Subsampling Herbarium Collections to Assess Geographic Diversity Gradients: A Case Study with Endemic Orchidaceae and Rubiaceae in Cameroon

Biotropica ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincent Droissart ◽  
Olivier J. Hardy ◽  
Bonaventure Sonké ◽  
Farid Dahdouh-Guebas ◽  
Tariq Stévart
Keyword(s):  
Diversity Gradients ◽  
Geographic Diversity ◽  
Herbarium Collections

Evaluating Supply Chain Energy Use in a Smart Grid Paradigm

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amip J. Shah ◽  
Kiara Corrigan
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Small Subset ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Cost Structures ◽  
Energy Footprint ◽  
Electricity Use ◽  
Geographic Diversity

A key paradigm shift resulting from the intersection of the information technology (IT) and utility sectors is the availability of real-time data regarding energy use across different industries. Historically, ascertaining the energy costs across the value chain of a given product or service was a laborious and expensive task, requiring many months of data collection; several proxies or approximations for cases where measured data might not be cost-effectively available; and even then, the resulting energy footprint could have significant uncertainty based on time-of-measurement, geographic diversity of manufacturing sites, etc. As dynamic energy pricing begins to take hold and environmental externalities begin to be priced into existing cost structures, the ability to optimize a given value chain for minimal energy use becomes increasingly attractive. In this paper, we discuss an approach for leveraging dynamically available data alongside historical n-tier supply chain models to avail the ability for such optimization. The approach is illustrated for the case study of a computer manufacturer, where we find that metering electricity use at a small subset of sites can allow for a reasonable estimate of the total energy use across the supply chain.

scholarly journals Historical contingency, niche conservatism and the tendency for some taxa to be more diverse towards the poles

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ignacio Morales-Castilla ◽  
Jonathan T Davies ◽  
Miguel Ángel Rodríguez
Keyword(s):  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Historical Contingency ◽  
Land Bridge ◽  
Cold Temperatures ◽  
Latitudinal Diversity Gradient ◽  
Diversity Gradient ◽  
Tropical Diversity ◽  
Diversity Gradients ◽  
Climate Space

Successful explanations for diversity gradients should account for both the generalized tendency towards a higher tropical diversity and its exceptions. Moreover, identifying exceptions to general trends, such as the latitudinal diversity gradient can give insight into the mechanistic explanations responsible for structuring them. The Cenozoic biotic exchange of mammals across the Bering land-bridge provides an illuminating case-study. It allows comparing the diversity of clades that participated in the exchange (colonizers), whose ancestors withstood the Beringian cold temperatures, with that of the clades that did not participate (sedentaries). We find that assemblages of colonizers are more diverse towards higher latitudes, opposing the traditional latitudinal diversity gradient which is followed by sedentaries. Despite the long passage of time since this major dispersal event, the geographic distribution of colonizers is more strongly correlated to the distributions of other colonizers inhabiting a different continent than by the distribution of sedentary species. These results highlight the importance of historical migrations and dispersal in configuring present-day diversity gradients. Importantly, we also suggest that colonizers may be particularly vulnerable to projected climate change because of the predicted decrease in climate space in the extra-tropical realm where they are currently most diverse.

scholarly journals Unmounted Doesn’t Mean Unprocessed: A Case Study of Exporting Australian Herbarium Specimens

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. e26284
Author(s):  
Sarah Hirst ◽  
Peter Jobson
Keyword(s):  
Plant Material ◽  
The United States ◽  
Herbarium Specimens ◽  
United States Department ◽  
Department Of Agriculture ◽  
States Department ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Exchange Material ◽  
Herbarium Collections

In 2017, two incoming international herbarium loans were confiscated and destroyed by the Commonwealth Department of Agriculture and Water Resources (DAWR). Following these regrettable incidents, communication has improved between Managers of Australasian Herbarium Collections (MAHC) and Plant Import Operations Branch of DAWR. The outcome is that new protocols now exist for shipment of plant material between herbaria based on the recognition by DAWR that all herbarium specimens are in fact processed (pressed, dried and frozen) even if they are not fully mounted (Brown et al, this conference). Simultaneously, the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) had been reported to be destroying incoming unmounted specimens, thus making it difficult to send unmounted exchange material overseas, and particularly to the USA. Using the documentation developed for incoming overseas loans by MAHC and, encouraging the receiving institution in the USA to acquire a USDA 588 Importing Permit for unprocessed plant specimens (non-loan, unmounted herbarium specimens), it was possible to export unmounted herbarium specimens and dried DNA samples into the USA. Excluding the USA specific requirements, we were also able to export exchange material and dried DNA samples to Singapore and Sweden.

scholarly journals Searching for invasive aliens: a case study from ZA & ZAHO herbarium collections

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-108
Author(s):  
Tihana Vilović ◽  
◽  
Vedran Šegota ◽  
Kristina Bilić ◽  
Toni Nikolić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Herbarium Collections

scholarly journals Weak isolation by distance and geographic diversity gradients persist in Scottish relict pine forest

