Detection of cognitive impairment by choice auditory reaction time (ART) and visual reaction time (VRT) s during acute mental stress in young hypertensives: A case control study.

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vitthal Khode ◽  
Satish Patil ◽  
Girish Babu ◽  
Komal Ruikar ◽  
Sakshi Patel
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Mental Stress ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Psychomotor Speed ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Visual Reaction ◽  
Auditory Reaction Time ◽  
Control Study

Background: Acute stress is known to be associated with both negative and positive influences on cognitive performance. Hypertension is one of the risk factors for lowered cognitive performance. Mental stress testing is easier to administer and can be regulated by the investigator. Mental arithmetic, using serial subtraction, is the most widely used method to administer stress. Reaction time (RT) is widely used to assess cognitive domains like attention, execution, and psychomotor speed. Researchers have shown that choice reaction times are delayed in hypertension. It is not known whether acute mental stress improves or deteriorates attention, execution, and psychomotor speed in hypertension. We hypothesized in the present study that acute mental stress deteriorates cognitive function in hypertensives without overt cerebro-vascular disease or other vascular risk factors. Method: After getting medical ethical clearance from our institution, this case-control study was carried out over eight months (January 2017 to September 2017). 60 subjects between the age group of 35 to 55 years were included in the study. They were divided into 2 groups. Group 1 consisted of 30 diagnosed cases of hypertension with at least two years of duration. Group 2 consisted of 30 sex and age-matched controls. MMSE was performed to assess the cognitive function in these groups. Simple (S) and choice (C) auditory reaction time (ART) and visual reaction time (VRT) were measured at rest and acute mental stress in these groups to assess cognitive function. The predictive value of VRTC resting and VRTC during acute mental stress among hypertensives for cognitive dysfunction was calculated by using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Results: There was a significant difference between ART and VRT, both simple and choice in hypertensive and non-hypertensive subjects, and these reaction times further increased during mental stress. (P<0.001). VCRT can be a predictor of cognitive dysfunction in hypertensives and during acute mental stress. Conclusion: A significant difference in cognitive functions in hypertensive and non-hypertensive subjects exists, and this further deteriorates with acute mental stress.

Effect of Bhramari pranayama practice on simple reaction time in healthy adolescents – a randomized control trial

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maheshkumar Kuppusamy ◽  
Dilara Kamaldeen ◽  
Ravishankar Pitani ◽  
Julius Amaldas ◽  
Padmavathi Ramasamy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Simple Reaction Time ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Visual Reaction Time ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Visual Reaction ◽  
Auditory Reaction Time ◽  
Randomized Control ◽  
Apparently Healthy

AbstractObjectivesThe improvement in the/reaction time is important, as it is an indicator of cognitive function. Therefore, there is a need, especially for adolescents in the form of techniques or courses that can improve the reaction time. Yoga was found to cause a better improvement in the health of the individuals. The present study intended to show the effects of Bhramari pranayama (Bhr.P) on reaction time in the healthy adolescents.MethodsOf the 730 potential subjects screened, 520 apparently healthy adolescents randomly assigned to either the Bhr.P group (n-260) or control group (n-260). Bhr.P group practiced the bhramari pranayama for 3 days in a week for 6 months. The Auditory Reaction Time (ART) and the Visual Reaction Time (VRT) were assessed before and after Bhr.P pranayama practice.ResultsBhr.P group shows significant shortening of response time in both VRT (from 267.13 ± 52.65 to 249.87 ± 39.41 ms) and ART (from 237.42 ± 48.12 to 227.91 ± 34.60 ms) after 6 months of Bhr.P practice. In control group subjects, no such significant changes were found (p > 0.05).ConclusionsShortening of RT implies an improvement in the information processing and reflexes. This beneficial effect of Bhr.P on reaction time can be used for improving cognitive function in the adolescents for their academic performances.

scholarly journals Psychomotor function in children with epilepsy seen at a tertiary hospital in southern Nigeria: does treatment with anti-epileptic drugs have any effect?

