scholarly journals ZERO INFLATION: TRANSITION COSTS AND SHOE LEATHER BENEFITS

1993 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
CHARLES T. Carlstrom ◽  
WILLIAM T. Gavin
Keyword(s):  
Zero Inflation ◽  
Transition Costs

Individualism

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Serene J. Khader
Keyword(s):  
Division Of Labor ◽  
Specific Form ◽  
Feminist Critique ◽  
Gender Division Of Labor ◽  
Individual Person ◽  
Transition Costs ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Ideological Assumptions

This chapter argues that independence individualism, a form of individualism that is the object of decolonial feminist critique, is conceptually unnecessary for feminism, and in fact undermines transnational feminist praxis. Opposition to sexist oppression does not logically entail individualism. Adopting the specific form of individualism called “independence individualism,” which holds that individuals should be economically self-sufficient and that only chosen relationships are valuable is likely to worsen the gender division of labor and obscure the transition costs of feminist change. The perceived relationship between independence individualism and feminism is traceable to ideological assumptions that associate capitalism with liberation from tradition, and tradition with patriarchy. The concept of independence individualism is arrived at by examining the justificatory discourses behind ostensibly feminist policies that proclaim the value of the individual person while harming “other” women.

Why Inflicting Disability is Wrong: The Mere-Difference View and the Causation-Based Objection

2020 ◽  
pp. 157-173
Author(s):  
Julia Mosquera
Keyword(s):  
Transition Costs

In her widely known paper “Valuing Disability, Causing Disability” Elizabeth Barnes defends the view that disability is a mere difference (Mere-Difference View, or MDV). Her paper is a response to critics who argue that the MDV implies the permissibility of inflicting disability. Barnes defends the view that inflicting disability is nevertheless morally wrong because of (1) the transition costs of becoming disabled, and (2) the Principle of Non-Interference (PNI). This chapter argues that although Barnes is right in affirming that inflicting disability is morally wrong, the arguments she provides in support of this conclusion are unsuccessful in a number of cases. Absent better defense, the MDV remains susceptible to permitting the infliction of disability.

DIF Detection With Zero-Inflation Under the Factor Mixture Modeling Framework

2021 ◽  
pp. 001316442110289
Author(s):  
Sooyong Lee ◽  
Suhwa Han ◽  
Seung W. Choi
Keyword(s):  
Total Sample ◽  
Mixture Modeling ◽  
Zero Inflation ◽  
Modeling Framework ◽  
Detection Power ◽  
Suggested Procedure ◽  
Response Data ◽  
Number Of Zeros ◽  
Factor Mixture Modeling ◽  
Study Results

Response data containing an excessive number of zeros are referred to as zero-inflated data. When differential item functioning (DIF) detection is of interest, zero-inflation can attenuate DIF effects in the total sample and lead to underdetection of DIF items. The current study presents a DIF detection procedure for response data with excess zeros due to the existence of unobserved heterogeneous subgroups. The suggested procedure utilizes the factor mixture modeling (FMM) with MIMIC (multiple-indicator multiple-cause) to address the compromised DIF detection power via the estimation of latent classes. A Monte Carlo simulation was conducted to evaluate the suggested procedure in comparison to the well-known likelihood ratio (LR) DIF test. Our simulation study results indicated the superiority of FMM over the LR DIF test in terms of detection power and illustrated the importance of accounting for latent heterogeneity in zero-inflated data. The empirical data analysis results further supported the use of FMM by flagging additional DIF items over and above the LR test.

scholarly journals Assessing the energy transition in China towards carbon neutrality with a probabilistic framework

2022 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shu Zhang ◽  
Wenying Chen
Keyword(s):  
Energy Transition ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Monte Carlo Analysis ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Consumption Pattern ◽  
Peak Time ◽  
Carbon Neutrality ◽  
Transition Costs ◽  
Welfare Losses ◽  
Removal Technologies

AbstractA profound transformation of China’s energy system is required to achieve carbon neutrality. Here, we couple Monte Carlo analysis with a bottom-up energy-environment-economy model to generate 3,000 cases with different carbon peak times, technological evolution pathways and cumulative carbon budgets. The results show that if emissions peak in 2025, the carbon neutrality goal calls for a 45–62% electrification rate, 47–78% renewable energy in primary energy supply, 5.2–7.9 TW of solar and wind power, 1.5–2.7 PWh of energy storage usage and 64–1,649 MtCO2 of negative emissions, and synergistically reducing approximately 80% of local air pollutants compared to the present level in 2050. The emission peak time and cumulative carbon budget have significant impacts on the decarbonization pathways, technology choices, and transition costs. Early peaking reduces welfare losses and prevents overreliance on carbon removal technologies. Technology breakthroughs, production and consumption pattern changes, and policy enhancement are urgently required to achieve carbon neutrality.

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