Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1αand vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) are important angiogenic factors in human cancers. Relative to VEGF-C, prognostic significance of VEGF-D expression and its association with HIF-1αexpression remain elusive in esophageal squamous cell cancer (ESCC). We studied expression of HIF-1αand VEGF-D using immunohistochemistry in 85 resected ESCC specimens and correlated results with patients' clinicopathologic parameters and survival. Association between expression of HIF-1αand VEGF-D was investigated using a concordance analysis. High expression of HIF-1αand VEGF-D was observed in 52 (61.2%) and 56 (65.9%) patients, respectively. HIF-1αexpression correlated well with tumor stage (P= 0.041), whereas VEGF-D expression correlated with tumor stage (P= 0.027) and N status (P= 0.019). Groups of high HIF-1αand VEGF-D showed worse survivals than those of low expression (P= 0.002 and 0.001, respectively). Multivariate analysis supported expression of HIF-1αand VEGF-D as significant survival predictors (P= 0.044 and 0.035, respectively). A concordance rate of 69.5% was observed between expression of HIF-1αand VEGF-D. In conclusion, protein expression of HIF-1αand VEGF-D are independent prognostic predictors. An association between expression of HIF-1αand VEGF-D suggests that these two angiogenic factors are essential in progression of ESCC.
Hypoxia-inducible factor 1α in combination with vascular endothelial growth factor could predict the prognosis of postoperative patients with oesophageal squamous cell cancer