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 449-458
Author(s):  
P González-Díaz ◽  
S Cavers ◽  
GR Iason ◽  
A Booth ◽  
J Russell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Isolation By Distance ◽  
Pine Forest ◽  
Diversity Gradients ◽  
Geographic Diversity

scholarly journals Front-Face Fluorescence of Honey of Different Botanic Origin: A Case Study from Tuscany (Italy)

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 1776 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erica Parri ◽  
Giulia Santinami ◽  
Valentina Domenici
Keyword(s):  
Fluorescence Spectra ◽  
Bioactive Molecules ◽  
Front Face ◽  
Fluorescence Study ◽  
Geographic Diversity ◽  
Original Case ◽  
Medicago Sativa L ◽  
Minor Compounds ◽  
Botanic Origin

Honey is a natural pure food produced by honeybees from the nectar of various plants, and its chemical composition includes carbohydrates, water, and some minor compounds, which are very important for honey quality and authentication. Most of honey’s minor components are related to the botanic origin, climate, and geographic diversity. In this work, we report an original case study on monofloral honey samples of twelve different botanic origins produced in Tuscany (Italy) based on the ‘semi-quantitative’ analysis of emission, excitation, and synchronous front-face fluorescence spectra. This is the first front-face fluorescence study of Italian honey samples and, to our knowledge, the first fluorescence investigation of honey from inula (Inula viscosa (L.) Aiton), marruca (Paliurus spina-christi Mill.), lavender (Lavandula L. 1753), sulla (Hedysarum coronarium L.), arbutus (or strawberry tree) (Arbutus unedo L., 1753), and alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) plants. Results obtained from fluorescence spectroscopy are discussed in terms of characteristic spectral emission profiles typical of honey of different botanic origins. Moreover, the spectral analysis based on the decomposition of the front-face fluorescence (FFF) spectra in terms of single main fluorophores’ components is here proposed to identify several minor compounds, such as amino acids, phenolic acids, vitamins, and other fluorescent bioactive molecules.

scholarly journals Historical contingency, niche conservatism and the tendency for some taxa to be more diverse towards the poles

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ignacio Morales-Castilla ◽  
Jonathan T Davies ◽  
Miguel Ángel Rodríguez
Keyword(s):  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Historical Contingency ◽  
Land Bridge ◽  
Cold Temperatures ◽  
Latitudinal Diversity Gradient ◽  
Diversity Gradient ◽  
Tropical Diversity ◽  
Diversity Gradients ◽  
Climate Space

Successful explanations for diversity gradients should account for both the generalized tendency towards a higher tropical diversity and its exceptions. Moreover, identifying exceptions to general trends, such as the latitudinal diversity gradient can give insight into the mechanistic explanations responsible for structuring them. The Cenozoic biotic exchange of mammals across the Bering land-bridge provides an illuminating case-study. It allows comparing the diversity of clades that participated in the exchange (colonizers), whose ancestors withstood the Beringian cold temperatures, with that of the clades that did not participate (sedentaries). We find that assemblages of colonizers are more diverse towards higher latitudes, opposing the traditional latitudinal diversity gradient which is followed by sedentaries. Despite the long passage of time since this major dispersal event, the geographic distribution of colonizers is more strongly correlated to the distributions of other colonizers inhabiting a different continent than by the distribution of sedentary species. These results highlight the importance of historical migrations and dispersal in configuring present-day diversity gradients. Importantly, we also suggest that colonizers may be particularly vulnerable to projected climate change because of the predicted decrease in climate space in the extra-tropical realm where they are currently most diverse.

The Genesis and Internal Dynamics of El Salvador's People's Revolutionary Army, 1970–1976

2014 ◽  
Vol 38 (01) ◽  
pp. 102-129
Author(s):  
ALBERTO MARTÍN ÁLVAREZ ◽  
EUDALD CORTINA ORERO
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
El Salvador ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Left Wing ◽  
Internal Dynamics ◽  
Internal Coherence ◽  
The 1960S

AbstractUsing interviews with former militants and previously unpublished documents, this article traces the genesis and internal dynamics of the Ejército Revolucionario del Pueblo (People's Revolutionary Army, ERP) in El Salvador during the early years of its existence (1970–6). This period was marked by the inability of the ERP to maintain internal coherence or any consensus on revolutionary strategy, which led to a series of splits and internal fights over control of the organisation. The evidence marshalled in this case study sheds new light on the origins of the armed Salvadorean Left and thus contributes to a wider understanding of the processes of formation and internal dynamics of armed left-wing groups that emerged from the 1960s onwards in Latin America.

Culture and the plasticity of perception

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Lifshitz ◽  
T. M. Luhrmann
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Context ◽  
Sensory Experience ◽  
Cultural Learning ◽  
The World

Abstract Culture shapes our basic sensory experience of the world. This is particularly striking in the study of religion and psychosis, where we and others have shown that cultural context determines both the structure and content of hallucination-like events. The cultural shaping of hallucinations may provide a rich case-study for linking cultural learning with emerging prediction-based models of perception.

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