Effects of Multisensory Environments on Stereotyped Behaviours Assessed as Maintained by Automatic Reinforcement

2012 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 509-521 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindsay Hill ◽  
Karen Trusler ◽  
Frederick Furniss ◽  
Giulio Lancioni
Keyword(s):  
Automatic Reinforcement ◽  
Stereotyped Behaviours

The age dependence of stereotyped behaviours in blind infants and preschoolers

1991 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
HEINRICH TROSTER ◽  
MICHAEL BRAMBRING ◽  
ANDREAS BEELMANN
Keyword(s):  
Age Dependence ◽  
Stereotyped Behaviours

Factors affecting behavioural disturbances in race-horses

1998 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 475-481 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Redbo ◽  
P. Redbo-Torstensson ◽  
F. O. Ödberg ◽  
A. Hedendahl ◽  
J. Holm
Keyword(s):  
External Factors ◽  
Small Field ◽  
Positive Relation ◽  
Main Study ◽  
Social Contacts ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Negative Relation ◽  
Stereotyped Behaviours ◽  
Race Horses ◽  
And Training

AbstractThe aim of the present study was to identify relations between stereotyped behaviours (cribbing, weaving and box-walking) and wood-chewing in thoroughbred flat-racing horses (TB) and standardbred trotters and the different management, feeding and training factors to which these horses are exposed. This was obtained by inquiries to all the professional trainers of TB and trottinghorses used for racing in Sweden. The usable response rates were 61% for trotters and 72% for TB representing 4597 trotters from 234 stables and 644 TB from 38 stables. A small field study was carried out to control the validity of the main study which gave results similar to those in the main study. There was a large difference between the two horse categories in the occurrence of behavioural disturbances. The TB had significantly more stereotypies than the trotters (P < 0·001) but there were no differences in the occurrence of wood-chewing. There were several differences in external factors between the horse categories, e.g. trotters had more opportunities for social contacts with other horses, they also had more free time outside the stable and they were trained a shorter time per week than the TB. The TB were given larger amounts of concentrate than the trotters. Wood-chewing within each horse category was explained by the amount of roughage (P < 0·05 in trotters and P < 0·001 in TB) together with other factors. Stereotypies in the TB were explained by: amount of concentrate (positive relation), number of horses per trainer (positive relation) and amount of roughage (negative relation).

scholarly journals THE FUNCTIONALITY PROFILE OF CHILDREN WITH AUTISTIC SPECTRUM DISORDERS (ASD) IN THE AZORES – COMMUNICATION, LEARNING AND AUTONOMY

2020 ◽  
pp. 328-340
Author(s):  
Tânia Botelho ◽  
◽  
Ana Matos ◽  
Pilar Mota ◽  
Bárbara Romão ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Universal Design ◽  
Universal Design For Learning ◽  
Autistic Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Educational Approach ◽  
Autistic Spectrum ◽  
Children With Asd ◽  
Design For Learning ◽  
Stereotyped Behaviours ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Teachers And Parents

Autism is a disorder of the neuro-development characterized by persistent difficulties in communication, cognitive processes, social interaction and also by restrict interests and repetitive and stereotyped behaviours. Regarding to the vision of Universal Design for Learning(UDL), the educational approach should enhance not only the academic acquisitions but also the prognosis of the evolution of the clinical condition and of the functionality of children with Autistic Spectrum Disorders (ASD). Thus, it was considered important to know the perspective of educators / teachers and parents / guardians for the 121 children with ASD who participated in this study.These children, aged 3-11 years old, live in the Azores (ARA) and are enrolled in kindergarten and in primary schools.Data were collected with a questionnaire (educators/teachers) and in an interview (parents/caretakers). Results suggest that there are different perspectives between the two groups, with educators/teachers viewing the functionality profile of these children as being more aggravated. These differences are statistically significant, especially in terms of the functionalities assessed by the items of communication and learning. The analysis of these different perspectives evidences the importance of the communication between these educational providers regarding the work developed by them.

