Tissue response to an experimental calcium hydroxide-based endodontic sealer: a quantitative study in subcutaneous connective tissue of the rat

This study was evaluated the response of subcutaneous connective tissue of isogenic mice to calcium hydroxide-based pastes with chlorhexidine digluconate (CHX). Seventy isogenic male BALB/c mice aged 6-8 weeks and weighing 15-20 g were randomly assigned to 8 groups. The animals received polyethylene tube implants as follows: Groups I, II, and III (n=10) - Calen® paste mixed with 0.4% CHX (experimental paste; Calen/CHX) for 7, 21, and 63 days, respectively; Groups IV, V, and VI (n=10) - UltraCal™ paste mixed with 2% CHX (experimental paste supplied by Ultradent Products Inc.; Ultracal/CHX) for 7, 21, and 63 days, respectively; and Groups VII and VIII (n=5): empty tube for 7 and 21 days, respectively. At the end of the experimental periods, the implants were removed together with the surrounding tissues (skin and subcutaneous connective tissue). The biopsied tissues were subjected to routine processing for histological analysis. Using a descriptive analysis and a four-point (0-3) scoring system, the following criteria were considered for qualitative and quantitative analysis of the tissue around the implanted materials: collagen fiber formation, tissue thickness and inflammatory infiltrate. A quantitative analysis was performed by measuring the thickness (µm), area (µm²) and perimeter (µm) of the reactionary granulomatous tissue formed at the tube ends. Data were analyzed statistically by the Kruskal-Wallis test and Dunn's post-test (α=0.05). Calen/CHX showed biocompatibility with the subcutaneous and reactionary tissues, with areas of discrete fibrosis and normal conjunctive fibrous tissue, though without statistically significant difference (p>0.05) from the control groups. In Groups I to III, there was a predominance of score 1, while in Groups IV to VI scores 2 and 3 predominated for all analyzed parameters. UltraCal/CHX, on the other hand, induced the formation of an inflammatory infiltrate and abundant exudate, suggesting a persistent residual aggression from the material, even 63 days after implant placement. In conclusion, the Calen paste mixed with 0.4% CHX allowed an adequate tissue response, whereas the UltraCal paste mixed with 2% CHX showed unsatisfactory results.

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A Comparative Study of Biocompatibility in Rat Connective Tissue of a New Mineral Trioxide Compound (Theracal) versus MTA and a Bioactive G3 Glass

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm10122536 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (12) ◽

pp. 2536

Author(s):

Jesús Mena-Álvarez ◽

Cristina Rico-Romano ◽

Carlos Gutiérrez-Ortega ◽

Pablo Arias-Sanz ◽

Javier Castro-Urda

Keyword(s):

Connective Tissue ◽

Inflammatory Reaction ◽

Direct Contact ◽

Wistar Rats ◽

Tissue Response ◽

New Mineral ◽

Exact Test ◽

Dorsal Area ◽

Subcutaneous Connective Tissue ◽

Hematoxylin Eosin

The aim of this paper was to assess the differences in tissue response to implantation during 15, 30 and 45 days in the subcutaneous connective tissue of Wistar rats from three biomaterials: Angelus MTA®, Theracal LC®, and Angelus MTA® to which 25% bioglass G3 was added. Twenty-four Wistar rats were used, the materials were inserted into the rat’s dorsal area in silicone tubes 5 mm long by 1.5 mm diameter. Histological reaction was assessed at 15, 30, and 45 days after implantation. They were then stained with hematoxylin eosin and evaluated by two observers. Data were analyzed using Fisher’s exact test and Mann–Whitney’s U test was used to determine the association between variables. Angelus MTA induced the formation of dystrophic calcifications twice as much as Theracal LC (p < 0.05). The addition of G3 did not affect the greater or lesser occurrence of calcifications (p > 0.05). Theracal LC and MTA plus G3 caused an inflammatory reaction, which was chronic at 15 days and decreased in intensity, almost disappearing after 45 days. Theracal LC, as well as Angelus MTA plus G3, were well tolerated when implanted in the subcutaneous connective tissue of rat. Histologically, no inconvenience was found for the use by direct contact of Theracal LC, and the mixture of MTA with 25% bioactive glass G3, in the tissue of Wistar rats.

