Kinetics of the Hydrolysis of 8-Bromo-Cyclic GMP by the Light-Activated Phosphodiesterase of Toad Rods

1988 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 839-846 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. E. Barkdoll ◽  
E. N. Pugh ◽  
A. Sitaramayya
Keyword(s):  
Cyclic Gmp ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

scholarly journals Physiological evidence that light-mediated decrease in cyclic GMP is an intermediary process in retinal rod transduction.

1982 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
W H Miller
Keyword(s):  
Cyclic Gmp ◽  
Initial Phase ◽  
Light Response ◽  
Receptor Potential ◽  
Rod Outer Segments ◽  
Retinal Rod ◽  
Biochemical Studies ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Retinal Rod Outer Segments

Brief, intracellularly injected pulses of cyclic GMP transiently depolarized toad retinal rod outer segments (ROS). The depolarization is antagonized by light, perhaps by the activation of phosphodiesterase (PDE), as shown in the biochemical studies of others. As measured by the antagonism of cyclic GMP pulses by light, PDE activity peaks after the peak of the receptor potential and has approximately the same recovery time as the membrane voltage after weak illumination, but recovers more slowly than the membrane potential after strong illumination, as sensitivity does in other preparations. A cyclic GMP pulse delivered just after the hyperpolarizing phase of the receptor potential tends to turn off the light response. The kinetics of recovery from this turnoff are similar to those of the initial phase of the receptor potential. This similarity suggests that the initial phase of the receptor potential is controlled by light-activated PDE. Both EGTA and saturating doses of cyclic GMP block the light response, but only cyclic GMP increases response latency, which suggests that if calcium is involved in transduction, it is controlled by the hydrolysis of cyclic GMP. After brief pulses of cyclic AMP, a new steady state of increased depolarization occasionally develops. The effects described above also occur under these conditions. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that light-activated hydrolysis of cGMP is an intermediary process in transduction.

Influence of medium on alkaline hydrolysis of succinic acid monomethyl and monopropyl esters

1980 ◽  
Vol 45 (11) ◽  
pp. 2873-2882
Author(s):  
Vladislav Holba ◽  
Ján Benko
Keyword(s):  
Succinic Acid ◽  
Kinetic Parameters ◽  
Alkaline Hydrolysis ◽  
Specific Interactions ◽  
Nonaqueous Media ◽  
The Media ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

The kinetics of alkaline hydrolysis of succinic acid monomethyl and monopropyl esters were studied in mixed aqueous-nonaqueous media at various temperatures and ionic strengths. The results of measurements are discussed in terms of electrostatic and specific interactions between the reactants and other components of the reaction mixture. The kinetic parameters in the media under study are related to the influence of the cosolvent on the solvation sphere of the reactants.

Belousov–Zhabotinskii type oscillation reaction with glycerol and kinetics of reactions between the system components

1987 ◽  
Vol 52 (10) ◽  
pp. 2375-2382 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ľubica Adamčíková ◽  
Peter Ševčík
Keyword(s):  
Oscillation System ◽  
Chemical Oscillations ◽  
Oscillation Reaction ◽  
Reaction Solution ◽  
System Components ◽  
Probable Source ◽  
Belousov Zhabotinskii Reaction ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Type Oscillation

Glycerol causes chemical oscillations in Belousov-Zhabotinskii reaction in a closed system as well as in a reaction solution bubbled with nitrogen. Since the oxidation of glycerol with bromate ions does not proceed autocatalytically and bromine in the oxidation state 0 or +1 in the absence of light does not react with glycerol, hydrolysis of bromine is the probable source of bromide ions in the studied oscillation system.

Kinetics of hydrolysis of peroxodisulphate ions in acidic medium to peroxomonosulphuric acid

1981 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 1229-1236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Balej ◽  
Milada Thumová
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Strength ◽  
Rate Constants ◽  
Acidic Medium ◽  
Measured Data ◽  
Molar Ratios ◽  
Starting Solution ◽  
Kinetics Of Hydrolysis ◽  
Rate Of Hydrolysis ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

The rate of hydrolysis of S2O82- ions in acidic medium to peroxomonosulphuric acid was measured at 20 and 30 °C. The composition of the starting solution corresponded to the anolyte flowing out from an electrolyser for production of this acid or its ammonium salt at various degrees of conversion and starting molar ratios of sulphuric acid to ammonium sulphate. The measured data served to calculate the rate constants at both temperatures on the basis of the earlier proposed mechanism of the hydrolysis, and their dependence on the ionic strength was studied.

Cyclization and acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of O-benzoylbenzamidoximes

1986 ◽  
Vol 51 (12) ◽  
pp. 2786-2797
Author(s):  
František Grambal ◽  
Jan Lasovský
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Rate ◽  
Kinetic Isotope ◽  
Acid Base Equilibrium ◽  
Mineral Acids ◽  
Kinetics Of Formation ◽  
Acid Catalyzed ◽  
Ph Scale ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Derivatives Of

Kinetics of formation of 1,2,4-oxadiazoles from 24 substitution derivatives of O-benzoylbenzamidoxime have been studied in sulphuric acid and aqueous ethanol media. It has been found that this medium requires introduction of the Hammett H0 function instead of the pH scale beginning as low as from 0.1% solutions of mineral acids. Effects of the acid concentration, ionic strength, and temperature on the reaction rate and on the kinetic isotope effect have been followed. From these dependences and from polar effects of substituents it was concluded that along with the cyclization to 1,2,4-oxadiazoles there proceeds hydrolysis to benzamidoxime and benzoic acid. The reaction is thermodynamically controlled by the acid-base equilibrium of the O-benzylated benzamidoximes.

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