China’s Policy Responses to the Economic Impact of CPTPP and their Effectiveness

The paper uses 2018 data to construct a numerical general equilibrium model containing 26 economies, and adds global value chain and added-value trade into the structure, and systematically simulates the economic effects of China’s response to three scenarios of nine categories of CPTPP policy selection. In line with the simulation results, under the four scenarios in which China takes unilateral measures to deal with the impact of CPTPP, the policy effectiveness from high to low separately includes: the construction of China–Japan–Korea free-trade agreement, the entry into force of RCEP and the further opening-up. In the two scenarios in which China joins the CPTPP, the effect of joining the agreement with the first batch of expansion countries is better, while the effect of joining the CPTPP later is slightly worse. After the United States returned to CPTPP, China chose three scenarios in which the economic effects, from high to low, were to optimize the business environment, take no measures and join CPTPP with the United States. Among the three different options, the economic benefit of China’s active choice to join CPTPP is the best. Second is the effect of China’s unilateral measures on CPTPP. However, once the United States returns to CPTPP, it will bring adverse impact on China. The effective measure to deal with it is to optimize the business environment to reduce the cost of the trade.

Decision Support for Local Water Authorities in Guantao

Policy selection and implementation rely on monitoring data and technical decision support tools. Monitoring data of Guantao County include groundwater levels at 55 observation wells, pumping rates of 7600 wells, surface water flows, precipitation, and land use in monthly time steps.

How Do City Size and Immigration Policies Affect Labor Mobility?

This paper uses the micro data from the National Health Commission’s “China floating population dynamic monitoring survey” (CMDS) project, and uses probit and Ivprobit models to analyze the impact of policy selection on Labor mobility Decision-making under different city sizes. The results show that: (1) the larger the city size, the more conducive to labor inflow, and the externality of human capital has a positive regulatory effect; (2) the impact of city size on Labor mobility has policy screening heterogeneity, the more obvious the policy threshold, the more conducive to high-level labor inflow. Making more reasonable labor policy, reducing the threshold of labor inflow, breaking the barriers of labor inflow, balancing the gap between high skilled labor force and low skilled labor force, weakening the crowding out effect of urban scale expansion and labor policy can effectively attract talents and promote urban development.

Towards a computational phenomenology of mental action: modelling meta-awareness and attentional control with deep parametric active inference

Meta-awareness refers to the capacity to explicitly notice the current content of consciousness and has been identified as a key component for the successful control of cognitive states, such as the deliberate direction of attention. This paper proposes a formal model of meta-awareness and attentional control using hierarchical active inference. To do so, we cast mental action as policy selection over higher-level cognitive states and add a further hierarchical level to model meta-awareness states that modulate the expected confidence (precision) in the mapping between observations and hidden cognitive states. We simulate the example of mind-wandering and its regulation during a task involving sustained selective attention on a perceptual object. This provides a computational case study for an inferential architecture that is apt to enable the emergence of these central components of human phenomenology, namely, the ability to access and control cognitive states. We propose that this approach can be generalized to other cognitive states, and hence, this paper provides the first steps towards the development of a computational phenomenology of mental action and more broadly of our ability to monitor and control our own cognitive states. Future steps of this work will focus on fitting the model with qualitative, behavioural, and neural data.

Dream to explore: 5-HT2a as adaptive temperature parameter for sophisticated affective inference

Relative to other neuromodulators, serotonin (5-HT) has received far less attention in machine learning and active inference. We will review prior work interpreting 5-HT1a signaling as an uncertainty parameter with opponency to dopamine. We will then discuss how 5-HT2a receptors may promote more exploratory policy selection by enhancing imaginative planning (as sophisticated affective inference). Finally, we will briefly comment on how qualitatively different effects may be observed across low and high levels of 5-HT2a signaling, where the latter may help agents to change self-adversarial policies and break free of maladaptive absorbing states in POMDPs.

KEBIJAKAN SELEKSI DALAM MENDUKUNG STANDAR KOLEKSI DI PERPUSTAKAAN SEKOLAH

The school library is a library in a school to support the teaching and learning activities and objectives of the parent school. In terms of the collection, the library has a standard, both from the number of collections as well as the depth of the collection. There needs to be the selection policy as part of a collection development policy so that these standards are fulfilled. This paper uses literature study method. This paper provides guidance to the school librarian about the things that need to be considered in making the selection policy. Selection policy must consider the amount of collection, type of collection, the suitability of the curriculum, language, and so forth.

MECHANISM FOR IMPLEMENTING THE COMPANY'S PRODUCT POLICY

Search for the most advanced schemes and models of the Corporation's product policy, selection of tools and mechanisms for their adaptation to the conditions of a particular market. The importance of justifying marketing decisions for the development of such a policy is of increased interest to researchers in this issue. Originality of the research. Scientific novelty consists in the development of methodological recommendations and practical proposals for improving the product policy at the enterprise. Research result. The conceptual framework of market research studies and the role of product policy in the marketing development Corporation; the specificity of marketing researches for specific food market; conducted market analysis of market conditions and formulates the algorithm of development of commercial policy on the selected segment; modeled the mechanism of implementation of managerial decisions of the Corporation in the sphere of commercial policy in its implementation.

MECHANISM FOR IMPLEMENTING THE COMPANY'S PRODUCT POLICY

Search for the most advanced schemes and models of the Corporation's product policy, selection of tools and mechanisms for their adaptation to the conditions of a particular market. The importance of justifying marketing decisions for the development of such a policy is of increased interest to researchers in this issue. Originality of the research. Scientific novelty consists in the development of methodological recommendations and practical proposals for improving the product policy at the enterprise. Research result. The conceptual framework of market research studies and the role of product policy in the marketing development Corporation; the specificity of marketing researches for specific food market; conducted market analysis of market conditions and formulates the algorithm of development of commercial policy on the selected segment; modeled the mechanism of implementation of managerial decisions of the Corporation in the sphere of commercial policy in its implementation.

Delegation and Decentralization: Reform Ideas for Bihar’s Economic Transformation

This article proposes reform ideas for Bihar using advances in economics research on the role of institutions in economic development. Institutions—the formal and informal rules of the ‘game’ of how people interact in society—are fundamental determinants of economic activity and entrepreneurship. Historical institutions of caste-based feudalism in Bihar have been regarded as depressing entrepreneurship and encouraging lawlessness and corruption. New survey data–based evidence shows the potential of two reforms to bring about Bihar’s institutional and economic transformation: greater delegation of public policy implementation in bureaucracies and greater decentralization of public policy selection to local governments. Greater delegation means giving autonomy and discretion to agents in bureaucracies, and promoting professional norms for service delivery rather than hierarchical monitoring and disciplining to achieve performance. Greater decentralization means that more policy choices—such as on the composition of public expenditures, tariffs and fees for public infrastructure—are made by local leaders who gain the power to make these choices by winning more local elections. Communication within bureaucracies and through local media about the performance of public policies is part of these institutional reforms. Taken together, these can reduce the influence of patronage politics and enable the selection of leaders who pursue policies in the broad public interest. In turn, these institutional changes can spur greater economic activity and entrepreneurship, including all social groups in growth and prosperity.