electricity use
Recently Published Documents


TOTAL DOCUMENTS

425
(FIVE YEARS 165)

H-INDEX

28
(FIVE YEARS 6)

Energies ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 496
Author(s):  
Sameh Monna ◽  
Ramez Abdallah ◽  
Adel Juaidi ◽  
Aiman Albatayneh ◽  
Antonio Jesús Zapata-Sierra ◽  
...  

Countries with limited natural resources and high energy prices, such as Jordan, face significant challenges concerning energy consumption and energy efficiency, particularly in the context of climate change. Residential buildings are the most energy-consuming sector in Jordan. Photovoltaic (PV) systems on the rooftops of residential buildings can solve the problem of increasing electricity demands and address the need for more sustainable energy systems. This study calculated the potential electricity production from PV systems installed on the available rooftops of residential buildings and compared this production with current and future electricity consumption for residential households. A simulation tool using PV*SOL 2021 was used to estimate electricity production and a comparative method was used to compare electricity production and consumption. The results indicated that electricity production from PV systems installed on single houses and villas can cover, depending on the tilt angle and location of the properties, three to eight times their estimated future and current electricity use. PV installation on apartment buildings can cover 0.65 to 1.3 times their future and current electricity use. The surplus electricity produced can be used to mitigate urban energy demands and achieve energy sustainability.


Author(s):  
Ayooluwa Femi Aribisala ◽  
Musa Mohammed

Energy consumers in Nigeria have long complained about Distribution Companies' unfair billing practices, exorbitant monthly electricity bills resulting from meter estimation rather than accurate meter reading and calculation based on uninterrupted electricity use. The objectives of the study were to establish the relationship between the prepaid metering system and customer satisfaction; and to evaluate the level of satisfaction with respect to the usage of the prepaid metering system in Niger State, Nigeria. In carrying out the study, the structured questionnaire was administered to 393 randomly chosen respondents drawn from prepaid meter users, out of which 344 responded generating a response rate of 87.5%. The data derived were subjected to spearman correlation and multiple regression models. The major findings from the study showed a significant, moderate and positive relationship between the prepaid metering system and customer satisfaction. Additionally, three significant predictors, Affordability, Availability and Flexibility with p < .01 are statistically significant. Further findings from descriptive statistics revealed that users had the highest level of satisfaction with the privacy they had as a result of no meter readers and no accumulated. The study concluded that there exist a positive and beneficial link between the prepaid metering system and customer satisfaction. The study therefore recommends the provision of a smart metering system, good customer care units and a marketing campaign for better knowledge of the prepaid metering system.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Matar ◽  
Zeeshan Fareed ◽  
Cosimo Magazzino ◽  
Mahmoud Al-Rdaydeh ◽  
Nicolas Schneider

Abstract This paper investigates the association between CO2 emissions and a range of factors, including electricity consumption, economic growth, urbanization, and trade openness for six Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries using data covering the 1965-2019 period. Namely, Oman, Saudi Arabia, the UAE, Kuwait, Bahrain, and Qatar. Contrasting with the standard literature, our empirical strategy uses the wavelet coherence approach on the frequency domain, thought to complement the time-series econometric procedures reported on this topic. Supplied at the country-level, associated evidence presents far-reaching policy recommendations whose applications may directly benefit environmental planning and bring high information value for the sake of sustainable energies in the Gulf region.JEL: Q43, C22, C23, E20, O44.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Ariel Reyes

<p>With the prevalence of emoji, digital pictographs in computer mediated communication, this thesis investigates the suitability of using emoji to represent energy use. With research participants and in partnership with a New Zealand electricity retailer and a meter equipment provider, a selection of emoji was identified to represent low or high daily electricity usage. A chatbot was developed to replace an In-Home Display (IHD) usage monitor. The chatbot is used as an agent for presenting interpreted consumption both as text and emoji. The resulting interactions and observations were documented, along with changes in consumption.</p>


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Ariel Reyes

<p>With the prevalence of emoji, digital pictographs in computer mediated communication, this thesis investigates the suitability of using emoji to represent energy use. With research participants and in partnership with a New Zealand electricity retailer and a meter equipment provider, a selection of emoji was identified to represent low or high daily electricity usage. A chatbot was developed to replace an In-Home Display (IHD) usage monitor. The chatbot is used as an agent for presenting interpreted consumption both as text and emoji. The resulting interactions and observations were documented, along with changes in consumption.</p>


Author(s):  
Kajal Mehta ◽  
Nikhitha Thrikutam ◽  
Paa-Ekow Hoyte Williams ◽  
Henry Falk ◽  
Kiran Nakarmi ◽  
...  

