An fMRI study of face encoding and recognition in first-episode schizophrenia

2008 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 129-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anantha P. P. Anilkumar ◽  
Veena Kumari ◽  
Ravi Mehrotra ◽  
Ingrid Aasen ◽  
Martina T. Mitterschiffthaler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Face Recognition ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Chronic Schizophrenia ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Functional Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Social Situations ◽  
Fmri Study ◽  
On Line ◽  
First Episode Schizophrenia

Background:Schizophrenia has been associated with limited abilities to interact effectively in social situations. Face perception and ability to recognise familiar faces are critical for social interaction. Patients with chronic schizophrenia are known to show impaired face recognition. Studying first-episode (FE) patients allows the exclusion of confounding effects of chronicity, medication and institutionalisation in this deficit.Objective:To determine brain (dys)functions during a face encoding and recognition paradigm in FE schizophrenia.Methods:Thirteen antipsychotic-naïve FE schizophrenia patients and 13 age- and sex-matched healthy controls underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging during a face encoding and recognition paradigm. Behavioural responses were recorded on line.Results:Patients recognised significantly fewer of previously presented faces than the controls (p = 0.008). At the neural level, both groups activated a network of regions including the fusiform area, occipital, temporal and frontal regions. In brain activity, the two groups did not differ in any region during encoding or recognition conditions (p > 0.05, corrected or uncorrected).Conclusions:Our findings show impaired face recognition without a significant alteration of related brain activity in FE schizophrenia patients. It is possible that neural changes become more strongly evident with progression of the illness, and manifest themselves as behavioural impairments during the early course.

scholarly journals An fMRI Study of Local Synchronization in Different Subfrequency Bands during the Continuous Feedback of Finger Force

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hang Zhang ◽  
Zhong-Zhan Gao ◽  
Yu-Feng Zang
Keyword(s):  
Brain Activity ◽  
Resting State Fmri ◽  
Analytic Method ◽  
Finger Force ◽  
Functional Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Fmri Study ◽  
Neural Substrate ◽  
Continuous Feedback ◽  
Local Synchronization

Conventional functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies on motor feedback employ periodical blocked paradigm which does not allow frequency analysis of brain activity. Here, we carried out an fMRI study by using a continuous paradigm, that is, continuous (8 min) feedback of finger force. Borrowing an analytic method widely used in resting-state fMRI studies, that is, regional homogeneity (ReHo), we compared the local synchronization in some subfrequency bands between real and sham feedback, and the subbands were defined as Slow-6 (0.0–0.01 Hz), Slow-5 (0.01–0.027 Hz), Slow-4 (0.027–0.073 Hz), Slow-3 (0.073–0.198 Hz), and Slow-2 (0.198–0.25 Hz). Our results revealed that the five subfrequency bands of brain activity contributed to the changes of ReHo between real and sham feedback differently, and, more importantly, the changes in basal ganglia were only manifested in Slow-6, implicating the fact that ReHo in ultraslow band may be associated with the functional significance of BG, that is, motor control. These findings provide novel insights into the neural substrate underlying motor feedback, and properties of the ultraslow band of local synchronization deserve more attention in future explorations.

scholarly journals Functional magnetic resonance imaging correlates of memory encoding in relation to achieving remission in first-episode schizophrenia

2012 ◽  
Vol 200 (4) ◽  
pp. 300-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Bodnar ◽  
Amelie M. Achim ◽  
Ashok K. Malla ◽  
Ridha Joober ◽  
Audrey Benoit ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Clinical Outcome ◽  
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Memory Encoding ◽  
Functional Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Poor Clinical Outcome ◽  
First Episode Schizophrenia

BackgroundPrevious studies in schizophrenia have shown a strong relationship between memory deficits and a poor clinical outcome. However, no previous study has identified the functional neural correlates of memory encoding in relation to remission.AimsTo determine whether functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) activation patterns differed between individuals that later achieved remission v. those who did not.MethodForty-two participants with first-episode schizophrenia were divided into two groups after 1 year of treatment as per the 2005 remission in schizophrenia consensus definition. We then examined fMRI activation using three contrasts (associative v. item-oriented strategy, semantically unrelated v. related image pairs, and successful v. unsuccessful memory encoding) among 15 participants who had achieved remission (remitted group), 27 who had not (non-remitted group) and 31 healthy controls (control group).ResultsParticipants in the non-remitted group displayed a positive activation in the posterior cingulate compared with those in the remitted group when encoding related images; no significant differences between the two groups were identified for the other contrasts. From the behavioural data, compared with the remitted and control groups, the non-remitted group demonstrated an inability to encode related images and displayed worse recognition memory overall.ConclusionsThis is the first study to identify differential neural activation between individuals with first-episode schizophrenia that later achieved remission v. those who did not. The behavioural and functional results together add to the growing evidence relating a poor clinical outcome in schizophrenia to memory-related deficits.

scholarly journals Gender differences in brain activity generated by unpleasant word stimuli concerning body image: an fMRI study

2005 ◽  
Vol 186 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naoko Shirao ◽  
Yasumasa Okamoto ◽  
Tomoyuki Mantani ◽  
Yuri Okamoto ◽  
Shigeto Yamawaki
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Gender Differences ◽  
Body Image ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Decision Task ◽  
Functional Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Fmri Study ◽  
Prefrontal Region ◽  
Task Activation

BackgroundWe have previously reported that the temporomesial area, including the amygdala, is activated in women when processing unpleasant words concerning body image.AimsTo detect gender differences in brain activation during processing of these words.MethodFunctional magnetic resonance imaging was used to investigate 13 men and 13 women during an emotional decision task consisting of unpleasant words concerning body image and neutral words.ResultsThe left medial prefrontal cortex and hippocampus were activated only among men, and the left amygdala was activated only among women during the task; activation in the apical prefrontal region was significantly greater in men than in women.ConclusionsOur data suggest that the prefrontal region is responsible for the gender differences in the processing of words concerning body image, and may also be responsible for gender differences in susceptibility to eating disorders.

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