scholarly journals ATTEMPTS TO PROPAGATE TYPE 2 LANSING, Y-SK, AND MEF1 STRAINS OF POLIOMYELITIS VIRUS IN NEOPLASTIC MOUSE TISSUE CULTURES

1954 ◽  
Vol 67 (5) ◽  
pp. 612-613
Author(s):  
Benjamin V. Siegel ◽  
Mary Jean Morse
Keyword(s):  
Mouse Tissue ◽  
Tissue Cultures ◽  
Poliomyelitis Virus

POLIOMYELITIS IN CANADIAN ESKIMOS: LABORATORY STUDIES. V. TYPE 1 AND TYPE 3 POLIOMYELITIS ANTIBODY LEVELS IN BAFFIN ISLAND ESKIMOS

1954 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-125
Author(s):  
W. Wood ◽  
Eina M. Clark ◽  
F. T. Shimada ◽  
A. J. Rhodes
Keyword(s):  
Medical Records ◽  
Baffin Island ◽  
Tissue Cultures ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Poliomyelitis Virus ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
Antibody Levels ◽  
Type 3

Studies on the basic immunology of poliomyelitis in Canadian Eskimos have been continued. Some 87 sera collected from Eskimos at Pangnirtung, Baffin Island, have been examined for the presence of Type 1 and Type 3 poliomyelitis antibody by quantitative tests in tissue cultures. The same sera were previously examined for Type 2 antibody by quantitative tests in mice. The results of the three determinations are now presented together for comparison. These sera came from Eskimos aged 2 to 72 years of age. None of the Eskimos showed any evidence of paralysis. Examination of the medical records did not suggest that any paralytic disease had been present in this part of Baffin Island. Very few of the sera showed the presence of poliomyelitis antibody; thus, Type 1 antibody was demonstrated in the sera of 8%, Type 2 antibody in the sera of 9%, and Type 3 antibody in the sera of 14%. No significant number of Eskimos below the age of 45 years had acquired poliomyelitis antibody. The antibody titers mostly ranged between 10−1.0 and 10−2.0, and were significantly lower than the titers customarily found in recently paralyzed cases. These findings suggest that poliomyelitis infection occurred in Pangnirtung Eskimos many years before the date on which the samples were taken (1951). These results point to the worldwide prevalence of the three types of poliomyelitis virus.

POLIOMYELITIS IN CANADIAN ESKIMOS: LABORATORY STUDIES. V. TYPE 1 AND TYPE 3 POLIOMYELITIS ANTIBODY LEVELS IN BAFFIN ISLAND ESKIMOS

1954 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-125
Author(s):  
W. Wood ◽  
Eina M. Clark ◽  
F. T. Shimada ◽  
A. J. Rhodes
Keyword(s):  
Medical Records ◽  
Baffin Island ◽  
Tissue Cultures ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Poliomyelitis Virus ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
Antibody Levels ◽  
Type 3

Studies on the basic immunology of poliomyelitis in Canadian Eskimos have been continued. Some 87 sera collected from Eskimos at Pangnirtung, Baffin Island, have been examined for the presence of Type 1 and Type 3 poliomyelitis antibody by quantitative tests in tissue cultures. The same sera were previously examined for Type 2 antibody by quantitative tests in mice. The results of the three determinations are now presented together for comparison. These sera came from Eskimos aged 2 to 72 years of age. None of the Eskimos showed any evidence of paralysis. Examination of the medical records did not suggest that any paralytic disease had been present in this part of Baffin Island. Very few of the sera showed the presence of poliomyelitis antibody; thus, Type 1 antibody was demonstrated in the sera of 8%, Type 2 antibody in the sera of 9%, and Type 3 antibody in the sera of 14%. No significant number of Eskimos below the age of 45 years had acquired poliomyelitis antibody. The antibody titers mostly ranged between 10−1.0 and 10−2.0, and were significantly lower than the titers customarily found in recently paralyzed cases. These findings suggest that poliomyelitis infection occurred in Pangnirtung Eskimos many years before the date on which the samples were taken (1951). These results point to the worldwide prevalence of the three types of poliomyelitis virus.