Abstract Cooking- and cookstove-related burns (CSBs) comprise a large proportion of burn injuries globally, but there are limited data on cooking behavior patterns to inform prevention and advocacy. Therefore, we aimed to describe the epidemiology, risk factors and outcomes of these injuries and highlight the potential of the World Health Organization (WHO) Global Burn Registry (GBR). Patients with cooking-related burns were identified in the WHO GBR. Patient demographics, cooking arrangement, injury characteristics and outcomes were described and compared. Bivariate regression was performed to identify risk factors associated with CSBs. Analysis demonstrated that 25% of patients in the GBR sustained cooking-related burns (n=1,723). The cooking environment and cooking fuels used varied significantly by country income level ([electricity use: LIC 1.6 vs MIC 5.9 vs HIC 49.6%; p&lt;0.001] [kerosene use: LIC 5.7 vs MIC 10.4 vs HIC 0.0%; p&lt;0.001]). Of cooking-related burns, 22% were cookstove-related burns (CSBs; 311 burns). Patients with CSBs were more often female (65% vs 53%; p&lt;0.001). CSBs were significantly larger in TBSA size (30%, IQR 15-45 vs 15%, IQR 10-25; p&lt;0.001), had higher revised Baux scores (70, IQR 46-95 vs 28, IQR 10-25; p&lt;0.001) and more often resulted in death (41 vs 11%; p&lt;0.001) than other cooking burns. Patients with CSBs were more likely to be burned by fires (OR 4.74; 95% CI 2.99-7.54) and explosions (OR 2.91, 95% CI 2.03-4.18) than other cooking injuries. Kerosene had the highest odds of CSB compared to other cooking fuels (OR 2.37, 95% CI 1.52-3.69). In conclusion, CSBs specifically have different epidemiology than cooking-related burns. CSBs were more likely caused by structural factors (e.g., explosion, fire) than behavioral factors (e.g., accidental movements) when compared to other cooking burns. These differences suggest prevention interventions for CSBs may require distinctive efforts than typically deployed for cooking-related injuries, and necessarily involve cookstove design and safety regulations to prevent fires and explosions.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Alamah Misni

<p><b>Increasing energy consumption is having a detrimental effect on the environment. This issue combined with rising energy costs, is motivating people to reduce energy consumption. Moderating a building’s surrounding microclimate naturally through strategic landscaping has the potential to benefit the environment, save energy, save money and provide comfortable living environments.</b></p> <p>The urban heat island effect is a well documented phenomenon, which influences the climate of most of the major cities around the world. It occurs when the air temperature in densely built urban areas is higher by 2°C to 8°C compared to the temperature of the surrounding rural environment. This issue is of particular concern in tropical areas, which experience high temperatures and humidity all year round. In these areas, solar heat passes through a building’s envelope via glazed windows and the walls and roofs resulting in uncomfortable interior spaces. The increased purchasing power of the population has resulted in greater use of air-conditioners to create and maintain a comfortable indoor temperature. This study found that the average household uses up to 37% of their electricity consumption for cooling. Careful planning of exterior spaces can help reduce energy consumption for cooling by reducing the adverse impact of some climatic factors. Strategically placed vegetation around a building has long been recognised as a means of cooling. It can reduce temperatures and humidity through shading, evapotranspiration and wind channelling.</p> <p>The aim of this study was to examine and quantify the relationship between surrounding vegetation, and the thermal performance of housing in a hot-humid tropical environment. The primary objective was to determine the energy saving potential of vegetation for the tropical residence. The secondary objective was to investigate the effect of vegetation on modifying the outdoor temperature around a single-family house in a hot-humid climate.</p> <p>Monitoring of household electricity use in the two Malaysian cities, Shah Alam and Putrajaya, has shown that at night time, when families are at home, is when airconditioning is used the most. Building surfaces on the east and west side are most affected by the sun, gaining and storing heat throughout the day until night time, when it is released into the house as the outdoor temperatures cool. Planting the right species, size and shape of trees, shrubs, vines, groundcover, and turf in strategic positions around a garden can greatly reduce the temperature around buildings. This in turn reduces the energy used for air conditioning. This study found that strategic landscaping, which resulted in shading and encouraged evapotranspiration and wind channelling, could reduce electricity use and costs by as much as 20%. The physical characteristics of buildings including their construction, size and age, combined with their landscape designs were looked at in 50 private houses in Malaysia. Measurements were taken from several outdoor and indoor locations around the houses. The findings showed that strategic design of landscaping could reduce heat build-up in a house, by shading, evapotranspiration and wind channelling by as much as 4°C for the exterior and 3°C for the interior spaces.</p> <p>These results demonstrate how strategic landscaping can assist in creating a favourable microclimate in a house, which will help reduce energy consumption. Its effect can extend beyond the residential to have a positive influence on an area’s macroclimate and at a regional scale.</p>


