acetate. The fragrance of interspecific hybrid like peach is characteristic.

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CHROMOSOME DOUBLING OF Allium fistulosum × A. cepa INTERSPECIFIC F1 HYBRIDS THROUGH COLCHICINE TREATMENT OF REGENERATING CALLUS

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.28.4.269c ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 28 (4) ◽

pp. 269C-269

Author(s):

Ping Song ◽

Wanhee Kang ◽

Ellen B. Peffley

Keyword(s):

Treatment Time ◽

Chromosome Doubling ◽

Colchicine Treatment ◽

F1 Hybrids ◽

Root Tip ◽

Allium Fistulosum ◽

Shoot Production ◽

Tip Cells ◽

Regenerated Plantlets

Regenerating calli of Allium fistulosum × A. cepa interspecific F1 hybrids were treated in vitro with colchicine. A factorial experiment (colchicine concentration × time) was used to recover tetraploids from calli treated with colchicine in vitro. Shoot production of regenerating calli following in vitro colchicine treatment decreased with increasing colchicine concentration and treatment time. Cytological analyses of root tip cells from regenerated plantlets showed that chromosomes of control plantlets (not treated with colchicine) were not doubled. Chromosomes of some plantlets regenerated from in vitro colchicine treated calli were doubled, resulting in tetraploids. Calli treated with 0.1 or 0.2% colchicine in BDS (Dunstan & Short, 1977) liquid medium for 48 or 72 hours yielded the highest number of tetraploid plantlets. These results demonstrate that in vitro colchicine treatment of regenerating calli of interspecific F1 hybrids is effective in recovering tetraploids.

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Colchicine-induced Amphidiploids of Rose Interspecific Hybrids

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.30.4.778a ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 30 (4) ◽

pp. 778A-778

Author(s):

Yan Ma ◽

David H. Byrne ◽

Jing Chen

Keyword(s):

Interspecific Hybrids ◽

Chromosome Doubling ◽

Diploid Species ◽

Colchicine Treatment ◽

Transfer Resistance ◽

Breeding Research ◽

Rose Breeding ◽

Colchicine Solution ◽

Ploidy Chimeras

An objective of our rose breeding research is to transfer resistance to blackspot and other diseases from wild diploid species to modern rose cultivars. Interspecific hybrids among blackspot-resistant diploid species were chosen for chromosome doubling to produce fertile amphidiploids that could be hybridized to the tetraploid commercial germplasm. Five such F1 interspecific hybrids were treated with colchicine. The study included two different application procedures (shake in colchicine solution or colchicine in media), four colchicine concentrations (0.05%, 0.1%, 0.15%, and 0.20%), and five treatment periods (1, 3, 5, 8, and 10 days). After colchicine treatment, all the materials were cultured in vitro. One thousand-thirty-seven surviving explants were selected for typical “gigas” characteristics of doubled diploids. Chromosome counts on shoot tips of these selected genotypes confirmed 15 amphidiploids. The best colchicine treatment varied among the interspecific hybrids. Higher colchicine concentrations or duration reduced growth rating, rooting, and percent survival. The recognition of amphiploids and ploidy chimeras from young seedlings will also be discussed.

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In vitro gynogenesis in red beet (Beta vulgaris L.): effects of ovule culture conditions

Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae ◽

10.5586/asbp.1996.010 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 65 (1-2) ◽

pp. 57-60 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Rafał Barański

Keyword(s):

Beta Vulgaris ◽

Inbred Lines ◽

Culture Conditions ◽

Ovule Culture ◽

Mineral Salts ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Red Beet

In this paper the influence of factors affecting gynogenic response of red beet ovules is discussed. The ovule response frequencies were the highest in the following conditions: N<sub>6</sub> (Chu 1975) mineral salts, 0.5 mg/l IAA, 0.2 mg/l BA, 27 or 32<sup>o</sup>C. The influence of genotype of donor plants was confirmed and it was found that the ovules excised from cultivar plants have a greater gynogenic ability than the ovules of hybrids or inbred lines.

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Expression Effects of CHI and CHS Genes and Colchicine Treatment in Yellow Flowered Cyclamen: a Review

Bulletin of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca Horticulture ◽

10.15835/buasvmcn-hort:2019.0003 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 76 (1) ◽

pp. 1

Author(s):

Mihaiela CORNEA CIPCIGAN ◽

Doru PAMFIL

Keyword(s):

In Vitro Culture ◽

Chromosome Doubling ◽

Colchicine Treatment ◽

Ethical Problems ◽

Animal World

Nowadays, the field of entirely artificial hybrids raises ethical problems in the animal world and to a lesser amount in plants. Throughout the years, yellow Cyclamen has been particularly important for both breeders and passionate growers as being a peculiar color for this species. The possibility to artificially induce hybrids between species that can never normally cross it’s now achievable. This paper describes the possibility of obtaining high ornamental yellow flowered cyclamen, through chromosome doubling. The pollen and seed sterility can be overcome by doubling the chromosomes. In this sense, there are two full sets from each parent, resulting in a fertile hybrid, by introducing the in vitro culture into colchicine supplemented medium.

