Evidence-based urology in practice: randomized controlled trials stopped early for benefit

2010 ◽  
Vol 106 (7) ◽  
pp. 962-963 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven E. Canfield ◽  
Shahnaz Sultan ◽  
Philipp Dahm
Keyword(s):  
Randomized Controlled Trials ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Randomized Controlled

Trends in randomized controlled trials in ENT: a 30-year review

1997 ◽  
Vol 111 (7) ◽  
pp. 611-613 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. W. Ah-See ◽  
N. C. Molony ◽  
A. G. D. Maran
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Randomized Controlled Trials ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Controlled Clinical Trials ◽  
Medline Search ◽  
Randomized Controlled Clinical Trials ◽  
Randomized Controlled

AbstractThere is a growth in the demand for clinical practice to be evidence based. Recent years have seen a rise in the number of randomized controlled clinical trials (RCTS). Such trials while acknowledged as the gold standard for evidence can be difficult to perform in surgical specialities. We have recently identified a low proportion of RCTS in the otolaryngology literature. Our aim was to identify any trend in the number of published RCTS within the ENT literature over a 30-year period and to identify which areas of our speciality lend themselves to this form of study design. A Medline search of 10 prominent journals published between 1966 and 1995 was performed. Two hundred and ninety-six RCTS were identified. Only five were published before 1980. Two hundred (71 per cent) of RCTS were in the areas of otology and rhinology. An encouraging trend is seen in RCTS within ENT literature.

scholarly journals Breast Cancer Research to Support Evidence-Based Medicine in Nigeria: A Review of the Literature

2021 ◽  
pp. 384-390
Author(s):  
Omolara A. Fatiregun ◽  
Temiloluwa Oluokun ◽  
Nwamaka N. Lasebikan ◽  
Emmanuella Nwachukwu ◽  
Abiola A. Ibraheem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cancer Research ◽  
Randomized Controlled Trials ◽  
Evidence Based Medicine ◽  
Treatment Guidelines ◽  
Breast Cancer Research ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Based Medicine

PURPOSE Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in women worldwide. In Nigeria, it accounts for 22.7% of all new cancer cases among women. Evidence-based medicine (EBM) entails using the results from healthcare research to enhance the clinical decision-making process and develop evidence-based treatment guidelines. Level 1 and 2 studies, such as randomized controlled trials, meta-analyses, and systematic reviews of randomized controlled trials, yield more robust types of evidence. This study reviewed the levels of evidence of breast cancer publications in Nigeria. METHODS We conducted an electronic literature search of all studies published on breast cancer in Nigeria from January 1961 to August 2019. We reviewed all the articles found under the search term “Breast Cancer in Nigeria” on medical databases. RESULTS Our search identified 2,242 publications. One thousand two hundred fifty duplicates were removed, and 520 were excluded. A total of 472 articles were considered eligible for this review. Most of these articles were case series or reports (30.7%), qualitative studies (15.7%), followed by cross-sectional studies (13.3%), laboratory studies (12.9%), case-control studies (6.1%), case reports (7%), and cohort (5.7%). CONCLUSION Breast cancer research in Nigeria is yet to produce much evidence of the types considered to best support EBM. The scarcity of data hampers the implementation of EBM in Nigeria. Currently, most treatment guidelines are adapted from those developed in other countries, despite genetic differences among populations and different environmental influencing factors.

scholarly journals Clinical Importance of Evidence Based Therapy for Diabetes Type 2

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 21-24
Author(s):  
Mohammad A. Bajubair
Keyword(s):  
Heart Disease ◽  
Ischemic Heart Disease ◽  
Randomized Controlled Trials ◽  
Oral Treatment ◽  
Ischemic Heart ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Evidence Based Therapy

Objectives: Not all practice guidelines on oral treatment of Type 2 diabetes were consistent with available evidences. Our aim was to explore the necessity of following the new clinical evidences in treatment of diabetes mellitus Type 2 in clinical practice and the availability of randomized controlled trials in literature used. Methods: Cross-sectional interview survey of 20 physicians in the Internal Medicine Departments in Althawra Teaching Hospital, University of Sana'a, Yemen, to understand the drug used in T2DM in regards to the clinically evidenced trials. The three commonly used literatures were studied for the availability of randomized controlled trials s and the systematic reviews. Results: Examples of drugs to be considered in special correlation and contradiction were metformin and thiazolidinediones (rosi-, pioglitazone). Fear of lactic acidosis was seen in 45% of physicians. Ischemic Heart disease and failure represent the commonest cause of glitazones avoidance, especially for rosiglitazone (100% vs. 50% for pioglitazone). Example of drugs used were with no agreements of their benefit are gabapentin (35%) and neurobion (30%) for neuropathy prevention. In the side effect consideration, metformin was still considered dangerous, and B-blockers hesitation in ischemic heart disease prevention. The main source of information used by physicians was Davidson's Medicine, British national formulary and pharmaceutical marketing leaflets. Conclusions: Inconsistency between the tested physicians may be improved by better access and implementation of evidence-based therapy and guidelines in T2DM.

Plastic and reconstructive surgery

2016 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Randomized Controlled Trials ◽  
Plastic Surgery ◽  
Reconstructive Surgery ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Trial And Error ◽  
Plastic And Reconstructive Surgery ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
The Past ◽  
Evidence Based Surgery

In plastic and reconstructive surgery, innovation and creativity have been foremost, with science and evidence following. Unlike for a number of other specialties, the advances in plastic surgery have largely come from imagination, innovations, and trial and error, rather than from scientific trials. Somewhat more than for the rest of surgery, in plastics (where the art and craft of each particular surgeon counts immeasurably), randomized controlled trials of techniques have failed to be generated in the past, due to the difficulty of objectively assessing the success of surgery with an aesthetic-based nature. Consequently, evidence-based study of plastic surgery is a relatively new and developing field. This chapter focuses on the growing importance of evidence-based surgery in this specialty, showing that scientific trials are now being performed with increasing frequency.

The Impact of ARC in Human Service Organizations

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony L. Hemmelgarn ◽  
Charles Glisson
Keyword(s):  
Randomized Controlled Trials ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Client Outcomes ◽  
Service Effectiveness ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Arc Model ◽  
The Impact

This chapter describes empirical support for the ARC model from multiple randomized controlled trials. These trials describe the effects of ARC on organizational culture and climate, organizational priorities, clinicians’ work attitudes, clinicians’ evidence-based practice behaviors, and most importantly, client outcomes. Both the ARC model and the validity of the OSC measurement system are also supported by a number of non-experimental and quasi-experimental studies. Collectively, these studies describe linkages with OSC and related criteria using regional and nationwide samples that are fundamental to explaining the value of the ARC model. Much of this work is referenced throughout the book. In this chapter, the authors focus on the randomized controlled trials to support causal inferences about the effects of ARC, including impact on client outcomes, staff outcomes such as turnover and engagement, as well as impact on evidence-based practices. The evidence also highlights the implications for using ARC strategies in planned efforts to improve service effectiveness.

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