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Tissue Response after Subcutaneous Implantation of Different Glass Ionomer-Based Cements

Brazilian Dental Journal ◽

10.1590/0103-6440201902619 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 30 (6) ◽

pp. 599-606

Author(s):

Carolina Maschietto Pucinelli ◽

Raquel Assed Bezerra da Silva ◽

Luã Lopes Borges ◽

Alberto Tadeu do Nascimento Borges ◽

Paulo Nelson-Filho ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Connective Tissue ◽

Inflammatory Infiltrate ◽

Collagen Fiber ◽

Fiber Formation ◽

Tissue Response ◽

Control Group ◽

Advanced Stage ◽

Glass Ionomer ◽

Granulomatous Tissue ◽

Subcutaneous Connective Tissue

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the subcutaneous connective tissue response of isogenic mice after implantation of different glass ionomer-based cements (EQUIA® Forte Fil, EQUIA® Fil and Ketac™ Universal Aplicap™). Eighty-seven isogenic BALB/c mice were allocated in 12 groups, 9 were considered as experimental groups (Ketac, E. Fil and E. Forte at 7, 21 and 63 days) and 3 controls (empty polyethylene tubes at 7, 21 and 63 days). After the experimental periods, the subcutaneous connective tissue surrounding the implanted material was removed and subjected to histotechnical processing and staining with hematoxylin and eosin. A histopathological description of the tissue reaction surrounding each material and a semi-quantitative analysis of collagen fiber formation and inflammatory infiltrate were performed. Additionally, the thickness of the granulomatous tissue in contact with each material was measured. Data were analyzed statistically (α=0.05) by the Kruskal-Wallis test, followed by Dunn post-test. Initially, the collagen fiber formation was not different among all the tested materials (p>0.05) but was different at 21 days with the control group presenting the most advanced stage of collagen fiber formation. At 63 days, EQUIA® Forte Fil group showed the most advanced stage of collagen fiber formation, compared to EQUIA® Fil group (p<0.05). The inflammatory infiltrate was not different among the tested materials in any experimental period (p>0.05). The thickness of the granulomatous tissue was greater in the E. Forte group, compared to control in all periods. All glass ionomer-based cements showed tissue compatibility, according to the evaluated parameters.

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Tissue toxicity of root canal sealers

Stomatoloski glasnik Srbije ◽

10.2298/sgs0403136v ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 51 (3) ◽

pp. 136-141 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Mirjana Vujaskovic ◽

Dragoljub Bacetic

Keyword(s):

Connective Tissue ◽

Root Canal ◽

Tissue Reaction ◽

Tissue Response ◽

Control Material ◽

Tissue Sections ◽

Subcutaneous Connective Tissue ◽

Tissue Reactions ◽

Root Canal Sealers ◽

Observation Period

The aim of this study was to evaluate tissue response to root canal sealers Tubuliseal and Sealapex. The sealers were freshly mixed and injected in the dorsal subcutaneous connective tissue of 12 Wistar rats.The observation periods were 7 days, 21days and 60 days. Four operative areas were formed ( 2 for test sealers, Tubliseal or Sealapex and 2 for control material) on each animal. Tissue sections were taken from selected sites. Each section included skin, subcutaneous connective tissue and underlying muscle tissue.All blocks were processed with the use of standardized histological procedures.The tissue reactions were studied under light microscopy. Different grades of tissue reaction to the tested materials were recorded as mild, moderate or severe inflammation. After seven days both root canal sealers showed severe inflammatory reaction of connective tissue in experimental animals.Tubuliseal caused prolonged moderate and mild inflammation. Sealapex caused mild inflammation which diminished at the end of the observation period. The results of this study demonstrated that Sealapex was better tolerated by tissue than Tubliseal.

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Subcutaneous connective tissue response to primary root canal filling materials

Brazilian Dental Journal ◽

10.1590/s0103-64402011000300005 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 22 (3) ◽

pp. 203-211 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Alexandra Mussolino de Queiroz ◽

Sada Assed ◽

Alberto Consolaro ◽

Paulo Nelson-Filho ◽

Mario Roberto Leonardo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Zinc Oxide ◽

Quantitative Analysis ◽

Connective Tissue ◽

Inflammatory Infiltrate ◽

Collagen Fiber ◽

Fiber Formation ◽

Tissue Response ◽

Filling Materials ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Subcutaneous Connective Tissue

This study evaluated the response of the subcutaneous connective tissue of BALB/c mice to root filling materials indicated for primary teeth: zinc oxide/eugenol cement (ZOE), Calen paste thickened with zinc oxide (Calen/ZO) and Sealapex sealer. The mice (n=102) received polyethylene tube implants with the materials, thereby forming 11 groups, as follows: I, II, III: Calen/ZO for 7, 21 and 63 days, respectively; IV, V, VI: Sealapex for 7, 21 and 63 days, respectively; VII, VIII, IX: ZOE for 7, 21 and 63 days, respectively; X and XI: empty tube for 7 and 21 days, respectively. The biopsied tissues were submitted to histological analysis (descriptive analysis and semi-quantitative analysis using a scoring system for collagen fiber formation, tissue thickness and inflammatory infiltrate). A quantitative analysis was performed by measuring the area and thickness of the granulomatous reactionary tissue (GRT). Data were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis, ANOVA and Tukey's post-hoc tests (?=0.05). There was no significant difference (p>0.05) among the materials with respect to collagen fiber formation or GRT thickness. However, Calen/ZO produced the least severe inflammatory infiltrate (p<0.05). The area of the GRT was significantly smaller (p<0.05) for Calen/ZO and Sealapex. In conclusion, Calen/ZO presented the best tissue reaction, followed by Sealapex and ZOE.

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