Distribution of the bridled form of the Common guillemot Uria aalge in the North Atlantic

2009 ◽  
Vol 202 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. R. Birkhead
Keyword(s):  
North Atlantic ◽  
Uria Aalge ◽  
Common Guillemot ◽  
The North ◽  
The Common ◽  
The North Atlantic

Morphological variation in genetically divergent populations of the common whelk, Buccinum undatum (Gastropoda: Buccinidae), across the North Atlantic

2019 ◽  
Vol 128 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hildur Magnúsdóttir ◽  
Snæbjörn Pálsson ◽  
Kristen Marie Westfall ◽  
Zophonías O Jónsson ◽  
Erla Björk Örnólfsdóttir
Keyword(s):  
North Atlantic ◽  
Morphological Variation ◽  
Isolation By Distance ◽  
Shell Morphology ◽  
Buccinum Undatum ◽  
The North ◽  
The Common ◽  
The North Atlantic ◽  
Eastern North Atlantic ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The variation in shelled marine gastropod morphology across small spatial scales can reflect restricted population connectivity, resulting in evolution or plastic responses to environmental heterogeneity. The common whelk, Buccinum undatum, is a subtidal gastropod, ubiquitous in the North Atlantic, that exhibits considerable spatial variation in shell morphology and colour. Given that species delimitation in shelled marine gastropods is often based on shell characteristics, such morphological variation can lead to taxonomic confusion. Phylogeographical analysis based on mitochondrial DNA and microsatellites suggested cryptic species composed of Western and Eastern North Atlantic common whelk populations, the separation of which dates to the onset of the Pleistocene glaciation ~2.1 Mya. Divergence within the Eastern North Atlantic is more recent and characterized by isolation by distance. In the present study, phenotypic variation in shell morphology across the North Atlantic range is analysed and compared with molecular divergence. The morphological variation of B. undatum populations reflected the pattern observed for the molecular markers only for certain comparisons of populations and might, in other cases, reflect larger constraints on the morphological variation and, possibly, the impact of environmental influences.

Eider husbandry in the North Atlantic: trends and prospects

Polar Record ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 19 (122) ◽  
pp. 447-459 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin W. Doughty
Keyword(s):  
North Atlantic ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Reproductive Potential ◽  
Somateria Mollissima ◽  
Marine Birds ◽  
Mutual Dependence ◽  
The North ◽  
Sea Birds ◽  
The Common ◽  
The North Atlantic

Mankind's relationships with animals consist mainly of preying on them or selecting and controlling useful traits through domestication. The tradition of manipulating populations to conserve animals is ancient. Old laws in western Europe restricted hunting to the upper classes, and regulations have governed the killing of mammals and birds for food. Inhabitants of Britain's remote St Kilda Island, for example, lived off sea birds for 150 years, taking into account the breeding requirements and reproductive potential of several species. Marine birds provide good examples of how different patterns of animal exploitation and conservation have become established. The utilization of one such bird the Common Eider Somateria mollissima demonstrates a rare mutual dependence between man and animal.

The Idea of a “Safety Belt”

1949 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 1001-1009
Author(s):  
Arnold Brecht
Keyword(s):  
North Atlantic ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
The Other ◽  
Concomitant Increase ◽  
The North ◽  
The Will ◽  
The Common ◽  
The North Atlantic ◽  
To Come ◽  
The Many

After the North Atlantic Treaty. The North Atlantic treaty, with its incorporation of the principle that attack on any one of the signatory powers will be considered an attack on all, has done more than any previous measure to strengthen the morale of Western Europe. No longer need any of the participating European countries, whether big or small, be afraid that it might be left alone in the hour of attack. Against that hour, if it should have to come, all will prepare in common.On the other hand, it is obvious that this firm expression of the “will to defend” has gravely accentuated the dividing line between East and West. More definitely than ever, outside of the two World Wars, Europe has now realigned herself in two antagonistic camps, both heavily armed. This fact will receive further emphasis in the process of implementing the treaty. Each one of the many particular measures that will now be taken to organize and strengthen the common defense, and the concomitant increase in expenditures for armament—much more noticeable in democracies with their public discussion of all military and budgetary issues than in the silent realms of dictatorial censorship—will have the effect of a showing of teeth and rattling of sabers.

North Atlantic Treaty Organization

1956 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 503-507
Keyword(s):  
North Atlantic ◽  
North Atlantic Treaty Organization ◽  
News Report ◽  
French Government ◽  
The North ◽  
The Common ◽  
The North Atlantic

The permanent representatives of the Council of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) met on March 27, 1956 in Paris, to consider the Algerian situation; the Council announced that it had been kept constantly informed of the with drawals by France of forces assigned by that country to NATO defense in Europe, and had examined the situation in Europe arising from these troop movements. After noting that France had found it necessary, in the interests of its own security, to reinforce the French forces in Algeria, which was part of the North Atlantic Treaty area, the Council stated that it recognized the importance to NATO of security in this area. After expressing hope for an early and lasting settlement, the Council noted the determination of the French government to restore, as soon as possible, its full contribution towards the common defense in Europe. According to a later news report, General Gruenther (Supreme Allied Commander Europe) declared that it might become necessary to seek other forces to replace those which France had transferred to Algeria; he felt that a re-evaluation of the allied position in Europe in the light of the Algerian situation might be started about the end of 1956 if the Algerian situation had not been stabilized by that time.

Data assimilation of oceanic proxies in the North Atlantic over the Common Era

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugues Goosse ◽  
Gaelle Gilson ◽  
François Klein ◽  
Guillaume Lenoir ◽  
Anne de Vernal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Assimilation ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
Climate Models ◽  
Climate Model ◽  
Online Data ◽  
Sea Ice Extent ◽  
The North ◽  
The Common ◽  
The North Atlantic ◽  
Common Era

<p>The mismatch between oceanic proxy data and climate model results over the past millennia has been a long-lasting challenge. Although both are valuable sources of paleoclimate information, there is a strong discrepancy in variance between models and proxies, so that they cannot be compared directly. In addition, local sea-surface temperature (SST) reconstructions are often inconsistent among proxy types. We first performed several offline data assimilation experiments with different standardized SST proxy datasets using the climate models LOVECLIM and CESM in order to investigate the effect of proxy selection on local and regional reconstructions over the Common Era (0-2000 CE). All experiments work technically at the local scale, but the spatial pattern of the reconstructions vary with the type(s), number and density of proxies, and, where there is no proxy, the choice of the model. We then developed empirical scaling factors based on independent SST observations to correct for the discrepancy between model and proxy amplitude. While it is essential to scale proxies, scaling the model leads to complications because of the biases in the sea ice extent. Data assimilation of scaled proxies results in coherent SST reconstructions at the scale of the North Atlantic, with timing and amplitude that are in agreement with those given by forced models. Finally, results are compared to online data assimilation experiments.</p>

The Currents of the North Atlantic

1892 ◽  
Vol 34 (872supp) ◽  
pp. 13940-13941
Author(s):  
Richard Beynon
Keyword(s):  
North Atlantic ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Atlantic
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