Psychomotor speed in hypertension: Effects of reaction time components, stimulus modality, and phase of the cardiac cycle

2007 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 459-468 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louisa Edwards ◽  
Christopher Ring ◽  
David McIntyre ◽  
Douglas Carroll ◽  
Una Martin
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Cardiac Cycle ◽  
Psychomotor Speed ◽  
Stimulus Modality

Cardiac Cycle Phase and Movement and Reaction Times

1976 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 767-770 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matti J. Saari ◽  
Bruce A. Pappas
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Cardiac Cycle ◽  
Visual Stimuli ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Reaction Time Task ◽  
Stimulus Presentation ◽  
Stimulus Onset ◽  
Cycle Phase ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Time Task

The EKG was recorded while Ss differentially responded to auditory or visual stimuli in a reaction time task. The EKG record was analyzed by dividing each R-R interval encompassing a stimulus presentation into 9 equal phases. Reaction times were determined as a function of the phase encompassing stimulus onset while movement times were determined for the phase in which the response was initiated. Only reaction time significantly varied with cardiac cycle, with reactions during the second phase being slower than later phases.

The Independent Effects of Attention and Lead Stimulus Properties on the Acoustic Blink Reflex

2003 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 124-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
David L. Neumann ◽  
Ottmar V. Lipp
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Reaction Time Task ◽  
Blink Reflex ◽  
Sensory Properties ◽  
Reflex Modulation ◽  
Stimulus Modality ◽  
Stimulus Properties ◽  
Free Interval ◽  
Independent Effects

Abstract The effects of attention to a lead stimulus and of its sensory properties on modulation of the acoustic blink reflex were investigated. Participants performed a reaction time task cued by an acoustic or a visual lead stimulus. In Experiment 1, half the participants were presented with sustained lead stimuli. For the remainder, the lead stimulus was discrete and consisted of two brief presentations that marked the onset and offset of a stimulus-free interval. In Experiment 2, sustained lead stimuli were presented at a low or high intensity. The attentional demands of the task enhanced blink latency and magnitude modulation during acoustic and visual lead stimuli, with blink modulation being largest at a late point during the lead stimulus. Independent of the attentional effects, blink latency and magnitude modulation were larger during sustained than during discrete acoustic lead stimuli, whereas there was no difference for visual lead stimuli. Increases in the intensity of the lead stimulus enhanced blink modulation regardless of lead stimulus modality. Attention to a lead stimulus and the properties of the lead stimulus appear to have independent effects on blink reflex modulation.

Phasic heart rate responses and cardiac cycle time in auditory choice reaction time

1983 ◽  
Vol 16 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 255-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.W. Van Der Molen ◽  
R.J.M. Somsen ◽  
J.F. Orlebeke
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Choice Reaction Time ◽  
Cycle Time ◽  
Cardiac Cycle

scholarly journals Relationship between cardiac cycle and the timing of actions during action execution and observation

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. R. Palser ◽  
J. Glass ◽  
A. Fotopoulou ◽  
J. M. Kilner
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Cardiac Cycle ◽  
Healthy Adult ◽  
Action Observation ◽  
Single Subject ◽  
Interpersonal Coordination ◽  
Action Execution ◽  
Sequence Of Movements

AbstractPrevious research suggests that there may be a relationship between the timing of motor events and phases of the cardiac cycle. However, this relationship has thus far only been researched using simple isolated movements such as key-presses in reaction-time tasks and only in a single subject acting alone. Other research has shown both movement and cardiac coordination among interacting individuals. Here, we investigated how the cardiac cycle relates to ongoing self-paced movements in both action execution and observation using a novel dyadic paradigm. We recorded electrocardiography (ECG) in 26 healthy adult subjects who formed 19 dyads (7 comprised of two subjects and 12 subjects paired with an experimenter). Each dyad contained an action executioner and observer as they performed a self-paced sequence of movements. We demonstrated that heartbeats are timed to movements during both action execution and observation. Specifically, movements were less likely to culminate synchronously with the heartbeat, around the time of the R-peak of the ECG. The same pattern was observed for action observation, with the observers’ heartbeats occurring off-phase with movement culmination. These findings demonstrate that there is coordination between an action executioner’s cardiac cycle and the timing of their movements, and that the same relationship is mirrored in an observer. This suggests that previous findings of interpersonal coordination may be caused by the mirroring of a phasic relationship between movement and the heart.