CLINICAL TRIALS IN INFANTS OF ORALLY ADMINISTERED ATTENUATED POLIOMYELITIS VIRUSES

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1959 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 1041-1062
Author(s):  
Stanley Alan Plotkin ◽  
Hilary Koprowski ◽  
Joseph Stokes
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Fecal Excretion ◽  
Jackson Type ◽  
Poliomyelitis Virus ◽  
Minor Illness ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Antibody Levels ◽  
Type 3

Forty-six infants, ranging from less than 1 day to 6 months of age, were given more than 100 feedings of living, attenuated poliomyelitis viruses without the occurrence of major or minor illness. The strains used were CHAT (type 1), Wistar (type 1), Jackson (type 2), P-712 (type 2) and Fox (type 3). All strains except the Jackson strain were found to be antigenic on oral administration. Response to vaccination was demonstrated in these infants by the presence after vaccination of antibody levels significantly in excess of those attributable to transplacentally acquired antibodies, and by the detection of fecal excretion of poliomyelitis virus. Infants less than 2 months old were more difficult to immunize than older infants. The evidence suggests that biologic immaturity rather than transplacental antibodies caused the difference. When the three types of poliomyelitis virus were fed at 3-week intervals, responses occurred to all types. No interference between types was observed when they were fed in all possible sequences. Three infants given a second feeding of homotypic, attenuated poliomyelitis virus 3 to 5 months after a successful vaccination showed resistance to intestinal reinfection.

Comparative Biochemical Studies on normal and on Poliomyelitis Virus Infected Tissue Cultures

1958 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ernest Kovacs
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Inhibitors ◽  
Tissue Cultures ◽  
Irreversible Loss ◽  
Virus Inoculation ◽  
Similar Nature ◽  
Poliomyelitis Virus ◽  
Biochemical Studies ◽  
Temporary Rise ◽  
Cytopathogenic Effect

Es wurden zwei verschiedene Thymo-nucleodepolymerasen viskosimetrisch in Gewebekultur nachgewiesen. Bei beiden Fermenten beobachteten wir eine Aktivitätsabnahme nach Infizierung der Gewebekultur mit Poliomyelitis-Virus. In gleicher Weise hemmt virushaltige Flüssigkeit aus Gewebekultur die Aktivität kristalliner DNA-se von Kalbspankreas und die Aktivität der DNA-sen im Affennieren-Homogenat. Die Fermenthemmung im Organbrei war am größten. Die Versuche zeigen, daß die Hemmwirkung in den 3 verschiedenen Systemen (infizierte Gewebekultur, kristallisierte DNA-se, ungereinigter Organextrakt) ähnlicher Natur sind. Sie scheint von spezifischen und allgemeinen Inhibitoren verursacht zu sein. Während des durch die Viren bedingten Zellzerfalles beobachteten wir eine geringe temporäre Zunahme der DNA-ase-Aktivität; dann folgte die irreversible Abnahme. Die theoretische Bedeutung der Befunde wurde besprochen.Two distinct thymonucleo-depolymerases were demonstrated in tissue cultures (TC), by viscosimetric techniques. An inhibition of their activity was found after virus inoculation and multiplication, in vitro. A similar depressive effect of virus-infected culture fluids was detected upon addition to crystalline DNA-ase of beef-pancreas or to crude enzymes of Rhesus kidney homogenate. The inhibition was more marked in the latter. These assays suggest that the analogous processes observed in the three different testsystems (infected cultivated cells, crystalline DNA-ase, unpurified tissueextract), are of similar nature. The decrease of DNA-ase activity seems to be caused by the presence of specific and general enzyme-inhibitors. During disintegration of the cells due to the cytopathogenic effect of the virus, a small, temporary rise of DNA-ase activities may be found, followed by irreversible loss of these nucleases. Theoretical bearings of the findings were discussed.

scholarly journals STUDIES ON THE PROPAGATION IN VITRO OF POLIOMYELITIS VIRUSES

1952 ◽  
Vol 96 (4) ◽  
pp. 355-367 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerome T. Syverton ◽  
William F. Scherer
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Plasma Clot ◽  
Poliomyelitis Virus ◽  
Histopathological Findings ◽  
Testicular Cells ◽  
Fragment Type ◽  
Tissue Fragment ◽  
Culture Virus

