Musical experience and neural efficiency - effects of training on subcortical processing of vocal expressions of emotion

2009 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 661-668 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dana L. Strait ◽  
Nina Kraus ◽  
Erika Skoe ◽  
Richard Ashley
2007 ◽  
Vol 121 (5) ◽  
pp. 854-870 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paolo Toffanin ◽  
Addie Johnson ◽  
Ritske de Jong ◽  
Sander Martens

2000 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 200-207
Author(s):  
Aljoscha C. Neubauer ◽  
Dietmar G. Schrausser ◽  
Heribert H. Freudenthaler
Keyword(s):  

Zusammenfassung: Die neural efficiency-Hypothese der menschlichen Intelligenz nimmt an, daß eine wesentliche physiologische Grundlage intelligenten Verhaltens in einer Fokussierung der Aktivierung auf aufgabenrelevante Kortexareale besteht. Eine Bestätigung dieser Vermutung läßt sich aus neueren Studien ableiten, in denen die Aktivierung des gesamten Kortex mittels bildgebender EEG-Verfahren oder der Positronen-Emissions-Tomographie (PET) gemessen wurde. Im Beitrag sollen die wesentlichsten Ergebnisse unserer bisherigen EEG-Studien zu dieser Frage vorgestellt werden. Dabei wurde die durch kognitive Aufgaben ausgelöste Ereignisbezogene Desynchronisation (ERD) im EEG topografisch analysiert und jeweils zwischen zwei Gruppen unterschiedlicher Intelligenz verglichen. Es konnte zumeist beobachtet werden, daß intelligentere Personen ihre kortikale Aktivierung vor allem auf die aufgabenrelevanten Areale fokussieren, während die weniger intelligenten eine eher diffuse Aktivierung aufweisen. Zudem ergaben sich Wechselwirkungen des Faktors Intelligenz mit der Aufgabenkomplexität (Studie 2) und dem Geschlecht (Studie 3). Annahmen darüber, welche Eigenschaften des biologischen Substrats für dieses neural efficiency-Phänomen verantwortlich sein könnten, werden diskutiert.


2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-86
Author(s):  
Wido Nager ◽  
Tilla Franke ◽  
Tobias Wagner-Altendorf ◽  
Eckart Altenmüller ◽  
Thomas F. Münte

Abstract. Playing a musical instrument professionally has been shown to lead to structural and functional neural adaptations, making musicians valuable subjects for neuroplasticity research. Here, we follow the hypothesis that specific musical demands further shape neural processing. To test this assumption, we subjected groups of professional drummers, professional woodwind players, and nonmusicians to pure tone sequences and drum sequences in which infrequent anticipations of tones or drum beats had been inserted. Passively listening to these sequences elicited a mismatch negativity to the temporally deviant stimuli which was greater in the musicians for tone series and particularly large for drummers for drum sequences. In active listening conditions drummers more accurately and more quickly detected temporally deviant stimuli.


2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-55
Author(s):  
José María Esteve-Faubel ◽  
Benjamín Francés-Luna ◽  
Jonathan P. Stephens ◽  
Lee Bartel
Keyword(s):  

1989 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 243-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno H. Repp

According to a provocative theory set forth by Manfred Clynes, there are composer-specific cyclic patterns of (unnotated) musical microstructure that, when discovered and realized by a performer, help to give the music its characteristic expressive quality. Clynes, relying mainly on his own judgment as an experienced musician, has derived such personal "pulses" for several famous composers by imposing time and amplitude perturbations on computer-controlled performances of classical music and modifying them until they converged on some optimal expression. To conduct a preliminary test of the general music lover's appreciation of such "pulsed" performances, two sets of piano pieces by Beethoven, Haydn, Mozart, and Schubert, one in quadruple and the other in triple meter, were selected for this study. Each piece was synthesized with each composer's pulse and also without any pulse. These different versions were presented in random order to listeners of varying musical sophistication for preference judgments relative to the unpulsed version. There were reliable changes in listeners' pulse preferences across different composers' pieces, which affirms one essential prerequisite of Clynes' theory. Moreover, in several instances the "correct" pulse was preferred most, which suggests not only that these pulse patterns indeed capture composer- specific qualities, but also that listeners without extensive musical experience can appreciate them. In other cases, however, listeners' preferences were not as expected, and possible causes for these deviations are discussed.


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