Reducing Public Masturbation in Individuals With ASD: An Assessment of Response Interruption Procedures

2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 429-448 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catia Cividini-Motta ◽  
Keira Moore ◽  
Lauren M. Fish ◽  
Jonathan C. Priehs ◽  
William H. Ahearn
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activities ◽  
Automatic Reinforcement ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Response Interruption And Redirection ◽  
Evaluation Phase ◽  
Adolescents With Autism ◽  
Neutral Tone ◽  
Response Interruption ◽  
Verbal Prompts

Individuals with autism may engage in sexual behavior at inappropriate times and/or in inappropriate places. The current study investigated the effects of response interruption and redirection (RIRD) and response interruption (RI) on public masturbation (PM) of children and adolescents with autism. Initial assessments showed that PM was maintained by automatic reinforcement. During the treatment evaluation phase, we compared RIRD and RI to determine whether either procedure was successful in decreasing the duration of PM. In the RIRD condition, contingent on the occurrence of any PM the participant completed physical activities involving both hands (e.g., moving chairs, touching toes). In the RI condition, the therapist interrupted all instances of PM using physical and verbal prompts (e.g., saying in a neutral tone, “Stop that” and moving hands away from genitals). Both procedures were effective in decreasing the duration of PM but RI required fewer resources and less time. Clinical implications and suggestions for future research are reviewed.

Evaluation of response interruption and redirection during school and community activities.

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 266-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimberly N. Sloman ◽  
Rebecca K. Schulman ◽  
Mariana Torres-Viso ◽  
Matthew L. Edelstein
Keyword(s):  
Community Activities ◽  
Response Interruption And Redirection ◽  
School And Community ◽  
Response Interruption

scholarly journals Recent Advances in Nanotechnology with Nano-Phytochemicals: Molecular Mechanisms and Clinical Implications in Cancer Progression

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
pp. 3571
Author(s):  
Bonglee Kim ◽  
Ji-Eon Park ◽  
Eunji Im ◽  
Yongmin Cho ◽  
Jinjoo Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Research Perspectives ◽  
Current Review ◽  
Gold Silver ◽  
Significant Efficacy ◽  
Rapid Clearance

Biocompatible nanoparticles (NPs) containing polymers, lipids (liposomes and micelles), dendrimers, ferritin, carbon nanotubes, quantum dots, ceramic, magnetic materials, and gold/silver have contributed to imaging diagnosis and targeted cancer therapy. However, only some NP drugs, including Doxil® (liposome-encapsulated doxorubicin), Abraxane® (albumin-bound paclitaxel), and Oncaspar® (PEG-Asparaginase), have emerged on the pharmaceutical market to date. By contrast, several phytochemicals that were found to be effective in cultured cancer cells and animal studies have not shown significant efficacy in humans due to poor bioavailability and absorption, rapid clearance, resistance, and toxicity. Research to overcome these drawbacks by using phytochemical NPs remains in the early stages of clinical translation. Thus, in the current review, we discuss the progress in nanotechnology, research milestones, the molecular mechanisms of phytochemicals encapsulated in NPs, and clinical implications. Several challenges that must be overcome and future research perspectives are also described.

scholarly journals Measuring attachment and parental bonding in psychosis and its clinical implications

2014 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 142-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Mathews ◽  
J. Onwumere ◽  
S. Bissoli ◽  
M. Ruggeri ◽  
E. Kuipers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attachment Theory ◽  
Attachment Style ◽  
Attachment Styles ◽  
Parental Bonding ◽  
Insecure Attachment ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Term Outcome ◽  
Long Term Outcome

Background.Attachment theory proposes that psychological functioning and affect regulations are influenced by the attachment we form with others. Early relationships with parents or caregivers lay the foundations for attachment styles. These styles are proposed to influence how we relate to others during our life can be modified by the relationships and events we experience in our lifespan. A secure attachment style is associated with a capacity to manage distress, comfort with autonomy and the ability to form relationships with others, whereas insecure attachment can lead to dysfunctional relationships, emotional and behaviour avoidance. Attachment theory provides a useful framework to inform our understanding of relationship difficulties in people with psychosis. This paper aims to complement recent systematic reviews by providing an overview of attachment theory, its application to psychosis, including an understanding of measurement issues and the clinical implications offered.Method.A narrative review was completed of the measures of attachment and parental bonding in psychosis. Its clinical implications are also discussed. The paper also explores the link between insecure attachment styles and illness course, social functioning and symptomatology. The following questions are addressed: What are the key attachment measures that have been used within the attachment and psychosis literature? What are the results of studies that have measured attachment or parental bonding in psychosis and what clinical implications can we derive from it? What are some of the key questions for future research from these findings in relation to the onset of psychosis research field?Results.The most commonly used measures of attachment in psychosis research are reviewed. Self-report questionnaires and semi-structured interviews have mainly been used to examine attachment styles in adult samples and in recent years comprise a measure specifically developed for a psychosis group. The review suggests that insecure attachment styles are common in psychosis samples. Key relationships were observed between insecure, avoidant and anxious attachment styles and psychosis development, expression and long-term outcome.Conclusions.Attachment theory can provide a useful framework to facilitate our understanding of interpersonal difficulties in psychosis that may predate its onset and impact on observed variability in outcomes, including treatment engagement. Greater attention should be given to the assessment of attachment needs and to the development of interventions that seek to compensate for these difficulties. However, further investigations are required on specifying the exact mechanisms by which specific attachment styles impact on the development of psychosis and its course.

scholarly journals Measuring Walkability with Street Connectivity and Physical Activity: A Case Study in Iran

World ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-61
Author(s):  
Pouya Molaei ◽  
Liyaning Tang ◽  
Mary Hardie
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
International Physical Activity Questionnaire ◽  
Physical Activities ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Street Connectivity ◽  
Walking Time ◽  
Activity Questionnaire