Examining the Relationship Between Heart Rate and Problem Behavior: A Case Study of Severe Skin Picking in Prader-Willi Syndrome

2013 ◽  
Vol 118 (6) ◽  
pp. 460-474 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott S. Hall ◽  
Jennifer L. Hammond ◽  
Kristin M. Hustyi
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Functional Analysis ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Automatic Reinforcement ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Prader Willi Syndrome ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Skin Picking ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Few studies have examined the relationship between heart rate and self-injurious behavior (SIB) shown by individuals with IDD (intellectual and developmental disabilities). In this single-case study, we simultaneously monitored heart rate and activity levels during a functional analysis of severe skin picking behavior exhibited by a young man with Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS). Results of the functional analysis indicated that the participant's skin picking was maintained by automatic reinforcement. A within-session analysis of the data indicated that skin picking bouts resulted in an increase in heart rate, suggesting a positive- automatic reinforcement function. These data indicate that inclusion of heart rate and activity-level monitoring during a functional analysis may provide important additional information concerning the determinants of SIB.

Autism spectrum disorder

2015 ◽  
pp. 139-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Brüne
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Mirror Neuron System ◽  
Mirror Neuron ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Insecure Attachment ◽  
Life History Strategies ◽  
Empirical Testing ◽  
Neuron System ◽  
Stereotyped Behaviours

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by social communication deficits, impaired social interaction, and restricted and stereotyped behaviours and interests. The typical onset is during early childhood. Behaviourally, people with ASD have difficulties in tolerating proximity. Insecure attachment is frequently observed. At the cognitive level, people with ASD have selective difficulties in mentalizing or ‘theory of mind’, possibly related to a dysfunctional mirror neuron system and alterations of the oxytocin system. Conversely, many with ASD (particularly those formerly diagnosed with Asperger’s syndrome) have superior technical skills. It has been hypothesized that the brains of individuals with ASD are skewed to maleness, possibly linked to genomic imprinting of paternal genes. The preservation of genes that predispose to ASD may have undergone sexual selection fostering ‘slow’ life-history strategies. None of the evolutionary hypotheses on ASD is conclusive so far, but open to empirical testing.

scholarly journals Profiles of stereotyped behaviour in people with combined sensory impairments and intellectual disabilities

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 168-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gitta de Vaan ◽  
Mathijs PJ Vervloed ◽  
Harry Knoors ◽  
Ludo Verhoeven
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Disabilities ◽  
Distinct Group ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Stereotyped Behaviour ◽  
Repetitive Behaviours ◽  
Video Recordings ◽  
Sensory Impairments ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Type Frequency ◽  
Stereotyped Behaviours

Stereotyped and repetitive behaviours are characteristics of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) but also occur in individuals with combined intellectual and sensory disabilities. This article looked at the differences in type, frequency, and duration of stereotyped behaviours between individuals with and without ASD in this population. The study included 59 individuals with intellectual disabilities and sensory impairments. The presence of ASD was assessed using Observation of Autism in people with Sensory and Intellectual Disabilities (OASID). Separate from these assessments, video recordings were scored by observers naive to the ASD status of participants for stereotyped and repetitive behaviours. Stereotyped and repetitive behaviours were more prevalent in participants with ASD, though a large proportion of participants without ASD showed them too. Participants with ASD showed, on average, more frequent and in duration longer stereotyped and repetitive behaviours, especially self-injurious behaviours. No differences were found for vocal, motoric, and stereotyped behaviours with objects. The mean duration of each episode of stereotyped behaviour did not differ between groups. Cluster analysis revealed a distinct group of individuals without ASD who showed a high number of stereotyped behaviours.

Reducing Public Masturbation in Individuals With ASD: An Assessment of Response Interruption Procedures

2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 429-448 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catia Cividini-Motta ◽  
Keira Moore ◽  
Lauren M. Fish ◽  
Jonathan C. Priehs ◽  
William H. Ahearn
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activities ◽  
Automatic Reinforcement ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Response Interruption And Redirection ◽  
Evaluation Phase ◽  
Adolescents With Autism ◽  
Neutral Tone ◽  
Response Interruption ◽  
Verbal Prompts

Individuals with autism may engage in sexual behavior at inappropriate times and/or in inappropriate places. The current study investigated the effects of response interruption and redirection (RIRD) and response interruption (RI) on public masturbation (PM) of children and adolescents with autism. Initial assessments showed that PM was maintained by automatic reinforcement. During the treatment evaluation phase, we compared RIRD and RI to determine whether either procedure was successful in decreasing the duration of PM. In the RIRD condition, contingent on the occurrence of any PM the participant completed physical activities involving both hands (e.g., moving chairs, touching toes). In the RI condition, the therapist interrupted all instances of PM using physical and verbal prompts (e.g., saying in a neutral tone, “Stop that” and moving hands away from genitals). Both procedures were effective in decreasing the duration of PM but RI required fewer resources and less time. Clinical implications and suggestions for future research are reviewed.

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