Fluctuating asymmetry of floral organ traits in natural populations of Iris pumila from contrasting light habitats

2010 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 173-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
BRANKA TUCIĆ ◽  
DANIJELA MILJKOVIĆ
Keyword(s):  
Fluctuating Asymmetry ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Floral Organ ◽  
Iris Pumila

scholarly journals Diazinon resistance, fluctuating asymmetry and fitness in the Australian sheep blowfly, lucilia cuprina.

Genetics ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 120 (1) ◽  
pp. 213-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
J A McKenzie ◽  
G M Clarke
Keyword(s):  
Fluctuating Asymmetry ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Lucilia Cuprina ◽  
Resistance Locus ◽  
Gene Complex ◽  
Subsequent Evolution ◽  
Genetic Analyses ◽  
Evolution Of Resistance ◽  
Australian Sheep ◽  
Chromosome Iii

Abstract Genetic evidence suggests that the evolution of resistance to the insecticide diazinon in Lucilia cuprina initially produced an increase in asymmetry. At that time resistant flies were presumed to be at a selective disadvantage in the absence of diazinon. Subsequent evolution in natural populations selected modifiers to ameliorate these effects. The fitness and fluctuating asymmetry levels of resistant flies are currently similar to those of susceptibles. Previous genetic analyses have shown the fitness modifier to co-segregate with the region of chromosome III marked by the white eyes, w, locus, unlinked to the diazinon resistance locus, Rop-1, on chromosome IV. This study maps the asymmetry modifier to the same region, shows, as in the case of the fitness modifier, its effect to be dominant and presents data consistent with the fitness/asymmetry modifier being the same gene (gene complex). These results suggest changes in fluctuating asymmetry reflect changes in fitness.

scholarly journals Fluctuating Asymmetry, Developmental Noise and Developmental Stability: Future Prospects for the Population Developmental Biology Approach

Symmetry ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 1376 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir M. Zakharov ◽  
Elena G. Shadrina ◽  
Ilya E. Trofimov
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Biology ◽  
Fluctuating Asymmetry ◽  
Population Biology ◽  
Phenotypic Diversity ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Developmental Stability ◽  
The State ◽  
Future Prospects ◽  
Genetically Determined ◽  
Developmental Noise

Developmental noise—which level may vary within a certain backlash allowed by natural selection—is a reflection of the state of a developing system or developmental stability. Phenotypic variations inside the genetically determined norm observed in case of fluctuating asymmetry provide a unique opportunity for evaluating this form of ontogenetic variability. Low levels of developmental noise for the biologic system under study is observed under certain conditions, while its increase acts as a measure of stress. The concordance of changes in developmental stability with changes in other parameters of developmental homeostasis indicates the significance of fluctuating asymmetry estimates. All this determines the future prospects of the study of fluctuating asymmetry not only for developmental biology, but also for population biology. The study of developmental stability may act as the basis of an approach of population developmental biology to assess the nature of the phenotypic diversity and the state of natural populations under various impacts and during evolutionary transformations.

scholarly journals Radial and Bilateral Fluctuating Asymmetry of Iris pumila Flowers as Indicators of Environmental Stress

Symmetry ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 818
Author(s):  
Barišić Klisarić ◽  
Miljković ◽  
Avramov ◽  
Živković ◽  
Tarasjev
Keyword(s):  
Fluctuating Asymmetry ◽  
Nature Reserve ◽  
Stomatal Density ◽  
Heavy Traffic ◽  
Photosynthetic Pigment ◽  
Asymmetry Index ◽  
Polluted Environment ◽  
Arid Steppe ◽  
Iris Pumila ◽  
Flower Structures

In this study we compared the biomonitoring potential of various types of flower asymmetry indices in Iris pumila (Dwarf Bearded Iris). We chose 197 naturally growing clones from the arid steppe habitat in the largest sandy area in Europe (Deliblato Sands Nature Reserve), and we transplanted two replicates of each clone to a polluted highway site with a heavy traffic flow. After a period of acclimatization, lower levels of photosynthetic pigment concentrations and higher stomatal density and specific leaf area in transplants verified that the chosen highway site was indeed more stressful and therefore suitable for estimation of the flower asymmetry biomonitoring potential. We analyzed radially and bilaterally symmetrical flower structures (radial fluctuating asymmetry (RA) and bilateral fluctuating asymmetry (FA)) on three perianth parts—falls, standards, and styles—and calculated various asymmetry indices based on linear and geometric morphometrics. Despite utilizing a heavily polluted environment and fairly large sample sizes, only one asymmetry index was significantly higher on the polluted site with demonstrated stressful effects on utilized plants, indicating that flower asymmetry was not an efficient method for biomonitoring in the case of I. pumila RA and FA indices.

scholarly journals Linking Hsp90 function to micro-environmental and stochastic variation in floralorgans of Iris pumila L.

