scholarly journals INTERFERENCE BETWEEN POLIOMYELITIS VIRUSES IN TISSUE CULTURE

1954 ◽  
Vol 100 (3) ◽  
pp. 247-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nada Ledinko ◽  
Joseph L. Melnick
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Ultraviolet Light ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Coxsackie Virus ◽  
Complete Suppression ◽  
Tissue Cultures ◽  
Poliomyelitis Virus ◽  
Active Virus ◽  
High Energy Electrons ◽  
Homologous Virus

The inhibition of multiplication of one poliomyelitis virus by a poliomyelitis virus of another immunologic type has been established by using tissue cultures of monkey testes. The degree of interference varied from none, to partial, to complete, depending upon the time between inoculation of the interfering and the challenge viruses, and the amount of each virus inoculated. Reciprocal interference was demonstrated between Types 1, 2, and 3 poliomyelitis viruses. Under conditions which resulted in complete suppression of the growth of one poliomyelitis virus by another, interference by poliomyelitis virus with the multiplication of four antigenically distinct "orphan" viruses and of three antigenically related strains of Coxsackie virus could not be demonstrated. Poliomyelitis virus rendered non-infective by formalin or by irradiation with high energy electrons or with ultraviolet light, or treated so that only traces of residual active virus remained, failed to interfere with the propagation of active homologous virus.

scholarly journals THE ANTIGENIC POTENCY OF NON-INFECTIOUS POLIOMYELITIS VIRUS AS DETERMINED BY ITS LIBERATING EFFECT ON ACTIVE VIRUS NEUTRALIZED BY IMMUNE SERUM

1955 ◽  
Vol 101 (3) ◽  
pp. 331-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulrich Krech
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Virus ◽  
Immune Serum ◽  
Relative Potency ◽  
Tissue Cultures ◽  
Virus Antibody ◽  
Poliomyelitis Virus ◽  
Active Virus ◽  
Petri Dishes ◽  
Antibody Mixture

The activation of poliomyelitis virus from a "neutral" virus-antibody mixture by the addition of non-infectious virus is described. The phenomenon was demonstrated in tissue cultures using both Petri dishes and roller tubes. The reaction was found to be type-specific and a relationship between antigen dilution and number of plaques counted was established. The relative potency of vaccine preparations determined in this system was found to be comparable to their relative potency in respect to protection-inducing activity in mice.

THE DEVELOPMENT OF INCLUSIONS IN TISSUE CULTURES OF MONKEY KIDNEY EPITHELIAL CELLS INFECTED WITH POLIOMYELITIS VIRUS

1956 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 298-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Beale ◽  
Patricia F. Stevens ◽  
Norma Davis ◽  
W. Stackiw ◽  
A. J. Rhodes
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Inclusion Bodies ◽  
Cytoplasmic Inclusion ◽  
Monkey Kidney ◽  
Tissue Cultures ◽  
Cytoplasmic Inclusions ◽  
Poliomyelitis Virus ◽  
Eosinophilic Inclusion ◽  
Cytoplasmic Inclusion Body

A cytoplasmic inclusion body has been found in the epithelial cells of monkey kidney grown in tissue culture and infected with poliomyelitis virus. This inclusion is at first closely applied to the nucleus, and later develops into a clearly demarcated structure. The nucleus is pushed to the periphery of the cell and becomes pyknotic. Finally, the cytoplasm around the inclusion becomes vacuolated, and the cell breaks up at about the time virus first appears in the fluid part of the infected tissue cultures. Multiple small intranuclear eosinophilic inclusion bodies have also been found in some cells that contain cytoplasmic inclusions.

scholarly journals City Water Can Contaminate Tissue Culture Stock Plants

HortScience ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 628-629 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janet E.A. Seabrook ◽  
Gerald Farrell
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Ultraviolet Light ◽  
Water Contamination ◽  
Solarium Tuberosum ◽  
Contamination Rate ◽  
Tissue Cultures ◽  
Light Water ◽  
Explant Cultures ◽  
City Water

Stock plants of `Shepody' and `Yukon Gold' potato (Solarium tuberosum L.) were grown in a greenhouse and irrigated with city water. Contamination rate of stem explant tissue cultures excised from these stock plants was 50% to 100%. A comparison of the microorganisms isolated from the contaminated cultures and from 0.22-μm filter disks through which 20 liters of city water had passed revealed the presence of similar bacterial floras. Five genera of bacteria (Listerium spp., Corynebacterium spp., Enterobacter spp., Pasteurella spp., and Actinobacillus spp.) were isolated from contaminated cultures and cultured filter disks. Watering greenhouse-grown stock plants with filtered city water decreased contamination of stem explant cultures 30% to 50%. Installing an ultraviolet light water-sterilizing unit at the greenhouse inlet point effectively reduced contamination.

