Metabolic and energy balance in small- and appropriate-for-gestational-age, very low-birth-weight infants

1994 ◽  
Vol 83 (s405) ◽  
pp. 54-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
J-C Picaud ◽  
G Putet ◽  
J Rigo ◽  
BL Salle ◽  
J Senterre
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Very Low Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight Infants ◽  
Appropriate For Gestational Age

scholarly journals Characteristics of Catch-Up Growth in Very Low Birth Weight Infants (<1500 g)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teodoro Durá-Travé ◽  
Isabel San Martín-García ◽  
Fidel Gallinas-Victoriano ◽  
María Malumbres-Chacón ◽  
Paula Moreno-González ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Small For Gestational Age ◽  
Very Low Birth Weight ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Low Birth Weight Infants ◽  
Normal Height ◽  
Appropriate For Gestational Age ◽  
Catch Up

Features of catch-up growth are not well established in very low birth weight infants (VLBW). The aim of this study is to analyze the catch-up growth in height and some factors associated in a cohort of VLBW (<1500 g) from birth to age 14 years. Retrospective registration of weight and height at birth and ages 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 and 14 years in a cohort of 170 VLBW have been recorded Anthropometric variables were compared with those from a control group. Sixty-nine (40.6%) were small for gestational age (SGA subgroup) and 101 (59.4%) were appropriate for gestational age (AGA subgroup). Thirty-seven (21.8%) were extremely low birth weight (ELBW), and 32 (18.8%) extremely preterm (EPT). At age 2, 4 and 10 years, 49.4%, 78.9% and 87.1% VLBW, respectively, did reach normal height. Between 4 and 10 years of age, only 8.2% of VLBW reached normal height. At 10 years of age, 7% of VLBW (1000–1500 g) and 35% of ELBW (<1500 g) showed short stature (p = 0.001). Almost the entire sample of VLBW with normal height at age 2, 4 and 10 have reached an adequate catch-up growth in weight in the previous evaluations. ELBW, SGA and EPT were found to be independent predictors for inadequate catch-up growth in height at 2, 4, and 10 years of age. The growth pattern of children born preterm has particular features: they have a lower rate and/or slowness in the catch-up growth in height with respect to that described in full-term small-for-gestational-age infants. Catch-up in weight appears to be a decisive factor for catch-up in height, and, on this basis, we recommend a rigorous nutritional follow-up in these individuals. If these measures do not help improve catch-up in height, they may be eligible for the establishment of rhGH therapy.

Nutrition and Growth Analysis of Very Low Birth Weight Infants

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 86 (3) ◽  
pp. 378-383
Author(s):  
Tanis R. Fenton ◽  
Douglas D. McMillan ◽  
Reg S. Sauve
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Neonatal Intensive Care ◽  
Very Low Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight Infants ◽  
Oral Nutrition ◽  
Growth And Nutrition ◽  
Audit Data ◽  
Appropriate For Gestational Age

The growth and nutrition of 220 very low birth weight infants were reviewed after comprehensive data on all infants in the hospital were entered into the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Audit Data Base for 2 years prospectively. Fluid and energy (parenteral and oral) intakes were compared in four birth weight categories (1, ı750 g; 2, 751 to 1000 g; 3, l001 to 1250 g; 4, 1251 to 1500 g). Parenteral nutrition was the major source of first nutrition for the small infants, but seldom did it alone provide adequate nutrition for very low birth weight infants. The age of the first nutrition (parenteral and/or oral nutrition other than dextrose) decreased with increasing birth weight. The age of the first oral feedings was later for the infants of the lower birth weights but enteral feeding became the major nutrition for all weight categories by the second week of life. During the first 50 days the infants accumulated a deficit of 3780 to 5460 kJ relative to their estimated need of 504 kJ/kg per day, with the smaller infants accumulating a significantly larger deficit. The growth of infants appropriate for gestational age and of infants small for gestational age differed from each other and from the commonly used graph of Dancis et al (J Pediatr. 1948;33:570-572).