2008 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 411-419 ◽  
Author(s):  
Branka Tucic ◽  
S. Manitasevic ◽  
A. Vuleta ◽  
Gordana Matic
Keyword(s):  
Floral Organ ◽  
Radial Symmetry ◽  
Model Organisms ◽  
Statistical Association ◽  
Stochastic Variation ◽  
Environmentally Responsive ◽  
Genetic Perturbations ◽  
Iris Pumila ◽  
Developmental Noise ◽  
Hsp90 Function

Hsp90 is an environmentally responsive molecular chaperone that was found to play a key role in buffering against genetic and non-genetic perturbations in the model organisms Arabidopsis and Drosophila. Here we analyzed the buffering capacity of Hsp90 against two kinds of non-genetic factors - stochastic noise and micro-environmental varia?tion of floral organ traits in naturally growing Iris pumila plants. We found no statistical association between the endog?enous level of Hsp90 and the floral organ radial symmetry produced by stochastic developmental noise. Conversely, floral organ plasticity in response to micro-environmental variation tended to be greater with decrease in Hsp90b isoform expression.

scholarly journals Exploring phenotypic floral integration in Iris pumila L.: A common-garden experiment

2013 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 781-793 ◽  
Author(s):  
Branka Tucic ◽  
Ana Vuleta ◽  
Sanja Manitasevic-Jovanovic
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component ◽  
Common Garden ◽  
Phenotypic Selection ◽  
Factor Loading ◽  
Floral Organ ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Common Garden Experiment ◽  
Correlation Pattern ◽  
Perianth Tube ◽  
Iris Pumila

The angiosperm flower is a complex integrated phenotype, but within this structure there are partly independent units or modules. The interconnections among floral organ traits are hypothesized to be mostly generated by pollinatormediated selection. In this study, we explore whether floral dry mass per area (DMA) in an insect-pollinated herb, Iris pumila, exhibits a modular correlation pattern as has been reported for some size-related traits. We found that the overall pattern of floral organ integration with regard to DMA was uneven in the offspring of Iris pumila derived from a sunexposed and a shaded natural population. Since principal component analysis (PCA) showed that most of the eigenvalue variance was explained by the first two principal components (PCs), these PCs were considered as two floral modules. The greatest factor loadings on the first PC axis was that of the perianth and style arm DMA (PSDMA) and perianth tube DMA (PTDMA),while on the second PC axis, the greatest factor loading was that of stamen DMA (STDMA). The results indicate that the function of the first module would be to attract a pollinating vector, while the second one would reflect male functions. Selection analyses revealed that the targets of phenotypic selection were both intra-floral integration and individual floral traits. Both PSDMA and PC1DMA were under strong linear selection, while PTDMA experienced direct stabilization selection. The level of integration in floral organ DMA expressed in the term of relative eigenvalue variance appeared to be rather low, as was documented for other angiosperm taxa.

Fluctuating Asymmetry of Natural Populations of Aquatic Insects Along a Salinity Gradient

2006 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 229-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christophe Piscart ◽  
Jean-Claude Moreteau ◽  
Jean-Nicolas Beisel
Keyword(s):  
Fluctuating Asymmetry ◽  
Aquatic Insects ◽  
Salinity Gradient ◽  
Natural Populations

scholarly journals Fluctuating asymmetry as a putative marker of human-induced stress in avian conservation

2008 ◽  
Vol 18 (S1) ◽  
pp. S125-S143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luc Lens ◽  
Hilde Eggermont
Keyword(s):  
Fluctuating Asymmetry ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Weighted Average ◽  
Anthropogenic Stress ◽  
Measurement And Analysis ◽  
One Step ◽  
Left Right Asymmetry ◽  
Combine Information ◽  
Putative Marker ◽  
Selection Of

AbstractAs anthropogenic stress increasingly affects the viability of natural populations of animals and plants, conservation ecologists are challenged to identify vulnerable populations before their demographic and/or genetic properties become irreversibly affected. Since traditional biomarkers of anthropogenic stress are often cumbersome to measure, and populations may thus go extinct before appropriate data can be obtained, there is a growing interest in individual-based markers that do not require repeated captures, are relatively easy to measure, and allow mitigating action one step ahead. One such marker, left-right asymmetry in bilateral symmetrical traits (“fluctuating asymmetry”, FA) has become an established bioassay of the quality and health of individuals and populations in evolutionary-ecological studies. However, the lack of a theoretical framework that predicts under which ecological conditions relationships between FA, stress and fitness can be expected, continues to hamper the use of FA in applied conservation. Here, we briefly review the concept, measurement and analysis of FA, and appraise its expediency in a selection of 21 avian studies covering environmental or genetic stress commonly encountered in conservation biology. The majority of studies met the basic statistical requirements of FA analysis, and two-thirds reported significant, positive relationships with environmental or genetic stress, although with substantial variation among traits, stresses, ages and sexes. In most cases, the observed heterogeneity in relationships with FA could be explained by taking into account both methodological and conceptual issues. Effect sizes ranged from very small (0.02) to very large (0.76), with a weighted average of 0.30, indicating that on average 9% of variance in the variable of interest was explained by FA. Given the intrinsic difficulties associated with FA analysis, conservation ecologists are advised to combine information from FA with that of other individual-based biomarkers, such as the study of growth-bar dimensions on developing feathers.

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