2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Ehiabhi Ikhurionan ◽  
Olusola Peter Okunola ◽  
Blessing Imuetinyan Abhulimhen-Iyoha ◽  
Gabriel Egberue Ofovwe
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Psychomotor Performance ◽  
Idiopathic Epilepsy ◽  
Fine Motor ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Psychomotor Function ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Visual Reaction ◽  
Auditory Reaction Time ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Psychomotor slowing is more commonly reported in children with epilepsy (CWE) compared to healthy controls. The effect of anti-epileptic drug (AED) treatment on psychomotor abilities of CWE remains controversial. In Nigeria, psychomotor abilities of CWE are scarcely investigated and the impact of AEDs is not known. The present study sought to assess psychomotor performance of CWE compared to healthy controls and to determine any association with seizure characteristics and treatment. Method A comparative cross-sectional study involving 160 children with idiopathic epilepsy and 80 controls aged 6–16 years. Psychomotor function was assessed using reaction times and tapping task of the Iron psychology computerised test battery. The criterion for impairment was fixed at two standard deviations (SD) worse than the mean of age-matched controls. The relationship between seizure variables and psychomotor function was assess with the one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Result Fifty-nine (36.9%) CWE had impaired auditory reaction, 50 (31.3%) with impaired visual reaction and 11 (6.9%) had fine motor control impairment. There was no significant difference in psychomotor performance between CWE on AED and the newly diagnosed counterparts yet to start AED treatment (auditory reaction time—p = 0.226; visual reaction time—p = 0.349; tapping task—p = 0.818). AED treatment duration over 5 years was associated with better auditory reaction time (F = 4.631, p = 0.034) in CWE. Also, seizure onset before 5 years of age was associated with slower auditory reaction (F = 4.912, p = 0.028) and verbal reaction (F = 14.560, p < 0.001). Conclusion Nigerian CWE perform less favourably on tests of psychomotor function than healthy controls. The performance of children on AED is not significantly different from those not on AED. Longer duration of AED treatment may result in psychomotor improvement in CWE. CWE should be closely monitored for psychomotor slowness so that deficits can be identified and appropriate interventions instituted.

Simple Auditory Reaction Time in Blind and Sighted Adolescents

1979 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 465-466 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Bernard
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Auditory Stimulus ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Rest Period ◽  
Chronological Age ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Auditory Reaction Time ◽  
Age And Sex

This study compared simple auditory reaction times of 20 subjects aged between 11 and 15 yr. ( M = 13), 10 born-blind from the Louis Braille Institut (Montréal) and 10 normal sighted subjects of the same age and sex. Their task was to press a telegraph key as fast as possible after presentation of an auditory stimulus. Each subject executed five blocks of 10 trials; the blocks were separated by a rest period of 1 min. The results showed no significant difference ( p > .05) between born-blind and sighted people of the same sex and chronological age in regard to simple auditory reaction time.

scholarly journals A Cross Sectional Study - Effect of Postural Changes on Choice Reaction Time with Reference to Body Mass Index in Medical Students

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (13) ◽  
pp. 740-744
Author(s):  
Anita Gaule ◽  
Gourav Bhattad ◽  
Aditi Sood
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Visual Reaction ◽  
Auditory Reaction Time ◽  
Moderate Negative Correlation

BACKGROUND Reaction time (RT) is a simple, non-invasive means of estimating sensorimotor coordination and monitoring performance of an individual. The effect of body mass index (BMI) on RT, suggests that underweight, overweight and obese have increased RT as compared to normal BMI individuals. We wanted to compare the effects of supine, sitting and standing postures on RT and determine the influence of BMI on the same. METHODS An observational cross-sectional study was carried out over 2 months in the Department of Physiology on 60 medical students (30 males and 30 females). Visual and auditory choice reaction times of subjects were measured in supine, sitting and standing postures for green, red and yellow colours and high, medium and low frequency sounds. RESULTS In sitting posture, significant and moderate negative correlation was observed between BMI and visual reaction time (VRT) while the correlation between auditory reaction time (ART) and BMI was weak negative but non-significant. In standing posture, non-significant and weak negative correlation was observed between BMI and VRT, also the correlation between ART and BMI was weak negative but not significant. In supine posture, significant and moderate negative correlation was observed between BMI and ART while the correlation between VRT and BMI was weak negative but not significant. CONCLUSIONS When compared with normal BMI group, higher BMI subjects had longer visual as well as auditory reaction times. The difference was not found to be statistically significant though. A weak or moderate negative correlation between BMI and reaction time (r value < 0.4 in magnitude) was observed in three different postures. KEYWORDS Choice Reaction Time, Visual Reaction Time, Auditory Reaction Time, Posture, Body Mass Index

scholarly journals Effect of yogic relaxation technique on auditory and visual reaction times

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 1473
Author(s):  
Lopamudra Naik
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Relaxation Technique ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Visual Reaction Time ◽  
Visual Reaction ◽  
Auditory Reaction Time ◽  
To Receive