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Changes in Morphological Characteristics, Regeneration Ability, and Polysaccharide Content in Tetraploid Dendrobium officinale

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci14310-19 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 54 (11) ◽

pp. 1879-1886 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Phu-Long Pham ◽

Ying-Xue Li ◽

He-Rong Guo ◽

Rui-Zhen Zeng ◽

Li Xie ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chromosome Doubling ◽

Stomatal Density ◽

Morphological Characteristics ◽

Fold Increase ◽

Colchicine Treatment ◽

Dendrobium Officinale ◽

Regeneration Ability ◽

Polysaccharide Content ◽

Diploid Cultivar

Dendrobium officinale Kimura et Migo is a famous traditional Chinese medicinal plant. It produces various phytochemicals, particularly polysaccharides, which have nutraceutical and pharmaceutical values. To increase its biomass production and polysaccharide content, our breeding program has generated a series of polyploid cultivars through colchicine treatment of protocorm-like bodies (PLBs). The present study compared two tetraploid cultivars, 201-1-T1 and 201-1-T2, with their diploid parental cultivar, 201-1, in an established in vitro culture system. Tetraploid ‘201-1-T1’ and ‘201-1-T2’ had shorter leaves and shorter and thicker stems and roots, and they produced higher biomass compared with the diploid cultivar. The length and width of stomata significantly increased, but stomatal density decreased in tetraploid cultivars. The PLB induction rates from the stem node explants of the tetraploid cultivars were significantly higher than those of diploid. However, the PLB proliferation of tetraploids was lower than that of the diploid. The mean number of plantlets regenerated from tetraploid PLBs was also lower than that of the diploid after 4 months of culture. Polysaccharide contents in stems, leaves, and roots of 6-month-old tetraploid plantlets were significantly higher than those of diploids. The polysaccharide content in the stem of ‘201-1-T1’ was 12.70%, which was a 2-fold increase compared with the diploid cultivar. Our results showed that chromosome doubling could be a viable way of improving D. officinale in biomass and polysaccharide production.

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An in vitro chromosome doubling method for clovers (Trifolium spp.)

Genome ◽

10.1139/g91-001 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 34 (1) ◽

pp. 1-5 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

J. A. Anderson ◽

C. Mousset-Déclas ◽

E. G. Williams ◽

N. L. Taylor

Keyword(s):

Interspecific Hybrids ◽

Chromosome Doubling ◽

Shoot Proliferation ◽

Red Clover ◽

Colchicine Treatment ◽

Root Tips ◽

Axillary Meristems ◽

Doubling Method ◽

A New Technique

This research reports a new technique for chromosome doubling of clover (Trifolium sp.) axillary meristems via in vitro colchicine application. Plant material utilized included T. pratense (red clover) cv. Kenstar clones, and three interspecific hybrids: T. ambiguum (kura clover) × T. repens (white clover); T. alpestre × T. pratense; and T. sarosiense × T. pratense. Vegetative axillary meristems were excised from plants, surface sterilized, and trimmed to a length of 0.5–1 mm. Meristems were placed on the surface of a shoot proliferation medium (ML8) containing colchicine (0.1%) for 48 or 72 h and then transferred back to ML8. Alternative treatments were to preculture meristems on ML8 for 7 days prior to colchicine treatment. Plantlets with two or three trifoliolate leaves were induced to root on CR2 or RL rooting media. Preculturing of meristems on ML8 prior to colchicine exposure resulted in the highest chromosome doubling frequencies among the different genotypes, although there was apparent genotype × treatment interaction. Chromosome doubling frequencies were as high as 81 and 44% for initial root tips and mature shoots, respectively. To make rapid assessments of ploidy level of flowering plants, pollen shape was examined. Chromosome doubling increased the pollen stainability of the T. ambiguum × T. repens hybrid from 2.5 to 33.6%, but did not result in fertility in the other two interspecific hybrids.Key words: Trifolium, colchicine, chromosome doubling, interspecific hybrids.

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Methods of experimental polyploidization and their use in apple breeding

POMICULTURE & SMALL FRUITS CULTURE IN RUSSIA ◽

10.31676/2073-4948-2020-62-85-90 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 62 ◽

pp. 85-90

Author(s):

L. V. Tashmatova ◽

O. V. Matsneva ◽

T. M. Khromova ◽

V. V. Shakhov

Keyword(s):

Exposure Time ◽

Cell Walls ◽

Prolonged Exposure ◽

Ornamental Plants ◽

Colchicine Treatment ◽

Apple Trees ◽

Open Ground ◽

High Concentrations ◽

Diploid Gametes

The article presents methods of experimental polyploidy of fruit, berry and ornamental plants. The purpose of this review is to highlight the problems and prospects of polyploidization of plants in the open ground and in vitro culture and the possibility of their application for apple trees. For the purpose of obtaining apple tetraploids as donors of diploid gametes, seed seedlings were treated with a solution of colchicine in concentrations of 0.1-0.4 % for 24 and 48 hours. Colchicine concentrations of 0.3 % and 0.4 % at 48 hours of treatment had a detrimental eff ect on their development. As a result, tetraploids and chimeras were obtained from seeds from free pollination of the varieties Orlik, Svezhest, Kandil Orlovsky, as well as from seeds obtained from crossing the varieties Svezhest×Bolotovskoe, Moskovskoe Оzherel’e×Imrus, Girlyanda×Venyaminovskoe. The optimal concentration of colchicine was 0.1 %. Methods of colchicine treatment have been studied: 1) adding to the nutrient medium, colchicine concentration: 0.01%, 0.02%, exposure time 24h-19 days; 2) applying amitotic solution to the growth point, colchicine concentration: 0.1 %, 0.2 %, exposure time 24h-7 days. To increase the penetration of colchicine through the cell walls, a 0.1 % dimexide solution was used. Studies have shown that high concentrations and prolonged exposure to colchicine reduce the viability of explants.

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