Poliomyelitis virus was propagated in vitro successfully in extraneural tissues. Suspended tissue fragment cultures and combined plasma clot-suspended tissue fragment cultures of monkey or human testicular tissues were employed. Five strains representative of poliomyelitis virus were maintained for from 36 to 263 days in the suspended tissue fragment type of culture. The dilution factors calculated by tissue replacements for the eight serial passages ranged from 107.8 to 1044.5 and when assessed by fluid replacements, from 1015 to 1095.3. The LD50 for each strain of Type 2 virus was determined for selected transfers. The identify of each strain of virus was established by neutralization tests and histopathological findings in monkeys dead from the injection of tissue culture virus. Control experiments and other tests made known that propagation of poliomyelitis virus did not occur in the absence of viable testicular cells and that an extraneous virus was not inadvertently acquired during the course of these studies.

Unsubstituted purine and its riboside as toxic antimetabolites in mouse tissue cultures

Cancer ◽  
1955 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
John J. Biesele ◽  
Marilyn Clarke Slautterback ◽  
Marilyn Margolis
Keyword(s):  
Mouse Tissue ◽  
Tissue Cultures

scholarly journals STUDIES ON THE PROPAGATION IN VITRO OF POLIOMYELITIS VIRUSES

1952 ◽  
Vol 96 (4) ◽  
pp. 369-388 ◽  
Author(s):  
William F. Scherer ◽  
Jerome T. Syverton
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Growth Curves ◽  
Testicular Tissue ◽  
Growth Cycle ◽  
Lag Phase ◽  
Viral Production ◽  
Poliomyelitis Virus ◽  
Viral Multiplication

The growth of poliomyelitis virus, Type 2, Yale-SK strain, in cultures of monkey testicular tissue was observed to occur in discrete cycles. Growth curves showed that each cycle was composed of (a) an initial lag phase when little or no virus was released from the cells, (6) a phase of viral production, and (c) a plateau which represented a decrement in the rate of viral production. This pattern of viral multiplication occurred in monkey testicular tissue cultures which have as the liquid phase either ox serum ultrafiltrate or monkey serum-chicken embryonic extract medium. The presence of a solid medium composed of chicken plasma, clotted either with chicken embryonic extract or bovine thrombin, did not alter the pattern of viral multiplication. The shape of the growth curve as established by any of four different techniques for tissue cultivation, was shown to be independent of the cultural technique employed. For cultures of monkey testicular tissue, the amount of virus in the tissue was as much as tenfold greater than that in the liquid of the same cultures. Moreover, viral production was evident earlier and was detectable for a longer period of time in the tissue than in the liquid phase. The rapidly incremental phase of the growth cycle, when large quantities of virus were released into the liquid phase, coincided in time with the destruction of the spindle-shaped cells, which extended from the explants. Although destruction of outgrowth cells was marked, there remained cells within the explants capable of supporting the growth of poliomyelitis virus.

scholarly journals STUDIES ON THE PROPAGATION IN VITRO OF POLIOMYELITIS VIRUSES

1952 ◽  
Vol 96 (4) ◽  
pp. 389-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
William F. Scherer ◽  
Jerome T. Syverton
Keyword(s):  
Virus Type ◽  
Testicular Tissue ◽  
Nerve Cells ◽  
Specific Antibodies ◽  
Poliomyelitis Virus ◽  
Explant Cultures ◽  
Pure Cultures ◽  
Primary Explant

Cells like fibroblasts, having no resemblance whatever to nerve cells were obtained in morphologically pure cultures from monkey testicular tissue and were found to support the growth in vitro of poliomyelitis virus, Type 2, Yale-SK strain. Moreover, these cells were destroyed as a result of the multiplication of this virus within them. Similarly, "fibroblasts" propagated in primary explant cultures of testicle were destroyed by poliomyelitis viruses, Types 1 and 2. Type specific antibodies neutralized the pathogenic effect of poliomyelitis virus on monkey testicular fibroblasts.

Mixed infection with type 2 poliomyelitis virus and Columbia SK group virus in man

1954 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. Verlinde ◽  
J. H. Molron
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Infection ◽  
Poliomyelitis Virus
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