Background: Human beings receive various types of stimuli in day to day life and respond to them accordingly. The time taken to receive a stimulus, it's processing and giving a response is different for every individual at minute level, in milliseconds. This time interval is called reaction time. Various yogic practices are found to influence the Reaction Time of individuals. Aim of the work was to evaluate the immediate effect of deep relaxation technique on auditory and visual reaction time.Methods: Auditory and visual reaction times have been measured using simple reaction time tasks in Inquisit software (version 4.0.10.0). 115 healthy yoga students from SVYASA Yoga university, between the age group of 20 to 50 years were taken for the study. Pre and post measurements of auditory reaction time and visual reaction time was done.10 minutes of pre-recorded DRT was given as intervention and immediately after that reaction times were measured.Results: There was a significant decline in the ART and VRT observed in the Post DRT condition. Statistical analysis was carried out using JASP software.Conclusions: The significant decrease in Auditory and Visual Reaction Time shows that DRT helps to increase the awareness and attention of individuals. 

scholarly journals The Development a New Device to Measure of Audial and Visual Reaction Time in Hand and Foot (Validity and Reliability Study)

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 165
Author(s):  
Ozturk AGIRBAS ◽  
Eser AGGON ◽  
Recep OZ
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Repeated Measurements ◽  
T Test ◽  
Measurement Tool ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
New Device ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Visual Reaction ◽  
Hands And Feet

The determining the reaction time is a widely used as an indicator in sportive performance and field of exercise physiology. The purpose of this study is to develop a new reaction times device (NRTD) to determine both hand and foot visual and auditory reaction times, which is practical and economical. In the developed system to be obtained are kept in a database which is all necessary the intervals between stimuli for the reaction variable and all records. The system consists of software loaded on a computer and buttons specially prepared for hands and feet. The buttons are designed for precise measurement. The software of the program is written with Visual Basic program. The program can be recorded different features separately for each subject in the database except the reaction times. Also the system metrics can be presentedas a report to the user. While comparisons were made with the Newtest 1000 reaction device to determine the validity of the tool we developed, repeated measurements were made on the same group each week to determine its reliability. Measurements were carried out on 52 male students studying in Erzincan University's School of Physical Education and Sports. The resulting data were examined in SPSS 22.0 statistical package program for Windows. Independent Student T-test was used to compare two devices; Paired Sample T-test was used to compare repeated measurements of NRTD. No significant difference was detected statistically between neither right nor left-hand visual reaction times conducted with the device we have developed and Newtest 1000, or the repeated measurement results which were conducted each week with NRTD. It was concluded that NRTD is valid and reliable to measure reaction time and is an ideal measurement tool to measure both hand and foot reaction times.

Whole Body Choice Reaction Time (WBCRT-C1) to Detect Cognitive Impairment in Patients with Depressive Disorder (DD): A Case-Control Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vitthal Khode ◽  
Girish Babu ◽  
Arun Gadad ◽  
Satish Patil ◽  
Komal Ruikar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Choice Reaction Time ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Cognitive Testing ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Central Processing ◽  
Control Study

Background: Depressive disorder (DD) is a state of multiple neuro-psychological deficits. cognitive testing has proven beneficial in guiding treatment of depression. Since these neuro-cognitive testings require great deal of time and skill, measuring Reaction time (RT) can prove an alternative method of measure of cognition. RT is a sensitive tool to measure attention and execution. In our study whole body choice reaction time (WBCRT) is divided in to 2 chronoscopic readings WBCRT-C1and WBCRT-C2. WBCRT-C1 measures time required for central processing in the central nervous system which includes cognition and WBCRT-C2 measures total RT includes central processing and peripheral processing. Objectives: Objective of the study was to measure and compare WBCRT-C1 in DD and controls, and to assess the correlation between WBCRT-C1 with MMSE and HAM-A score. Methods: Hospital based case-control study was conducted on total 68 young subjects, 34 subjects of DD aged between 18-45yrs their reaction times were compared with similar number of age and sex matched controls. Results: WBCRT-C1 was more delayed in patients of DD (807±245 ms) than in controls (579±99ms). A significant correlation was found between WBCRT-C1 and MMSE (r=-0.7371, p=0.0001), HAM-A scores (r=0.3395 p=0.0046). Conclusion: WBCRT-C1 could be a quantitative tool to assess cognitive dysfunction in DD.

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