New Postnatal Growth Grids for Very Low Birth Weight Infants

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 91 (5) ◽  
pp. 922-926
Author(s):  
Kelly Wright ◽  
Joan P. Dawson ◽  
Donna Fallis ◽  
Elanita Vogt ◽  
Vichien Lorch
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Very Low Birth Weight ◽  
Growth Curves ◽  
Postnatal Growth ◽  
Low Birth Weight Infants ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Appropriate For Gestational Age ◽  
Intensive Care Nursery

Objective. To generate contemporary postnatal growth curves for hospitalized very low birth weight infants. Design. Retrospective survey. Setting. Tertiary intensive care nursery. Patients. All surviving singleton, appropriate-for-gestational age infants with birth weight ≤1500 g, born January 1, 1987, to May 31, 1991, who did not develop necrotizing enterocolitis (N = 205). Measurements and results. Macronutrient intakes and body weights were recorded daily, with crown-heel length and occipital-frontal head circumference recorded weekly up to 105 days of age or hospital discharge, whichever occurred first. Growth curves were generated for four birth weight ranges: 501 through 750, 751 through 1000, 1001 through 1250, and 1251 through 1500 g. Compared to previously published growth curves, the current infants regained birth weight more quickly and exhibited larger average daily weight gains. These differences were most apparent in infants of lowest birth weight. Conclusions. The "premature growth grid" constructed by Dancis et al more than 40 years ago may no longer be a useful standard of early postnatal growth for present-day very low birth weight, appropriate-for-gestational-age infants. The new weight curves are a more accurate reflection of current in-hospital growth trends, especially for infants weighing ≤1000 g at birth.

Serum Thymic Hormone Activity and Cell-Mediated Immunity in Healthy Neonates, Preterm Infants, and Small-for-Gestational Age Infants

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 407-411
Author(s):  
R. K. Chandra
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Small For Gestational Age ◽  
Lymphocyte Stimulation ◽  
Cell Mediated Immunity ◽  
Low Birth Weight Infants ◽  
Thymic Hormone ◽  
Appropriate For Gestational Age

Groups of healthy, small-for-gestational age (SGA) and preterm appropriate-for-gestational age (AGA) infants were studied at birth, 1 month, 3 months, and 12 months of age. Serum thymic hormone (TH) activity was assayed, the number of T lymphocytes in the peripheral blood was counted, and in vitro lymphocyte stimulation responses to phytohemagglutinin (PHA) were evaluated. TH activity was decreased in 1-month-old SGA infants. T cells were reduced in all low birth weight infants; the number reverted to normal by 3 months of age in preterm AGA infants, whereas it remained low for at least 12 months in the SGA group. Lymphocyte stimulation response was decreased in low birth weight infants; the extent of depression paralleled reduction in T lymphocyte number. These observations indicate that cell-mediated immunity is impaired in low birth weight newborns and reduced TH activity may be one of the pathogenetic factors involved. Persistent depression of immunocompetence may underlie the increased susceptibility of SGA infants to infection-related morbidity and mortality.

Pre-discharge growth pattern of very low birth weight infants (VLBW): A 5 year single center experience

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
S.H. Elbeely ◽  
M.A. AlQurashi
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Growth Pattern ◽  
Very Low Birth Weight ◽  
Single Center ◽  
Low Birth Weight Infants ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Vlbw Infants ◽  
The Mean

BACKGROUND: Very low birth weight infants born prematurely are at greater risk for growth delays that lead to Ex-utero Growth Restriction (EUGR) during vulnerable periods of organ structural and functional development. There is considerable evidence that early growth failure has adverse effects on long term neurodevelopment in children which often persists into adulthood. METHODS: This is a single-center cross-sectional study on live newborn infants with birth weight ranges from 500 to 1500 grams (VLBW) and gestational age (GA) between 24–32 weeks who were admitted to NICU at KAMC-Jeddah over a 5 year period (2009–2013). This study aims to evaluate predischarge growth pattern of VLBW infants in terms of weight, head circumference (HC) and length and to identify important variables that have influenced such growth pattern. RESULTS: Of the 135 infants included in the final analysis, 68 (50.4%) were male and 67 (49.6%) were female and the mean gestational age was 28.83±2.064 weeks and the mean birth weight 1166.74±256 grams. Ninety-two infants (68%) had discharge weight at ≤10th percentile and forty four (32%) had their weight >10th percentile. HC was the lowest affected among the anthropometric measurements with 42% ≤10th percentile. In terms of linear growth, 62% had their length ≤10th percentile. Amongst infants born ≤750 grams, 71% and 70% had HC and height at ≤10th percentile respectively, at the time of discharge. BPD was significantly associated with EUGR (p = 0.026). CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates that almost 2/3rd of VLBW infants born at KAMC-Jeddah with birth weight ≤750 grams were discharged home with EUGR as demonstrated by their weight, length, and HC ≤10th percentile. BPD was found to be significantly associated with EUGR amongst post-natal factors influencing EUGR.

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