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Alamah Misni

<p><b>Increasing energy consumption is having a detrimental effect on the environment. This issue combined with rising energy costs, is motivating people to reduce energy consumption. Moderating a building’s surrounding microclimate naturally through strategic landscaping has the potential to benefit the environment, save energy, save money and provide comfortable living environments.</b></p> <p>The urban heat island effect is a well documented phenomenon, which influences the climate of most of the major cities around the world. It occurs when the air temperature in densely built urban areas is higher by 2°C to 8°C compared to the temperature of the surrounding rural environment. This issue is of particular concern in tropical areas, which experience high temperatures and humidity all year round. In these areas, solar heat passes through a building’s envelope via glazed windows and the walls and roofs resulting in uncomfortable interior spaces. The increased purchasing power of the population has resulted in greater use of air-conditioners to create and maintain a comfortable indoor temperature. This study found that the average household uses up to 37% of their electricity consumption for cooling. Careful planning of exterior spaces can help reduce energy consumption for cooling by reducing the adverse impact of some climatic factors. Strategically placed vegetation around a building has long been recognised as a means of cooling. It can reduce temperatures and humidity through shading, evapotranspiration and wind channelling.</p> <p>The aim of this study was to examine and quantify the relationship between surrounding vegetation, and the thermal performance of housing in a hot-humid tropical environment. The primary objective was to determine the energy saving potential of vegetation for the tropical residence. The secondary objective was to investigate the effect of vegetation on modifying the outdoor temperature around a single-family house in a hot-humid climate.</p> <p>Monitoring of household electricity use in the two Malaysian cities, Shah Alam and Putrajaya, has shown that at night time, when families are at home, is when airconditioning is used the most. Building surfaces on the east and west side are most affected by the sun, gaining and storing heat throughout the day until night time, when it is released into the house as the outdoor temperatures cool. Planting the right species, size and shape of trees, shrubs, vines, groundcover, and turf in strategic positions around a garden can greatly reduce the temperature around buildings. This in turn reduces the energy used for air conditioning. This study found that strategic landscaping, which resulted in shading and encouraged evapotranspiration and wind channelling, could reduce electricity use and costs by as much as 20%. The physical characteristics of buildings including their construction, size and age, combined with their landscape designs were looked at in 50 private houses in Malaysia. Measurements were taken from several outdoor and indoor locations around the houses. The findings showed that strategic design of landscaping could reduce heat build-up in a house, by shading, evapotranspiration and wind channelling by as much as 4°C for the exterior and 3°C for the interior spaces.</p> <p>These results demonstrate how strategic landscaping can assist in creating a favourable microclimate in a house, which will help reduce energy consumption. Its effect can extend beyond the residential to have a positive influence on an area’s macroclimate and at a regional scale.</p>


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
J. Andrew Alcorn

<p>"How do you build a sustainable house in New Zealand? - is it even possible?" This thesis is structured in three parts to answer this question. The first part asks, then answers, "What is sustainability?", "How do you measure sustainability?" and "How do you know when you have reached sustainability - what is its limit?" The second part describes the methodologies for conducting embodied energy and CO2 analysis. The third part applies the results of the sustainability definition, and the energy and CO2 methodologies to a series of house designs. Part 1 defines, measures, and establishes a limit for sustainability. It reviews the history of sustainability and sustainable development. A distillation of what is being sought by the various parties to the sustainability debate then contributes to a checklist of essential requirements for a functional definition of sustainability. Addressing climate change is shown to be the major requirement. The checklist enables answers to the questions about measuring sustainability, and knowing when its limit has been reached, and leads to a functional definition: Sustainability meets the needs of the present without annual CO2 emissions exceeding what the planet can absorb. The requirements for sustainability indicator methods are examined. A robust way of comparing environment impacts is introduced. Several common sustainability indicators are examined against the requirements, but are found wanting, while two are found to be effective: energy and CO2 analysis. Human population and annual global carbon absorption are used to identify global and per-capita sustainability limits, which can be applied at many scales to many activities. They are applied to New Zealand's housing sector to identify a sustainable annual per-house emissions target, including construction, maintenance, and operation. Part 2 reviews the methodologies to measure and delimit sustainability using embodied energy and embodied CO2 analysis. A new, fast, accurate, and reliable process-based hybrid analysis method developed for this research is used to derive embodied energy and CO2 coefficients for building materials. Part 3 applies the results of the sustainability definition and limit, and the energy and CO2 methodologies and coefficients from analysing building materials, to a series of house designs within New Zealand and global contexts. A spreadsheet-based calculator developed for this analysis that has potential beyond this thesis is described. A method is presented for annualising emissions to fairly account for differing building components' lifetimes. Finally, a sustainable house is shown to be possible by combining several strategies to meet the challenging sustainable emissions target. Technologies that reduce grid electricity use - solar hot water, PV, and wind-generators - are crucial, cutting emissions the most. Bio-based materials sequestering carbon are the second most important strategy: strawbale insulation to ~R10, and timber for framing, cladding, windows, linings, and roofing. Efficient appliances, lighting, and other low-emission materials were also helpful. Other key outcomes were: hot water heating emits the most CO2, double any other category; heating energy emissions are smaller than any other category; CO2-optimal conventional insulation levels are ~R5; CO2 flux of materials is double operating energy CO2 for sustainable houses.</p>


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document