CULTIVATION OF POLIOMYELITIS VIRUS IN TISSUE CULTURE V. OBSERVATIONS ON VIRUS PROPAGATION IN CERTAIN ANIMAL TISSUES WITH A SYNTHETIC NUTRIENT MEDIUM

1953 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Duncan ◽  
A. E. Franklin ◽  
W. Wood ◽  
A. J. Rhodes
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Rhesus Monkeys ◽  
Synthetic Medium ◽  
Tissue Cultures ◽  
Animal Tissues ◽  
Virus Propagation ◽  
Virus Growth ◽  
Poliomyelitis Virus ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Synthetic Nutrient Medium

Further observations have been made on the propagation of Lansing poliomyelitis virus in tissue cultures. It has been observed that tissues derived from several organs of rhesus monkeys will support virus growth in tissue cultures in Erlenmeyer flasks with a synthetic medium as the source of nutrient. Cultures of tissues from monkey testis, lung, kidney, and gut have survived for long periods, and virus has been regularly recovered even from fluids removed from cultures after as late as 125 days. Cultures of tissues from monkey brain and cord, and muscle, did not survive as long, and less virus was demonstrated in the supernatant fluids. Muscle from the diaphragm did not appear to support growth. Cultures of tissues from the brain, kidney, and lung of beef embryos survived for long periods, but no virus was found in any of the culture fluids.

POLIOMYELITIS IN CANADIAN ESKIMOS: LABORATORY STUDIES. V. TYPE 1 AND TYPE 3 POLIOMYELITIS ANTIBODY LEVELS IN BAFFIN ISLAND ESKIMOS

1954 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-125
Author(s):  
W. Wood ◽  
Eina M. Clark ◽  
F. T. Shimada ◽  
A. J. Rhodes
Keyword(s):  
Medical Records ◽  
Baffin Island ◽  
Tissue Cultures ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Poliomyelitis Virus ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
Antibody Levels ◽  
Type 3

Studies on the basic immunology of poliomyelitis in Canadian Eskimos have been continued. Some 87 sera collected from Eskimos at Pangnirtung, Baffin Island, have been examined for the presence of Type 1 and Type 3 poliomyelitis antibody by quantitative tests in tissue cultures. The same sera were previously examined for Type 2 antibody by quantitative tests in mice. The results of the three determinations are now presented together for comparison. These sera came from Eskimos aged 2 to 72 years of age. None of the Eskimos showed any evidence of paralysis. Examination of the medical records did not suggest that any paralytic disease had been present in this part of Baffin Island. Very few of the sera showed the presence of poliomyelitis antibody; thus, Type 1 antibody was demonstrated in the sera of 8%, Type 2 antibody in the sera of 9%, and Type 3 antibody in the sera of 14%. No significant number of Eskimos below the age of 45 years had acquired poliomyelitis antibody. The antibody titers mostly ranged between 10−1.0 and 10−2.0, and were significantly lower than the titers customarily found in recently paralyzed cases. These findings suggest that poliomyelitis infection occurred in Pangnirtung Eskimos many years before the date on which the samples were taken (1951). These results point to the worldwide prevalence of the three types of poliomyelitis virus.

scholarly journals Properties of Elementary Particle Fluxes in Primary Cosmic Rays Measured with the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer on the International Space Station

2019 ◽  
Vol 209 ◽  
pp. 01007
Author(s):  
Francesco Nozzoli
Keyword(s):  
Electron Flux ◽  
Space Station ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Precision Measurements ◽  
High Energy Electrons ◽  
Electrons And Positrons ◽  
Positron Flux ◽  
Rigidity Dependence ◽  
Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer

Precision measurements by AMS of the fluxes of cosmic ray positrons, electrons, antiprotons, protons as well as their rations reveal several unexpected and intriguing features. The presented measurements extend the energy range of the previous observations with much increased precision. The new results show that the behavior of positron flux at around 300 GeV is consistent with a new source that produce equal amount of high energy electrons and positrons. In addition, in the absolute rigidity range 60–500 GV, the antiproton, proton, and positron fluxes are found to have nearly identical rigidity dependence and the electron flux exhibits different rigidity dependence.

scholarly journals Polar Middle Atmospheric Responses to Medium Energy Electron (MEE) Precipitation Using Numerical Model Simulations

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 133
Author(s):  
Ji-Hee Lee ◽  
Geonhwa Jee ◽  
Young-Sil Kwak ◽  
Heejin Hwang ◽  
Annika Seppälä ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Model ◽  
Middle Atmosphere ◽  
Meridional Circulation ◽  
Stratospheric Ozone ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Chemical Changes ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
Mesospheric Temperature ◽  
High Energy Electrons ◽  
Circulation Changes

Energetic particle precipitation (EPP) is known to be an important source of chemical changes in the polar middle atmosphere in winter. Recent modeling studies further suggest that chemical changes induced by EPP can also cause dynamic changes in the middle atmosphere. In this study, we investigated the atmospheric responses to the precipitation of medium-to-high energy electrons (MEEs) over the period 2005–2013 using the Specific Dynamics Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model (SD-WACCM). Our results show that the MEE precipitation significantly increases the amounts of NOx and HOx, resulting in mesospheric and stratospheric ozone losses by up to 60% and 25% respectively during polar winter. The MEE-induced ozone loss generally increases the temperature in the lower mesosphere but decreases the temperature in the upper mesosphere with large year-to-year variability, not only by radiative effects but also by adiabatic effects. The adiabatic effects by meridional circulation changes may be dominant for the mesospheric temperature changes. In particular, the meridional circulation changes occasionally act in opposite ways to vary the temperature in terms of height variations, especially at around the solar minimum period with low geomagnetic activity, which cancels out the temperature changes to make the average small in the polar mesosphere for the 9-year period.

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