PRECISION OF TITRATION OF POLIOMYELITIS VIRUS INFECTIVITY IN TISSUE CULTURES

2009 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-46
Author(s):  
O. Lahelle
1954 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-125
Author(s):  
W. Wood ◽  
Eina M. Clark ◽  
F. T. Shimada ◽  
A. J. Rhodes

Studies on the basic immunology of poliomyelitis in Canadian Eskimos have been continued. Some 87 sera collected from Eskimos at Pangnirtung, Baffin Island, have been examined for the presence of Type 1 and Type 3 poliomyelitis antibody by quantitative tests in tissue cultures. The same sera were previously examined for Type 2 antibody by quantitative tests in mice. The results of the three determinations are now presented together for comparison. These sera came from Eskimos aged 2 to 72 years of age. None of the Eskimos showed any evidence of paralysis. Examination of the medical records did not suggest that any paralytic disease had been present in this part of Baffin Island. Very few of the sera showed the presence of poliomyelitis antibody; thus, Type 1 antibody was demonstrated in the sera of 8%, Type 2 antibody in the sera of 9%, and Type 3 antibody in the sera of 14%. No significant number of Eskimos below the age of 45 years had acquired poliomyelitis antibody. The antibody titers mostly ranged between 10−1.0 and 10−2.0, and were significantly lower than the titers customarily found in recently paralyzed cases. These findings suggest that poliomyelitis infection occurred in Pangnirtung Eskimos many years before the date on which the samples were taken (1951). These results point to the worldwide prevalence of the three types of poliomyelitis virus.


1954 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-125
Author(s):  
W. Wood ◽  
Eina M. Clark ◽  
F. T. Shimada ◽  
A. J. Rhodes

Studies on the basic immunology of poliomyelitis in Canadian Eskimos have been continued. Some 87 sera collected from Eskimos at Pangnirtung, Baffin Island, have been examined for the presence of Type 1 and Type 3 poliomyelitis antibody by quantitative tests in tissue cultures. The same sera were previously examined for Type 2 antibody by quantitative tests in mice. The results of the three determinations are now presented together for comparison. These sera came from Eskimos aged 2 to 72 years of age. None of the Eskimos showed any evidence of paralysis. Examination of the medical records did not suggest that any paralytic disease had been present in this part of Baffin Island. Very few of the sera showed the presence of poliomyelitis antibody; thus, Type 1 antibody was demonstrated in the sera of 8%, Type 2 antibody in the sera of 9%, and Type 3 antibody in the sera of 14%. No significant number of Eskimos below the age of 45 years had acquired poliomyelitis antibody. The antibody titers mostly ranged between 10−1.0 and 10−2.0, and were significantly lower than the titers customarily found in recently paralyzed cases. These findings suggest that poliomyelitis infection occurred in Pangnirtung Eskimos many years before the date on which the samples were taken (1951). These results point to the worldwide prevalence of the three types of poliomyelitis virus.


1958 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ernest Kovacs

Es wurden zwei verschiedene Thymo-nucleodepolymerasen viskosimetrisch in Gewebekultur nachgewiesen. Bei beiden Fermenten beobachteten wir eine Aktivitätsabnahme nach Infizierung der Gewebekultur mit Poliomyelitis-Virus. In gleicher Weise hemmt virushaltige Flüssigkeit aus Gewebekultur die Aktivität kristalliner DNA-se von Kalbspankreas und die Aktivität der DNA-sen im Affennieren-Homogenat. Die Fermenthemmung im Organbrei war am größten. Die Versuche zeigen, daß die Hemmwirkung in den 3 verschiedenen Systemen (infizierte Gewebekultur, kristallisierte DNA-se, ungereinigter Organextrakt) ähnlicher Natur sind. Sie scheint von spezifischen und allgemeinen Inhibitoren verursacht zu sein. Während des durch die Viren bedingten Zellzerfalles beobachteten wir eine geringe temporäre Zunahme der DNA-ase-Aktivität; dann folgte die irreversible Abnahme. Die theoretische Bedeutung der Befunde wurde besprochen.Two distinct thymonucleo-depolymerases were demonstrated in tissue cultures (TC), by viscosimetric techniques. An inhibition of their activity was found after virus inoculation and multiplication, in vitro. A similar depressive effect of virus-infected culture fluids was detected upon addition to crystalline DNA-ase of beef-pancreas or to crude enzymes of Rhesus kidney homogenate. The inhibition was more marked in the latter. These assays suggest that the analogous processes observed in the three different testsystems (infected cultivated cells, crystalline DNA-ase, unpurified tissueextract), are of similar nature. The decrease of DNA-ase activity seems to be caused by the presence of specific and general enzyme-inhibitors. During disintegration of the cells due to the cytopathogenic effect of the virus, a small, temporary rise of DNA-ase activities may be found, followed by irreversible loss of these nucleases. Theoretical bearings of the findings were discussed.


1948 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 282-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. S. Stulberg ◽  
E. A. Slater ◽  
H. P. Brumfield ◽  
H. O. Halvorson

1955 ◽  
Vol 101 (3) ◽  
pp. 331-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulrich Krech

The activation of poliomyelitis virus from a "neutral" virus-antibody mixture by the addition of non-infectious virus is described. The phenomenon was demonstrated in tissue cultures using both Petri dishes and roller tubes. The reaction was found to be type-specific and a relationship between antigen dilution and number of plaques counted was established. The relative potency of vaccine preparations determined in this system was found to be comparable to their relative potency in respect to protection-inducing activity in mice.


1954 ◽  
Vol 100 (3) ◽  
pp. 247-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nada Ledinko ◽  
Joseph L. Melnick

The inhibition of multiplication of one poliomyelitis virus by a poliomyelitis virus of another immunologic type has been established by using tissue cultures of monkey testes. The degree of interference varied from none, to partial, to complete, depending upon the time between inoculation of the interfering and the challenge viruses, and the amount of each virus inoculated. Reciprocal interference was demonstrated between Types 1, 2, and 3 poliomyelitis viruses. Under conditions which resulted in complete suppression of the growth of one poliomyelitis virus by another, interference by poliomyelitis virus with the multiplication of four antigenically distinct "orphan" viruses and of three antigenically related strains of Coxsackie virus could not be demonstrated. Poliomyelitis virus rendered non-infective by formalin or by irradiation with high energy electrons or with ultraviolet light, or treated so that only traces of residual active virus remained, failed to interfere with the propagation of active homologous virus.


1958 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 91-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ernest Kovacs ◽  
Christine Genest ◽  
Jos Kovacs

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