The walkability of urban areas is an important criterion related to the level of physical activity and public health of citizens. This research aims to measure this parameter in Golsar town located in Rasht, Iran. Two methods were used in this research: Street connectivity and International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). The principal variables of street connectivity were measured in four districts of Golsar by Geographic Information System (GIS) to rank each one. Then, the acquired results were compared by the average walking time of the respondents of the questionnaire. The comparison explicitly indicated that there is a strong positive correlation between the measures of street connectivity and people’s tendency to walk. As well, District 1 had the highest value of connectivity and the highest average time for walking amongst the four districts. This supports the contention that walkability and the level of outdoor physical activities of people in each district are undoubtedly under the influence of the variables of street connectivity. Nevertheless, the evaluation of other indexes such as proximity, land use mix, safety, and density in Golsar, in future research. can expand our perception of the walkability of this region.

Mechanisms of Change in Dialectical Behaviour Therapy

2017 ◽  
pp. 514-532
Author(s):  
Tali Boritz ◽  
Richard J. Zeifman ◽  
Shelley F. McMain
Keyword(s):  
Attentional Control ◽  
Research Evidence ◽  
Coping Skills ◽  
Mechanisms Of Change ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Adaptive Coping ◽  
Behaviour Therapy ◽  
Dialectical Behaviour Therapy ◽  
Client Change

Research on processes and mechanisms of change aim to explain how and why an intervention leads to change. Despite some theoretical and empirical progress in understanding processes and mechanisms of change in Dialectical Behaviour Therapy (DBT), this remains an understudied area in the DBT literature. This chapter considers how DBT conceptualizes the etiology and maintenance of dysfunction, and how active ingredients in DBT treatment produce client change. It proposes four key mechanisms of change that have been a focus of scientific efforts in DBT research: (1) increased awareness and acceptance of emotion; (2) increased attentional control; (3) increased ability to modulate emotion; and (4) increased use of adaptive coping skills. Next, it reviews the research evidence to support these putative mechanisms of change. Finally, it discusses clinical implications of this research, and propose recommendations for future research on mechanisms of change in DBT.

scholarly journals All Families Are Special: Experiences of Lesbian-Parented Families

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel T. Gall ◽  
Lia Softas-Nall ◽  
Kiersten M. Eberle
Keyword(s):  
Elementary School ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Lived Experiences ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Lesbian Couples ◽  
Dialectical Tension

This study explores the lived experiences of members of lesbian-parented families incorporating a systemic perspective to include both the voices of mothers and their young children. Eight whole-family interviews were conducted with lesbian couples with at least one child in elementary school (aged 5–11). Six themes emerged from the study: intentionality in finding places to live and travel, having children, and having discussions with their children; views of themselves as advocates and being “out” in their communities; noticing how times are changing; identifying assumptions as a two-way street; perceptions of gender surrounding parenting and the salience of various identities; and the dialectical tension between wanting to be perceived as normal and wanting to acknowledge their uniqueness. Clinical implications and suggestions for future research are discussed.

The Neuropsychology of Movement and Movement Disorders: Neuroanatomical and Cognitive Considerations

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 768-777 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen Y. Haaland ◽  
Richard P. Dum ◽  
Pratik K. Mutha ◽  
Peter L. Strick ◽  
Alexander I. Tröster
Keyword(s):  
Motor System ◽  
Movement Control ◽  
Neural Circuitry ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Hemispheric Differences ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
The Past ◽  
Cognitive Influences ◽  
Parallel Circuits

AbstractThis paper highlights major developments over the past two to three decades in the neuropsychology of movement and its disorders. We focus on studies in healthy individuals and patients, which have identified cognitive contributions to movement control and animal work that has delineated the neural circuitry that makes these interactions possible. We cover advances in three major areas: (1) the neuroanatomical aspects of the “motor” system with an emphasis on multiple parallel circuits that include cortical, corticostriate, and corticocerebellar connections; (2) behavioral paradigms that have enabled an appreciation of the cognitive influences on the preparation and execution of movement; and (3) hemispheric differences (exemplified by limb praxis, motor sequencing, and motor learning). Finally, we discuss the clinical implications of this work, and make suggestions for future research in this area. (JINS, 2017, 23, 768–777)

scholarly journals FURTHER EVALUATION OF RESPONSE INTERRUPTION AND REDIRECTION AS TREATMENT FOR STEREOTYPY

2011 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin N. Ahrens ◽  
Dorothea C. Lerman ◽  
Tiffany Kodak ◽  
April S. Worsdell ◽  
Courtney Keegan
Keyword(s):  
Response Interruption And Redirection ◽  
Response Interruption

Enhancing Life Skills of Children and Adolescents With Autism Spectrum Disorder and Intellectual Disabilities Through Technological Supports

2020 ◽  
pp. 41-62
Author(s):  
Fabrizio Stasolla ◽  
Anna Passaro
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Disabilities ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Communication Skills ◽  
Challenging Behavior ◽  
Emotional Regulation ◽  
Life Skills ◽  
Social Inclusion ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Adolescents With Autism

This chapter provides the reader with the newest empirical contributions available on the use of assistive technology-based interventions aimed at enhancing life skills of children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorders and developmental or intellectual disabilities. A selective overview along the last decade was carried out. Eighteen studies were reviewed, and 155 participants were involved. Five main categories of studies were identified, namely (1) emotional regulation, (2) communication skills, (3) academic performance, (4) social inclusion, and (5) challenging behavior. Results were fairly positive, although occasional failures occurred. Clinical, educational, psychological, and rehabilitative implications of the findings were critically discussed. Some useful guidelines for future research and practice were highlighted.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document