The interplay of crossmodal attentional preparation and modality compatibility in cued task switching

2018 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 955-965 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edina Fintor ◽  
Denise N Stephan ◽  
Iring Koch
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Task Switching ◽  
Compatibility Effect ◽  
Stimulus Modality ◽  
Stimulus Interval ◽  
Switch Costs ◽  
Response Stimulus Interval ◽  
Response Stimulus ◽  
Modality Compatibility ◽  
Active Preparation

Two experiments examined the influence of preparation on modality compatibility effects in task switching. The term modality compatibility refers to the similarity between the stimulus modality and the modality of response-related sensory consequences. Previous research showed evidence for modality compatibility benefits in task switching when participants switched either between two modality compatible tasks (auditory-vocal and visual-manual) or between two modality incompatible tasks (auditory-manual and visual-vocal). In this study, we investigated the influence of active preparation on modality compatibility effects in task switching. To this end, in Experiment 1, we introduced unimodal modality cues, whereas in Experiment 2, bimodal abstract cues were used. In both experiments, the cue-stimulus interval (CSI) was manipulated while holding the response-stimulus interval (RSI) constant. In both experiments, we found not only decreased switch costs with long CSI but also the elimination of the residual switch costs. More importantly, this preparation effect did not modulate the modality compatibility effect in task switching. To account for this data pattern, we assume that cue-based preparation of switches by modality mappings was highly effective and produced no residual reaction time (RT) costs with long CSI.

Detection of cognitive impairment by choice auditory reaction time (ART) and visual reaction time (VRT) s during acute mental stress in young hypertensives: A case control study.

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vitthal Khode ◽  
Satish Patil ◽  
Girish Babu ◽  
Komal Ruikar ◽  
Sakshi Patel
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Mental Stress ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Psychomotor Speed ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Visual Reaction ◽  
Auditory Reaction Time ◽  
Control Study

Background: Acute stress is known to be associated with both negative and positive influences on cognitive performance. Hypertension is one of the risk factors for lowered cognitive performance. Mental stress testing is easier to administer and can be regulated by the investigator. Mental arithmetic, using serial subtraction, is the most widely used method to administer stress. Reaction time (RT) is widely used to assess cognitive domains like attention, execution, and psychomotor speed. Researchers have shown that choice reaction times are delayed in hypertension. It is not known whether acute mental stress improves or deteriorates attention, execution, and psychomotor speed in hypertension. We hypothesized in the present study that acute mental stress deteriorates cognitive function in hypertensives without overt cerebro-vascular disease or other vascular risk factors. Method: After getting medical ethical clearance from our institution, this case-control study was carried out over eight months (January 2017 to September 2017). 60 subjects between the age group of 35 to 55 years were included in the study. They were divided into 2 groups. Group 1 consisted of 30 diagnosed cases of hypertension with at least two years of duration. Group 2 consisted of 30 sex and age-matched controls. MMSE was performed to assess the cognitive function in these groups. Simple (S) and choice (C) auditory reaction time (ART) and visual reaction time (VRT) were measured at rest and acute mental stress in these groups to assess cognitive function. The predictive value of VRTC resting and VRTC during acute mental stress among hypertensives for cognitive dysfunction was calculated by using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Results: There was a significant difference between ART and VRT, both simple and choice in hypertensive and non-hypertensive subjects, and these reaction times further increased during mental stress. (P<0.001). VCRT can be a predictor of cognitive dysfunction in hypertensives and during acute mental stress. Conclusion: A significant difference in cognitive functions in hypertensive and non-hypertensive subjects exists, and this further deteriorates with acute mental stress.

The Effect of Cardiac Cycle Phase on Reaction Time Among Individuals at Varying Risk for Hypertension

2006 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesse C. Stewart ◽  
Christopher R. France ◽  
Julie A. Suhr
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiac Cycle ◽  
Cycle Phase ◽  
Parental History ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Baroreceptor Stimulation ◽  
History Of

Abstract: Existing evidence suggests that baroreceptor stimulation may impair sensorimotor functioning. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the adverse effect of baroreceptor stimulation on sensorimotor functioning is more pronounced among individuals at increased risk for hypertension. A visual reaction time task was completed by 93 normotensive men and women at varying risk for hypertension, as defined by the combination of their resting systolic blood pressure and their parental history of hypertension. To correspond with natural fluctuations in baroreceptor stimulation across the cardiac cycle, stimuli were administered at one of 12 intervals after the occurrence of an electrocardiogram (ECG) R-wave (R + 50, 100, 150 . . . 600 ms). Reaction time to stimuli presented during the middle of the cardiac cycle, when baroreceptor stimulation is increased, was significantly slower than to stimuli presented earlier in the cycle, when baroreceptor stimulation is reduced. The influence of cardiac cycle phase on reaction time was similar among participants with high-normal, normal, or low-normal systolic blood pressure as well as among participants with a positive or negative parental history of hypertension. These findings suggest that baroreceptor stimulation impairs sensorimotor functioning in normotensive men and women; however, this effect is not more pronounced among individuals at increased risk for hypertension.

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