Brain Gray and White Matter Volume Loss Accelerates with Aging in Chronic Alcoholics: A Quantitative MRI Study

AbstractBackgroundAtrial fibrillation (AF) and brain volume loss are prevalent in older individuals. Further study investigating the causal effect of AF on brain volume is warranted.MethodsThis study was a Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis. The genetic instrument for AF was constructed from a previous genome-wide association study (GWAS) meta-analysis and included 537,409 individuals of European ancestry. The outcome summary statistics for quantile-normalized white or grey matter volume measured by magnetic resonance imaging were provided by the previous GWAS of 8426 white British UK Biobank participants. The main MR method was the inverse variance weighted method, supported by sensitivity MR analysis including MR-Egger regression and the weighted median method. The causal estimates from AF to white or grey matter volume were further adjusted for effects of any stroke or ischemic stroke by multivariable MR analysis.ResultsA higher genetic predisposition for AF (one standard deviation increase) was significantly associated with lower white matter volume [beta −0.128 (−0.208, −0.048)] but not grey matter volume [beta −0.041 (−0.101, 0.018)], supported by all utilized sensitivity MR analyses. The multivariable MR analysis indicated that AF is causally linked to lower white matter volume independent of the stroke effect.ConclusionsAF is a causative factor for white matter volume loss. The effect of AF on grey matter volume was inapparent in this study. A future trial is necessary to confirm whether appropriate AF management can be helpful in preventing cerebral white matter volume loss or related brain disorders in AF patients.

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The Neuropathology of MIRAGE Syndrome

Journal of Neuropathology & Experimental Neurology ◽

10.1093/jnen/nlaa009 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 79 (4) ◽

pp. 458-462 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Angela N Viaene ◽

Brian N Harding

Keyword(s):

White Matter ◽

Granule Neurons ◽

Cerebellar Hypoplasia ◽

Volume Loss ◽

White Matter Volume ◽

Multisystem Disorder ◽

Sterile Alpha Motif Domain ◽

Common Features ◽

Matter Volume ◽

Adrenal Hypoplasia

Abstract MIRAGE syndrome is a multisystem disorder characterized by myelodysplasia, infections, restriction of growth, adrenal hypoplasia, genital phenotypes, and enteropathy. Mutations in the sterile alpha motif domain containing 9 (SAMD9) gene which encodes a protein involved in growth factor signal transduction are thought to cause MIRAGE syndrome. SAMD9 mutations lead to an antiproliferative effect resulting in a multisystem growth restriction disorder. Though rare, a few patients with SAMD9 mutations were reported to have hydrocephalus and/or cerebellar hypoplasia on imaging. The neuropathologic features of MIRAGE syndrome have not been previously described. Here, we describe the postmortem neuropathologic examinations of 2 patients with a clinical diagnosis of MIRAGE syndrome and confirmed SAMD9 mutations. Common features included microcephaly, hydrocephalus, white matter abnormalities, and perivascular calcifications. One of the 2 cases showed marked cerebellar hypoplasia with loss of Purkinje and granule neurons as well as multifocal polymicrogyria and severe white matter volume loss; similar findings were not observed in the second patient. These cases demonstrate the variation in neuropathologic findings in patients with MIRAGE syndrome. Interestingly, the findings are similar to those reported in ataxia-pancytopenia syndrome caused by mutations in SAMD9L, a paralogue of SAMD9.

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Spinal Cord Atrophy in Multiple Sclerosis Caused by White Matter Volume Loss

Archives of Neurology ◽

10.1001/archneur.62.12.1859 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 62 (12) ◽

pp. 1859 ◽

Cited By ~ 37

Author(s):

Christopher P. Gilmore ◽

Gabriele C. DeLuca ◽

Lars Bö ◽

Trudy Owens ◽

James Lowe ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Multiple Sclerosis ◽

Spinal Cord ◽

White Matter ◽

Volume Loss ◽

White Matter Volume ◽

Spinal Cord Atrophy ◽

Matter Volume

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[P4-367]: DIETARY FAT COMPOSITION CORRELATES WITH VERBAL MEMORY AND FRONTAL GREY AND WHITE MATTER VOLUME IN HEALTHY INDIVIDUALS: AN MRI STUDY

Alzheimer s & Dementia ◽

10.1016/j.jalz.2017.06.2238 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 13 (7S_Part_29) ◽

pp. P1432-P1432

Author(s):

Tarik Karakaya ◽

David Prvulovic ◽

Nina Mohadjer ◽

Fabian Fusser ◽

Juliane Miller ◽

...

Keyword(s):

White Matter ◽

Dietary Fat ◽

Verbal Memory ◽

Healthy Individuals ◽

White Matter Volume ◽

Matter Volume ◽

Fat Composition ◽

Mri Study

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Brain volume reductions in medication-naive patients with schizophrenia in relation to intelligence quotient

Psychological Medicine ◽

10.1017/s0033291712000098 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 42 (9) ◽

pp. 1847-1856 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

M. Rais ◽

W. Cahn ◽

H. G. Schnack ◽

H. E. Hulshoff Pol ◽

R. S. Kahn ◽

...

Keyword(s):

White Matter ◽

Healthy Subjects ◽

Intelligence Quotient ◽

Brain Volume ◽

First Episode ◽

Volume Loss ◽

White Matter Volume ◽

Matter Volume ◽

Brain Volume Loss ◽

First Episode Schizophrenia

BackgroundGlobal brain abnormalities such as brain volume loss and grey- and white-matter deficits are consistently reported in first-episode schizophrenia patients and may already be detectable in the very early stages of the illness. Whether these changes are dependent on medication use or related to intelligence quotient (IQ) is still debated.MethodMagnetic resonance imaging scans were obtained for 20 medication-naive patients with first-episode schizophrenia and 26 matched healthy subjects. Volume measures of total brain grey and white matter, third and lateral ventricles and cortical thickness/surface were obtained. Differences between the groups were investigated, taking into account the effect of intelligence.ResultsMedication-naive patients showed statistically significant reductions in whole-brain volume and cerebral grey- and white-matter volume together with lateral ventricle enlargement compared to healthy subjects. IQ was significantly lower in patients compared to controls and was positively associated with brain and white-matter volume in the whole group. No significant differences in cortical thickness were found between the groups but medication-naive patients had a significantly smaller surface in the left superior temporal pole, Heschl's gyrus and insula compared to controls.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that brain volume loss is present at illness onset, and can be explained by the reduced surface of the temporal and insular cortex. These abnormalities are not related to medication, but IQ.

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